• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.49-58
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• 2007

The purpose of this study were to make clear the present condition of indoor thermal and air environment by cooling in school classrooms and to analyze the relation of the living conditions with indoor environment. The measurements on physical elements and observations on living conditions were carried out in 6 classrooms of 3 middle or high schools. Measuring elements were indoor temperature, relative humidity, PM10 and $CO_2$ concentration. As results, the averages of indoor temperature each classrooms were $24.9{\sim}26.6^{\circ}C$. Most of classrooms were lower than the Maintenance standard $(26{\sim}28^{\circ}C)$ of School Health Law. The means of relative humidity were $51.3{\sim}72%$, all classrooms were ranged within the standard $(30{\sim}80%)$. The means of PM10 concentration were $3.5{\sim}23.1{\mu}g/m^3$, all classrooms were kept within the standard $(100{\mu}g/m^3)$. The means of $CO_2$ concentration were $1218.7{\sim}4705.4ppm$, all classrooms were exceed the standard (1,000ppm). The results of analysis on relations of living conditions with the physical elements are as follow; the air conditioner set of temperature, windows and doors opening elapsed time, the number of students in classrooms and activities of students had certain effect on indoor environment.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.83-91
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to clarify the characteristics between the type of daily routine and spatial configuration of activity areas in classroom and provide alternatives for space planning of activity areas in classroom of child-care centers. This study used the content analysis on daily activity plan and floor plans through field survey. Analysis on floor plans was conducted for 35 classrooms in 9 child-care centers which allowed field survey. The results of this study were as follows; There was no significant difference for classroom size according to the type of daily routine in 3 to 5-year-old classrooms. The average size of classrooms was $61.6m^2$ for care oriented type, $41.4m^2$ for indoor activity oriented type and $48.8m^2$ for group activity oriented type. There was no significant difference in composition of activity areas in classrooms according to the type of daily routine. In case of 0 to 2-year-old classrooms, they were composed of 6 activity areas including gross-motor, role play, block building, language, creative expression, exploration/manipulation. Activity area of the most low frequency was gross-motor area. In case of 3 to 5-year-old classrooms, most classrooms were composed of all the 7 activity areas including art, tone and rhythmic, block building, role play, language, math and science. Most accessible and central areas in 0 to 2-year-old classrooms were gross-motor and role play. Also, most separate areas were exploration/manipulation and block building. Most accessible and central areas in 3 to 5-year-old classroom were art and math. Also, most separate areas were tone and rhythmic and science.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.20-27
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• 2002

This study has researched the indoor air Pollution in the school classrooms. It focused on the school classrooms in which the students take part in many loaming activities for a long time, not focused on the offices or underground facilities that have occupied the interest so far. First, I investigated the origination sources of indoor air pollution which influences on our health, and researched the data on the consequences of it on the human body. Second, I measured the indoor air Pollution level of the classrooms in which the students take part in activities. I selected CO, $CO_2,{\;}SO_2,{\;}NO_2$and $PM_{10}$ as the research items. Each two schools were chosen in the elementary schools, middle schools and high schools as the ones for measurement. And I distinguished the boys' schools from the girls' schools in the middle and high schools. CO, $SO_2{\;}and{\;}NO_2$were comparatively low comparing with the recommendation of the Ministry of Environment. But, $CO_2{\;}and{\;}PM_{10}$ exceeded the standard concentration in most schools and there was a difference between boys'classrooms and girls'classrooms about them. Also, it was different by the number of members a classrooms. Third, I made a questionnaire on the on the indoor air pollution. The questionnaire showed that many students feel the indoor air pollution directly and they are under the influence of it.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.113-123
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• 2023

본 논문에서는 국내 초·중·고 및 대학교 학습공간의 음향 상태에 관해 설명하고 국내 교육시설의 음향 기준 제정의 필요성을 제시하였다. 여러 나라의 학교시설 내 다양한 학습공간에서 요구되는 배경소음, 잔향시간, 그리고 차음 설계의 음향 기준을 이해하기 위해 학교시설 음향설계기준 및 지침을 소개하였다. 국내 초·중·고 및 대학교 학습공간의 음향 상태를 파악하기 위해 현장 측정 결과를 바탕으로 하였으며, 그 결과에서는 공석과 만석 상태의 음향 특성, 배경 소음레벨, 그리고 차음성능을 제시하여 비교하였다. 실제 대학 강의 현장에서 좋은 음성 명료도를 성취하기 위한 음향지표 값도 제시하였다.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.37-57
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• 2014

이 연구는 중 고등학교 기술교육 현장의 모습을 그리기 위해 최근 중 고등학교에서 기술교육을 직접 받았던 대학생들의 기술교육에 대한 인식을 조사하였다. 이 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위하여 기술수업에 대한 설문지와 심층 면담을 사용하였다. 기술수업에 대한 설문지 참가자는 2013년 입학한 신입생을 대상으로 사범대학생 10개 학과의 224명과 비 사범대학 9개 학과의 203명을 포함한 427명으로 2013년 3월부터 11월까지 실시하였다. 설문지의 내용은 중 고등학교에서의 기술수업과 교사에 대한 선호도, 기술수업에서의 학습경험, 기술교사에 대한 생각, 그리고 기술교육의 개선방향으로 구성되었고 5점 Likert 척도와 개방형 질문으로 조사하였다. 설문조사를 마친 후 개인 면담 연구 참가 중 희망자 22명 전원을 개별 면담하였다. 수집된 자료를 기반으로 기술통계와 주제 분석이 이루어졌으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 이 연구의 결과 최근 기술교육을 받은 대학 신입생들의 기술수업에 대한 경험은 수업 내용 또는 실습 내용으로 표현되고(54.4%), 부정적인 인식(29.1%)이 긍정적인 인식(16.5%)보다 높게 나타났다. 기술수업에 대한 인식은 주로 수업 내용 외 수업방법과 그들의 흥미의 주제로 표현되었다. 기술교사에 관한 인식은 보통 수준의 선호도를 보였고 교사의 수업 방법, 교사의 태도 또는 성격, 과목에 대한 흥미의 주제로 표현되었다. 이 연구의 참가자들이 가장 많이 경험한 기술수업에서의 수업방법은 강의식 수업(60.48%)이고 문제해결 또는 협동학습은 19.31%였다. 기술교육의 인식 향상과 발전을 위해서 가장 먼저 기술수업방법의 변화를 지적하였고, 학습 환경과 교육과정의 개선, 학습내용에 대한 변화가 필요하다고 제안하였다. 이 연구의 결과를 토대로 기술과 기술교육에 대한 다양한 대중의 인식에 관한 체계적인 후속 연구가 필요할 것이다.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.1001-1013
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• 2008

