• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제27권4호
• /
• pp.747-758
• /
• 2017

Chronic wounds, pressure sores, lesions, and infections of microbial origin in bedridden, paralyzed, or malnutrition patients remain the object of study of many researchers. A variety of factors behind the development of these disorders are related to the patient's immune system, making it unable to respond effectively to the treatment of the wound. These factors can be properly controlled, giving particular importance to the ethiology and stage of the wound, as well as the time periods corresponding to the replacement of the dressings. The present research reports a novel foam/soft material, ${{\small}L}$-Cys-g-PCL, with an application for decubitus/pressure ulcers, especially for wounds with a difficult healing process due to infections and constant oxidation of the soft tissues. During this work, the interactions between S. aureus and ${{\small}L}$-Cys-g-PCL foam were studied under conditions that simulate decubitus ulcers; namely, pH and exudate. The effects of duration of grafting (1 or 8 h) and pH (7.0 and 8.9) on wettability, surface energy, swelling, and porosity were also evaluated. Results showed an effective microbicidal activity exhibiting an inhibition ratio of 99.73% against S. aureus. This new ${{\small}L}$-Cys-g-PCL soft material showed saftey to contact skin, ability to be shaped to fill in sunken holes (craters) - pressure ulcers stage III - and to act as a smart material responsive to pH, which can be tailored to develop better swelling properties at alkaline pH where exudates are normally higher, so as to address exudate self-cleaning and prevention of desiccation.

• 한국융합학회논문지
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.197-203
• /
• 2016

본 연구에서는 AHP 분석의 결과로 도출된 TPM의 스텝활동 중 가장 중요한 활동들과 기업성과와의 관계를 모형으로 구축한다. 그리고 이러한 스텝활동들이 매개변수를 통해 기업성과에 영향을 미치는지를 융합적 관점에서 분석하고자 하였다. 4개의 스텝활동인 현장불합리 및 로스개선, 준비 및 5S 활동 기본조건 체계구축, 초기청소, 설비효율의 로스분석을 독립변수로 선정하고 TPM 활동수준을 매개변수로 하여 종속변수인 기업성과에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가를 분석하였다. 분석결과 4개의 스텝활동들은 기업성과에 직접 효과를 나타내고 있지는 않지만, TPM 활동수준이 매개변수로 투입된 경우에는 기업성과에 영향을 미치는 완전매개효과를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, TPM 활동수준은 매개변수로서의 역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 TPM에 참여한 사람들의 설비에 대한 자신감, 자기계발의 의식, 개인 업무에 대한 명확한 관리 등에 대한 인식수준이 높을수록 TPM활동은 성공적으로 기업의 성과에 공헌할 수 있는 것으로 해석할 수 있다.

• 한국결정성장학회지
• /
• 제21권6호
• /
• pp.274-279
• /
• 2011

연소 반응기를 이용하여 고분자 물질에 함유된 할로겐 원소인 브롬과 염소를 정량하기 위한 조건을 연구하였다. 염소농도 측정의 경우, Mohr법이나 전위차 적정법을 이용한 경우가 산-염기 적정법을 이용한 경우보다 분석 데이터 간 편차가 낮게 나타났다. 또한, 연소 반응기에서 단계별로 포집한 용액에 대한 염소와 브롬 측정 결과, 두 원소 모두 증류수를 흡수액으로 사용할 때, 0.3 M NaOH 수용액을 사용할 때보다 더 높은 회수율을 보였으며, 흡수액/세척액에서의 농도가 가스상의 형태로 배출되는 농도에 비해 높은 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 브롬 함량을 측정할 때, 연소 반응기를 이용한 경우가 XRF나 연소-이온크로마토그래피를 이용한 경우에 비해 농도가 상대적으로 낮게 평가되는 것으로 나타났다.

• 멤브레인
• /
• 제26권6호
• /
• pp.470-479
• /
• 2016

담체가 투여된 침지형 막결합 연속회분식 반응기(SMSBR)를 사용한 하수의 고도처리에서 담체가 여과성능과 제거효율에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 담체는 반응기 부피 기준으로 10% 투여하였고, 담체와 분말활성탄을 첨가하지 않은 반응기, 분말활성탄(10 g/L)만을 첨가한 반응기 및 담체와 분말활성탄을 모두 첨가한 반응기를 대조군으로 하였다. COD, T-N 및 T-P에 대한 제거효율은 담체 및 분말활성탄 첨가 유무에 따라 큰 차이가 없었다. 그러나 담체를 첨가하지 않은 경우 막간차압(TMP)은 급격히 증가하였으나, 담체를 첨가한 경우에 막간차압은 매우 서서히 증가하였다. 담체를 투여한 SMSBR를 사용하여 하수를 고도처리 할 때, 91일 이상의 운전기간 동안 막 세정 없이 운전이 가능하였다. 담체만을 투여한 경우, 운전 80일 경과 이후의 COD, T-N 및 T-P 평균 제거율은 각각 95.0, 69.3% 및 51.4%이었다.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
• /
• 제27권1호
• /
• pp.156-164
• /
• 2018

