• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.61-72
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• 2011

As the customer's needs for diverse colors, the process of bus painting shop is becoming more and more complex. In particular, frequent changes of paint colors in each spray process require the cleaning of the painting nozzles and setting them up for the new paints, which results in increased time and cost and reduced production. This also increases environmental influences. This paper proposes, as a solution to this issue, the use of color selection field (CSF). CSF is physically a system of conveyors that are used to rearrange objects in a flow line. CSF is proposed, in this paper, to be introduced right before the spray process so that buses are better grouped according to their desired colors. Various parameters of the CSF, such as the number of conveyors and algorithms to determine the rearranged sequence of buses, have been determined by running simulations using the digital manufacturing technology, and investigating the simulation results. As an outcome of the proposed solution, the CSF system is expected to reduce approximately 30% of the nozzle cleaning cost for a Korean motor company case, which will not only benefit the company economically, but will also benefit the environment.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.63-69
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• 2009

The experiment was performed to check operating characteristics of fouling auto removal apparatus for multi pass type heat exchanger using ejector. The results showed as following. The ejector suction flow rate increased with the head of operating pump of ejector. Proper suction flow rate showed $7.2{\sim}10.2m^3/h$ for ball collection in case of pump head 35~50m. The head of ejector outlet pipe is below 4.1m in case of 40m, the head of operating pump of ejector to confirm ejector suction flow rate 8.4m3/h. Lattice space of ball separator is allowed 6~10.3mm in ranges of ball diameter are 15~25mm and when mass flow of cooling water is 3.0m/sec. Average of passing time of balls is 1.2~2.8sec depend on the velocity of flow and the size of balls.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.119-128
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• 2008

Laboratory analytical results of 22 sets of hydrophobic adsorbent coils containing surface soil-vapor and two soil samples collected by conventional intrusive method from each boring location at two active dry cleaning facilities in the State of Illinois, U.S.A, were presented to evaluate the performance of soil-vapor survey. The most critical factor to determine the effectiveness of soil-vapor survey is the distance from the soil-vapor sampling device to the actual contamination, which is a function of soil porosity, permeability, primary lithology, and other geological and hydrogeological site-specific parameters. Also this factor can be affected by the history of contaminant-generating operations. The laboratory analytical results in this study showed longer dry cleaning operation history (i.e., 50 years) and presence of fine sand at the beneath Site B allow the contaminants to migrate farther and deeper over a fixed time compared to Site A(i.e., 35 years and silty clay) so that the soil-vapor survey is not likely the most effective environmental site investigation method alone for Site B. However, for Site A, the soil-vapor survey successfully screened the site to identify the location reporting the highest soil concentration of chlorinated solvents.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.337-347
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• 1996

The work-man's Uniform should be coincident with the image of his firm and accounted of the function according s its purpose. We made questions to 404 workers at 8firm in our country through the questionnaire papers to know about a work-man's uniform and researched whether the satisfactory in wearing his uniform had relation with his type of business, grade, carrier, age, marriage, and monthly income. The results of this study is as follows; 1. In the case of wearing the uniform many workers answered they always wore their uniform in the firm. It was shown that the office workers wore their uniform much more than workers in the production department. The longer the time working, the older age, the lower grade of school career are, he more workers wear. the order of the importance for he uniform was the function, the symbol, the originality, and the fashion. The longer their career in the firm was, the more important the function of their uniform was. 2. The order of dirty pat in taking care of the uniform was cuffs, color, the front of part in an upper garment and below the knee, the hip in pants It was very easy for the workers in the experts, or administrators and office workers than others to be dirty in the cuffs part of the uniform. Worn part of the uniform showed highest cuffs in an upper garment and a zipper in pants. The order of cleaning the uniform was washing by water, no ironing, and cleaning in their house.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.36 no.10
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• pp.1117-1124
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• 2012

This study was a preliminary study to investigate the influence of surface morphology and characteristics on the self-cleaning of substrates. PI film was treated by $O_2$ plasma to modify the surface; in addition, AFM and Fe-SEM were employed to examine the morphological changes induced on a PI film treated by $O_2$ plasma and surface energies calculated from measured contact angles between several solutions and PI film based on the geometric mean and a Lewis acid base method. The surface roughness of PI film treated by $O_2$ plasma increased with the duration of the $O_2$ plasma on PI film due to the increased surface etching. The contact angle of film treated by $O_2$ plasma decreased with the increased treatment time in water and surfactant solution; in addition, the surface energy increased with the increased treatment times largely attributed to the increased portion on the polar surface energy of PI film. The coefficient of the correlation between surface roughness and surface polarity such as contact angle and surface energy was below 0.35; however, it was over 0.99 for the contact angle and surface energy.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.168-168
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• 2009