The purpose of this study were to make clear the actual state of indoor air quality by cooling in private institute classrooms and to analyze influencing factors on indoor air quality. The measurements of physical elements and observations of architectural characteristics and living conditions were carried out in each 1 classroom of 5 private institutes. Measuring elements were indoor temperature, relative humidity, $PM_{10}$, HCHO, CO, and $CO_2$ concentration. As results, the averages of indoor temperature each classroom were $21.7\sim28.1^{\circ}C$. 3 classrooms were lower than the Maintenance standard($26\sim28^{\circ}C$) of School Health Law. The means of relative humidity were 48$\sim$63%, all classrooms were ranged within the standard(30$\sim$80%). The means of $PM_{10}$ concentration were 2.1 $\sim$ 17 $\mu g/m^3$, all classrooms were kept within the standard(100 $\mu g/m^3$). The means of HCHO concentration were 0.02$\sim$0.16 ppm, 2 classrooms were exceed the standard(0.1 ppm). The means of CO concentration were 1.4$\sim$3.6 ppm, all classrooms were kept within the standard(10ppm). The means of $CO_2$ concentration were 1,593$\sim$3,819 ppm, all classrooms were exceed the standard(1,000ppm). The results of analysis on influencing factors of the physical elements are as follow; the air conditioner set of temperature, personal necessities like hair spray, teacher's smoking in corridor, windows and doors opening time, the number of students, and volume of classroom.

• 교육시설 논문지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.3-14
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• 2021

Speech information of teachers is transmitted to students in classrooms so that appropriate aural environment should be provided for academic purposes. Many researches have been undertaken for classroom acoustics, and acoustic standards of domestic classrooms were suggested based on the reverberation time and background noise level. However, these standards are suitable for middle and high schools and so not consider the auditory ability by ages. As a precedent research, the present study was begun to suggest an acoustic standard for lower grade elementary school classrooms with children under age 9 who have not normal auditory ability. In order to do this, acoustic performances of the lower grade classrooms were measured and compared with the general classrooms. Also, change of acoustic parameters depending on the desk layout was measured and analyzed. The measured acoustic parameters were background noise, signal to noise ratio, RT, STI, D₅₀, and IACC. As a result, it was found that background noise is exceed the standard of 35dB(A) at the schools along the road sides. Also, it was shown that most of acoustic parameters are higher in the classrooms built recently rather than the old classrooms. Generally, there are not much difference of acoustic parameters among the various desk layouts but, better acoustic performances are acquired at the center line and the seats near sound source. Also, Higher IACC was measured at the seats on the center line facing the source squarely.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.317-328
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• 2005

This study is a report of the collaborative action research which has been conducted between a Korean earth science teacher and science education researcher. A two-year long action research effort was made in order to improve the teacher’s earth science classrooms in pursuit of constructivist principles of learning. The process of the action research was described with the aim of increasing the awareness of science teachers and science education researchers regarding action research. Quantitative evidence was presented to indicate the effectiveness of the collaborative action research in creating constructivist learning environments in the classrooms. The process and quantitative evidence from the action research permitted a consideration of implications for future efforts to improve science classrooms.

• 교육시설
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.23-35
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• 2000

This study aims at revealing utilization planning by surveying and analyzing unused classrooms of primary schools' facilities between Japan and Korean. Focused on high and multi-functionization, rather qualitative aspect than quantitative. Various and positive utilization planning of unused classrooms are needed. In Japan, unused classrooms of primary schools have already appeared in urban and rural area together. However it has been presented the effective utilization of these facilities even though many schools have tried using those. With these circumstances, Educational Authorities in Japan have researched the utilization methods of these facilities to use as supporting facilities for school education, management and opening to regional communities. Also, they are promoting to refer each school to a guide handbook for unused classrooms. Therefore, this study with some cases between Japan and Korean should be valuable data for effective use and planning of our cases.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈D:수학교육연구
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.167-177
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• 2008

The students' beliefs about mathematics teaching-learning come from the social activities in mathematics classrooms; and the mathematics classroom culture to a large extent decides the social activities in mathematics classrooms. So, the students' beliefs about mathematics teaching-learning are decided indirectly by the mathematics classroom culture mainly. The students' beliefs about mathematics teaching-learning react to the social activities in mathematics classrooms, and the social activities in mathematics classrooms react to the mathematics classroom culture. Therefore, the students' beliefs about mathematics teaching-learning react indirectly to the mathematics classroom culture. So, the relationships between the students' beliefs about mathematics teaching-learning and the mathematics classroom culture are dialectic, and the social activities in mathematics classrooms are the medium. In addition, the relationships have some inspirations to the current mathematics curriculum reform in the mainland China.