This study analyzed the characteristics of Physical Environment of existing free shuttle bus Interior centered on elderly people who frequently use free shuttle buses. The purpose of this study is to provide basic data that can be used for improvement of existing free shuttle buses. In the case of the old type, in terms of accessible design, the middle entrance is not normally opened except the wheelchair occupant, so that the entrance of the front wheel is always used. Therefore, most elderly people go to the back seat and travel distance is twice longer. In addition, many stairs caused frequent inconveniences for boarding. In the case of the new type, it is planned to be a low-floor type, and various types of safety rods and handles, pictograms for enhancing the information convenience are well-equipped, and the measured value of the overall design characteristic is high. However, in the case of mental stability, it was confirmed that the seat of the bus is colored with a cold color system and is in a different relationship with the warm color which can feel mental stability. Overall, both old and new shuttle buses lack audiovisual feedback on bus routes and route guidance in terms of Supportive design. Also, since the cleaning tools and other miscellaneous items were left in the room, it became an obstacle to space utilization in terms of adaptable design. In terms of safety, both shuttle buses did not come into view with fire extinguishers shaded by miscellaneous items. Therefore, immediate action is unlikely in case of emergency. This problem should be resolved quickly.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
• /
• 제8권3호
• /
• pp.279-292
• /
• 2017

This study was aimed at ultrafiltration (UF) as a pretreatment before reverse osmosis (RO) within the scheme of hybrid reverse osmosis-multistage flush (RO-MSF) desalination. Seawater at elevated temperature (after MSF heat-exchangers) was used as a feed in this process. The pretreatment system was represented as a set of functionally-linked technological segments such as: UF filtration, backwashing, chemical- enhanced backwashing, cleaning, waste disposal, etc. The process represents the sequences of operating cycles. The cycle, in turn, consists of the following unit operations: filtration, backwashing and chemical-enhanced backwashing (CEB). Quantitative assessment was based on the following indicators: normalized permeability, transmembrane pressure, specific energy and water consumption, specific waste generation. UF pre-treatment is accompanied by the following waste streams: $W1=1.19{\times}10$ power of $-2m^3$ (disposed NaOCl with 0.0044% wt.)/$m^3$ (filtrate); $W2=5.95{\times}10$ power of $-3m^3$ (disposed $H_2SO_4$ with 0.052% wt.)/$m^3$(filtrate); $W3=7.26{\times}10$ power of $-2m^3$ (disposed sea water)/$m^3$ (filtrate). Specific energy consumption is $1.11{\times}10$ power of $-1kWh/m^3$ (filtrate). The indicators evaluated over the cycles with conventional (non-chemical) backwashing were compared with the cycles accompanied by CEB. A positive impact of CEB on performance indicators was demonstrated namely: normalized UF resistance remains unchanged within the regime accompanied by CEB, whereas the lack of CEB results in 30% of its growth. Those quantitative indicators can be incorporated into the target function for solving different optimization problems. They can be used in the software for optimisation of operating regimes or in the synthesis of optimal flow- diagram. The cycle characteristics, process parameters and water quality data are attached.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국정보통신학회 2018년도 춘계학술대회
• /
• pp.660-662
• /
• 2018

현대사회에서 나날이 늘어가고 있는 반려견 시장의 증가와 더불어 반려견을 키우는 사람들이 우리들의 삶에 깊숙이 자리 잡고 사회에 영향을 끼치고 있다. 이 추세를 따라 최근에 다양한 제품들이 나오고 있는데 아직 배변패드 자동세척 시스템이라는 기능적 측면으로 아직 많이 발달되어 있지 않은 것으로 생각된다. 일상생활에서 현대인들의 바쁜 사회생활로 인하여 시간, 비용, 환경적 측면으로 반려견들을 관리할 수 있는 여유가 없어서 문제로 발생되고 있다. 이러한 문제들을 방지하고자 아듀 이노와 적외선센서 모듈, 자동펌프 시스템을 개발하려고 한다. 그리고 이를 배변패드 자동세척기를 통해 사용자들에게 더욱 편의를 줄 수 있도록 설계하였다.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2016