고효율 실리콘 이종접합 태양전지 제작을 위한 요소기술 중 a-Si:H/c-Si 간의 계면 안정화는 태양전지 효율에 중요한 역할을 한다. 본 연구에서는 n-type 결정질 실리콘 기판을 사용하여, 소수전하들의 재결합을 방지하고, 계면 안정화를 실행하는 방안으로 실리콘 기판 습식 세정을 수행하였다. 반도체 공정에서 일반적으로 알려진 RCA 세정기법에 HF 세정을 마지막공정으로 추가하여 자연 산화막과 기타 불순물을 더욱 효과적으로 제거할 수 있도록 실험을 진행하였다. 마지막 공정으로 추가된 HF 세정에 의한 a-Si:H/c-Si 계면 안정화 효과를 관찰하기 위하여 HF농도와 HF 세정시간에 따른 소수반송자 수명을 측정하였다. 또한 HF 세정 이후 공정의 영향을 확인하기 위하여 PE-CVD법으로 a-Si:H 박막 증착 이전 실리콘 기판의 온도와 상온에서 머무는 시간에 따른 a-Si:H/c-Si 계면안정화 특성을 분석하였다. 본 실험을 통해 HF세정공정이 계면특성에 미치는 영향을 확인하였으며 실리콘 기판 습식 세정이 이종접합태양전지 특성에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.215-221
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• 2017

The electroless plating process largely consists of substrate cleaning, seed formation (activator formation), and electroless plating. The most widely used activator in the seed formation step is Pd, and Sn ions are used to facilitate the formation of this Pd seed layer. This is problematic because the Sn ions interfere with the reduction of Cu ions during electroless plating; thus, the Sn ions must be removed by a hydrochloric acid cleaning process. This method is also expensive due to the use of Pd. In this study, Cu electroless plating was performed by forming a seed layer using a silver nanosol instead of Pd and Sn. The effects of the Ag nanosol concentration in the pretreatment solution and the pretreatment time on the thickness and surface morphology of the Cu layer were investigated. The degrees of adhesion to the substrate were similar for the electroless-plated Cu layers formed by conventional Pd activation and those formed by the Ag nanosol.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.58 no.5
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• pp.198-210
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to establish the conservation methods of embroidered textiles and textile works. The conservation of remained textiles is consisting of examination, cleaning, support and consolidation, restoration, and storage and display process. It aims to prevent the damage on textile remains for long time display and storage and to prolong their aesthetics and functionality. The embroidered textiles and textiles works, which are remained by handed down or excavated or included in the Buddhist are embossed with colorful threads on the fabrics: the stitches include embroideries on clothing, bed clothes, wrapping clothes, utensil pouches, panels and Buddhist goods; textile works include hats, ornaments, shoes, attachments of clothes etc. These are composed of mainly fabrics, precious metals, leathers and precious stones, etc., and are fabricated by several techniques such as braiding, twining, sewing as well as weaving. Metal threads were also used to add a decorative effect on these goods. In order to conserve and preserve the remained goods, a special care must be taken on the metal threads, which are the most fragile material among the constituents. Hence, characteristics of metal threads and its cleaning methods, general conservation techniques of a rank badge, which is brocaded and partly attached to Cheogori and Samo(men's hat) from the excavated old tombs are introduced here.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.34-39
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• 2004

Dyeing properties of Glycyrrhizae Radix was investigated with silk fabrics. Dyeing water is a type of chalcone, it showed yellow in IR spectrum. K/S value showed high in following conditions; Glycyrrhizae Radix $200g/1\ell4 water, $80^{\circ}$ of dyeing temperature, 90 minute of dyeing time. Glycyrrhizae Radix dyeing water has higher K/S value in alkalinity(pH9) than in neutrality(pH7) or acidity(pH3) conditions. K/S value showed highest in pH5 premordant method of alkalinity dyeing water condition. The color of silk fabric dyed with Glycyrrhizae Radix is yellow. The change of color did not show by mordant treatment. K/S value showed higher in mordant treatment than nonmordant. Light fastness showed over 3 degree in nonmordant, premordant, simmordant(Al,Cu,Fe) and postmordant(Cu). Water fastness showed over 3 degree in dyeing water(pH3, pH5, pH7). Dry cleaning fastness showed over 3 degree in all dyeing methods. Washing fastness is showed in 2-3 degree; Al in nonmordant, premordant, simmordant and Cu in simmordant are 2-3 degree. Perspiration fastness is nearly 3-4 degree in premordant and simmordant. Perspiration fastness shows high in premordant, simmordant than postmordant. The fastness of light, water, dry cleaning, washing, perspiration shows better nonmordant, premordant, simmordant than postmordant method.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.76-86
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• 2016

In this research, the dyeing properies of Amur cork tree on sheep leathers were evaluated. The proper dyeing conditions were identified with K/S values depending on the colorant concentration, dyeing time, dyeing temperature and dye bath pH. For the proper conditions, the changes of color for different mordants(Al, Cu and Fe) were observed as $L^*a^*b^*$ coordinates and H V/C values. The color fastnesses were also examined, and the antimicrobial properties were examined. The results were as follows: For the sheep leather, the optimized dyeing conditions were 300% o.w.f., 40 min., $40^{\circ}C$, and pH 5. The leather color was yellow in the dyeing and mordanting. Although the $L^*a^*b^*$ changed with the mordants and mordanting methods, the overall hue was yellow. The colorfastness to light was reduced compared to original(untreated) sheep leather. The rubbing fastness was generallry satisfactory as 4-5 rating. The dry-cleaning fastness(stain) of leathers were generally at the 4-5 level, but dry-cleaning fastness(fade) was a little reduced compared to original sheep leather. The dyed and pre-mordanted and dyed sheep leather showed excellent antimicrobial properties.