• 기록학연구
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• 제2호
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• pp.129-168
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• 2000

$Chos{\check{o}}n$ Dynasty was governed by the words of king, however, if they were not announced by the form of public document, they were useless. Therefore, the form of public document was the symbol of governing activity, and it was very important to manage the public record in operating the nation affairs. However, the point we should consider is that $Chos{\check{o}}n$ Dynasty, in the case of managing the public record, edited 'the original' instead of preserving them. And so, the preservation of the public record was deeply related to the editing of history. In Late Korea dynasty, the management of the public record got into utter confusion and so many troubles were occurred. In order to resolve these problems, the movements which innovated the public record managements system was gradually extended. This movements were continued in $Chos{\check{o}}n$ Dynasty. Finally, through the several modification procedures, the rules of public record management were legislated by 'Kyong Kuk Dae Jeon'(經國大典). Especially, by laws of 'Kyong Kuk Dae Jeon', not only the daily records of Secretary Department(承政院) but also the important documents which was related to the government branch should be booked in the last decade of the year and the number of the books had to be reported to the king. This rule made certification of the fact that the king was the last confirmer of the public record management. In addition, through the procedure of printing the record of the national affairs, and the diplomatic once in three years, and then preserving that public record in the National Department(議政府), other departments responsible and the archives, the National Department practically took part in the public record management. The management system was also changed in order that the public record was virtually used and consulted before taking the procedure of immortal preservation. All public documents were classified by the definite rule and filed in a same volume. After classifying and filing, certainly, for making convenience of reference and application of public record, records were indicated by the paper card. It may be that, after the step of reference, application and indicating, the public documents were gradually transferred to the next step. In these procedures, Early $Chos{\check{o}}n$ public documents system was confirmed.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.86-98
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• 2019

Objectives: This study analyzes the electronic medical record (EMR) data of the spine specialist oriental hospital and clinic in various regions, and reports the actual number and used cases of Chuna therapy. Methods: 2,470,772 data was extracted retrospectively from electronic medical records of all inpatients and outpatients who were treated chuna therapy at 21 Korean medicine hospitals and clinics from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018. The characteristics of medical treatment using chuna therapy reflect the minimum, maximum and average values of the number of hospitalized patients, length of hospitalization, frequency of hospitalization, number of outpatients, frequency of treatment and frequency of visit. Diseases were classified in the proportion of Chuna treatment according to the KCD, 7th edition. The chuna and blindness charts were derived accordingly from illness and disease of each part of the body. Results: During the study period, a total 1,342,022 inpatients and outpatients visited the study sites. The male proportion was a little higher than the females' (male: 53.7%, female: 46.3%). According to age, the 30s and 40s were more than half the total(30s: 33.0% and 40s: 20.1%). Chuna therapy was treated to more outpatients than hospitalized patients (outpatient: 83.6%, hospitalization: 16.4%), and most treatments were related to musculoskeletal illness(99.06%). Conclusions: As a result of this study, 1,342,389 chuna therapy was performed in 21 hospitals for one year. As highly demanded by the public, we look forward to ensuring national health care options and medical access when health insurance for chuna therapy is applied beginning March 2019.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제21권9호
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• pp.19-30
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• 2021

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is one of common chronic diseases leading to severe health complications that may cause death. The disease influences individuals, community, and the government due to the continuous monitoring, lifelong commitment, and the cost of treatment. The World Health Organization (WHO) considers Saudi Arabia as one of the top 10 countries in diabetes prevalence across the world. Since most of the medical services are provided by the government, the cost of the treatment in terms of hospitals and clinical visits and lab tests represents a real burden due to the large scale of the disease. The ability to predict the diabetic status of a patient without the laboratory tests by performing screening based on some personal features can lessen the health and economic burden caused by diabetes alone. The goal of this paper is to investigate the prediction of diabetic and prediabetic patients by considering factors other than the laboratory tests, as required by physicians in general. With the data obtained from local hospitals, medical records were processed to obtain a dataset that classified patients into three classes: diabetic, prediabetic, and non-diabetic. After applying three machine learning algorithms, we established good performance for accuracy, precision, and recall of the models on the dataset. Further analysis was performed on the data to identify important non-laboratory variables related to the patients for diabetes classification. The importance of five variables (gender, physical activity level, hypertension, BMI, and age) from the person's basic health data were investigated to find their contribution to the state of a patient being diabetic, prediabetic or normal. Our analysis presented great agreement with the risk factors of diabetes and prediabetes stated by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and other health institutions worldwide. We conclude that by performing class-specific analysis of the disease, important factors specific to Saudi population can be identified, whose management can result in controlling the disease. We also provide some recommendations learnt from this research.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.337-343
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• 2021

