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http://dx.doi.org/10.5668/JEHS.2011.37.5.358

Occupational Exposure to Trichloroethylene and Non-hodgkin Lymphoma Risk  

Chun, Jae-Buhm (Department of Environmental Health, Korea National Open University)
Han, So-Hee (Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine)
Yoon, Hyung-Suk (Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine)
Lee, Eun-Jung (Department of Environmental Health, Korea National Open University)
Lee, Kyoung-Mu (Department of Environmental Health, Korea National Open University)
Publication Information
Journal of Environmental Health Sciences / v.37, no.5, 2011 , pp. 358-368 More about this Journal
Abstract
Objectives: In order to evaluate the association between occupational exposure to chloroethylene (TCE) and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), we conducted a meta-analysis of retrospective cohort studies and casecontrol studies and attempted to summarize the evidence of the association from molecular-epidemiological studies and experiments with human cells. Methods: In the meta-analysis, we restricted the analysis to those studies with data for chlorinated solvents, degreasers, or TCE. Studies involving dry cleaners or launderers were excluded from the analysis because use of TCE as a dry cleaning fluid has been rare since the 1960s. The data were combined using a random-effects model to estimate the summary risks (OR and RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Molecular evidence of the effect of TCE on human immune system were also reviewed and summarized. Results: Occupational exposure to TCE was strongly associated with NHL among cohort studies (number of studies=13, summary RR=1.33, 95% CI=1.04-1.70) whereas the association was not statistically significant among case-control studies (number of studies=15, summary OR=1.10, 0.98-1.23). When exposure level was considered, it became statistically significant for the highest exposure level (number of studies=5, summary OR=1.70, 1.25-2.32). Molecular evidences showed that TCE exposure in human or cultured human cells may cause a significant decrease immune cell subsets and changes in hormone levels related to immune response. Conclusions: Our results from meta-analysis and additional molecular evidence suggest that occupational exposure to TCE may cause NHL. However, unmeasured potential confounding and unclear dose-response relationships warrant further study on the role of TCE exposure in NHL carcinogenesis.
Keywords
Trichloroethylene; Non-hodgkin lymphoma; Occupational exposure; Cohort study; Case-control study; Immune response; Biomarker;
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