This study was conducted by survey and inspection of stair passage leading lights in shopping buildings which are more than 5 stories and have an underground parking lot located at Pyeongtaek-si and Seongnam-si. Number of shopping building for this study is 30 and of stair passage leading light inspected by two lights in each shopping building is 60. The result of this study is that the type of installed leading lights is LED(77%), and 60% of leading lights has problem such as no cleaning, scratch and discoloration, etc. The height of installed leading lights meets the fire law which is less than 1m from the floor. Visible condition of leading lights is good except some leading lights which have a little visible problem due to banner advertisement. 37% of standby power has flickered and went out. 93% of total leading lights meets the fire law which is more than 1lux from 0.5m distance, but cold cathode fluorescent lamps(CCFLs) have the problem which not meets proper brightness level based on fire law. In additional measurement result, zero lux of leading lights is 32%(from 1m distance), 68%(from 1.5m distance) and 98%(from 2m distance). Leading light is very important facility because it is eyes and guide when emergency. Therefore, proper fire facility operating function inspection and total detailed inspection are important to keep the good condition of leading light except simple visual check, and also improvement in law system of type approval, fire construction inspection and illumination level will be needed.

• 멤브레인
• /
• 제26권1호
• /
• pp.55-61
• /
• 2016

저압 침지식 멤브레인을 이용한 해수 담수화 전처리에 있어서 유기 파울링은 막간 압력 증가로 인한 화학 세정 횟수의 증가 및 에너지 소비 증가 등 멤브레인 운전시 문제점들을 야기한다. 조류대응 해수전처리에서 조류가 배출하는 extracellular polymeric substances의 대표물질인 sodium alginate를 이용하여 침지식 여과에서 파울링 현상을 관찰하였다. 공기 폭기가 적용되지 않은 경우 순수한 aglinate 파울링은 농도가 증가하면서 증가하였다. 그러나 공기 폭기를 적용해 준 경우 alginate 파울링 감소는 매우 효과적이었다. 공기 폭기가 없는 경우 칼슘 농도의 증가에 따라 alginate 파울링은 감소하였다. 동일 조건에서 공기 폭기 시 높은 alginate 파울링 감소효과를 나타내었으나 NaCl 농도를 증가시킨 경우 칼슘 농도의 증가에 따라 파울링 제어를 위한 공기 폭기 효과는 감소하였다. 해수와 유사한 높은 NaCl과 칼슘 농도에서 고농도 sodium alginate의 경우 공기 폭기량 증가를 통해 초기 파울링을 감소시킬 수 있었으나 시간의 경과에 따라 상대적으로 낮은 폭기량에서의 파울링 감소 효과와 큰 차이는 없었다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제37권5호
• /
• pp.358-368
• /
• 2011

Objectives: In order to evaluate the association between occupational exposure to chloroethylene (TCE) and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), we conducted a meta-analysis of retrospective cohort studies and casecontrol studies and attempted to summarize the evidence of the association from molecular-epidemiological studies and experiments with human cells. Methods: In the meta-analysis, we restricted the analysis to those studies with data for chlorinated solvents, degreasers, or TCE. Studies involving dry cleaners or launderers were excluded from the analysis because use of TCE as a dry cleaning fluid has been rare since the 1960s. The data were combined using a random-effects model to estimate the summary risks (OR and RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Molecular evidence of the effect of TCE on human immune system were also reviewed and summarized. Results: Occupational exposure to TCE was strongly associated with NHL among cohort studies (number of studies=13, summary RR=1.33, 95% CI=1.04-1.70) whereas the association was not statistically significant among case-control studies (number of studies=15, summary OR=1.10, 0.98-1.23). When exposure level was considered, it became statistically significant for the highest exposure level (number of studies=5, summary OR=1.70, 1.25-2.32). Molecular evidences showed that TCE exposure in human or cultured human cells may cause a significant decrease immune cell subsets and changes in hormone levels related to immune response. Conclusions: Our results from meta-analysis and additional molecular evidence suggest that occupational exposure to TCE may cause NHL. However, unmeasured potential confounding and unclear dose-response relationships warrant further study on the role of TCE exposure in NHL carcinogenesis.