Objectives: To investigate effectiveness and satisfaction of applying critical pathway (CP) to Hwa-byung outpatients. Methods: Subjects were 32 outpatients who were diagnosed with Hwa-byung between January 1 and 2021 to October 31, 2021. Among these patients, 18 patients were applied with CP and 14 patients received treatment without applying CP. Their medical records and administration records were retrospectively analyzed. Data were analyzed by mean, standard deviation, and t-test using SPSS 26.0 program. Results: Mean total treatment period significantly decreased in the CP group compared with the non-CP group. Medical expenses were classified by treatment period, per visit, and patient charges per type of visit. When analyzed specifically by detailed items, there was a decreasing tendency in total medical expenses, uncovered medical expenses, and patient charges but an increasing tendency in covered medical expenses, although some of these changes were not statistically significant. Satisfaction score increased in the CP group compared with the non-CP group in general, although not all increases were statistically significant. Conclusions: Applying CP may contribute to the reduction of medical expenses and improvement of medical service quality. Further research on the development of CP for various diseases and the application of CP under various circumstances is needed.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.117-124
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• 2022

Recognizing the problem that the definition of the term pan-ock does not appear precisely in the dictionary, the definition of pan-ock was established through analysis by analyzing 183 cases of pan-ock searched in the Korean Classics DB and classifying them into buildings and ships. First of all, the 65 pan-ocks classified as architecture were used in various ways, such as residences, religious facilities, jang-pan-ocks, and prisons, depending on their use. Second, the 90 cases of pan-ock related to ships were the concept of houses that combine work and accommodation on ships. Finally, through military installations, literary expressions, and bureaucrats who have seen trains and wagons, Pan-ock uses boards. It can be used for walls or roofs only, or for both walls and roofs. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the case of the Joseon Dynasty with the definition of Pan-ock in the existing dictionary. In other words, Pan-ock refers to "houses, religious facilities, royal tombs, and prisons, with various uses and forms. In addition, it refers to the joining of only the wall or the roof with planks, or the joining of both the wall and the roof," suggesting a broader interpretation of the category.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제56권2호
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• pp.108-116
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• 2023

Background: Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) has recently gained popularity as an adjunct to resuscitation of patients with traumatic shock. However, the effectiveness of REBOA is still debated because of inconsistent indications across centers and the lack of medical records. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness and feasibility of REBOA by analyzing clinical results from a single center. Methods: This study included 96 patients who underwent REBOA between August 2016 and September 2021 at a regional trauma center according to the center's treatment algorithm for traumatic shock. Medical records, including the time of the decision to conduct the REBOA procedure, time of operation, type of aortic occlusion, and clinical outcomes, were collected prospectively and analyzed retrospectively. Patients were classified by REBOA protocol (group 1, 2, or 3) and survival status (survivor or non-survivor) for analysis. Results: The overall success rate of the procedure was 97.9%, and the survival rate was 32.6%. In survivors, blood pressure was higher than in non-survivors both before the REBOA procedure (p=0.002) and after aortic occlusion (p=0.03). The total aortic occlusion time was significantly shorter (p=0.001) and the proportion of partial aortic occlusion was significantly higher (p=0.014) among the survivors. The non-survivors had more acidosis (p<0.001) and higher lactate concentrations (p<0.001) than the survivors. Conclusion: REBOA may be a feasible bridge therapy for resuscitation of patients with traumatic shock. Prompt and accurate decision-making to perform REBOA followed by damage control surgery could improve survival rates and clinical outcomes.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.111-122
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• 2009

비유일수별로 변화하는 유생산기록을 305일로 보정하기 위하여, 분만 시 나이와 분만계절, 산차를 고려한 305일 보정계수를 개발하였고, 비선형적 특성에 적합하고 사용을 용이하게 하는 거듭제곱 함수 형태의 보정 공식을 개발하였다. 각각의 보정계수가 얼마나 정확하게 기록을 보정 할 수 있는 지 측정하기 위하여 실제 305일 누적 착유량 및 개체별 누적 착유량 평균과의 오차를 비교 분석 한 결과 새롭게 개발된 보정계수의 오차가 가장 적게 나타났으며, 이를 토대로 한 보정공식 역시 작은 오차를 나타냈다. 유생산량의 평균치가 최근까지 많이 증가하였음에도 불구하고 2산 이상의 개체에서 2002년에 개발된 보정계수의 오차가 낮게 나타난 것으로 보아 앞으로의 보정계수 개발에는 2002년 보정계수 개발에 사용되었던 건유효과에 대한 부분을 추가해야 더 정확하게 보정할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. 유량에서의 보정계수 개발 및 보정식 개발 방법으로 유지방, 유단백, 무지고형분량에 대해서도 비유 일수 305일째의 누적량으로 보정할 수 있는 보정 공식을 개발하였다.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.195-204
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• 2013

가뭄은 불가피성과 반복성을 가진 자연 현상이므로 가뭄 발생 전 사전대비계획과 가뭄발생시 가뭄관리체계 구축을 통해 그 피해를 최소화해야 한다. 본 연구에서는 대상지역의 가뭄심도를 평가하여 가뭄상황에 대처하고자 우리나라에 적합한 가뭄 분류기준을 제시하였다. 관측년수 30년 이상의 강우자료를 확보한 61개 지점에 대해 1973년부터 37년 기간의 월강우량 자료를 사용하였고, 현재 국가에서 사용하고 있는 가뭄상황단계를 그대로 적용하여 가뭄 구간을 총 4등급으로 구분하였다. 기존의 주요 가뭄발생현황을 참고하여 우리나라에 맞는 가뭄심도의 분류기준을 가뭄 발생의 누가확률 98~100%는 예외적인 가뭄, 94-98%는 극심 가뭄, 90~94%는 심한 가뭄, 86~90%는 보통 가뭄으로 구분하였다. 각 지점의 가뭄지수(SPI, PDSI)를 내림차순으로 작성하여 가뭄심도 분류기준에 맞는 가뭄지수의 정량적 값을 산정하였다. SPI와 PDSI의 가뭄심도 분류 결과와 실제 가뭄을 비교하기 위해 년 단위 비교와 월 단위 비교를 분석한 결과, 년 단위 비교와 SPI의 월 단위 비교는 각 지역의 가뭄지수 평가가 대부분 일치하게 나타났으나 같은 기간의 PDSI의 월 단위 비교는 일치하지 않는 기간도 나타났다. 이는 이들 지수의 상호보완에 대한 추후 연구의 필요성을 보여주는 것으로 판단되었다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.710-714
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• 2009

Several studies showed that the survival rate of stage IIIB disease with malignant pleural effusion is worse than stage IIIB disease without malignant effusion. But, malignant pleural effusion was considered T4. To analyze changes the survival time for malignant pleural effusion, in the seventh revision of TNM classification for lung cancer. The records of all patients had to have either a histological or cytological diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), who were admitted to Wonkwang university hospital between January 2004 and December 2006 were reviewed retrospectively. We evaluated the survival time of 187 patients with advanced lung cancer with and without malignant pleural effusion. This included the pleural effusion or nodule M1 a (pleural dissemination, currently classified as T4), nodule(s) in the other lung M1 a (contralateral lung nodule, currently classified as M1), nodule(s) with the same lobe as the primary tumor T3 (currently classified as T4), other T4 factors T4 (T4 MO anyN), and extrathoracic sites of disease M1b (distant metastasis, currently classified M1). Among the 187 patients, T4anyNMO was 57 patients in the current TNM classification. In the next edition of the TNM classification, T4MOanyN-T4 (excluding same lobe nodules) was 12 patients, pleural dissemiantion-M1a was 45 patients, contralateral lung nodule(s)-M1a was 7 patients, and metastatic disease-M1b was 55 patients. We compared the survival time for these groups. Survival time was 11 months, 8 months, 11 months, and 4 months. The survival time of malignant pleural effusion was shorter than other T4 factors without pleural effusion. But, there was no remarkable difference in statistics due to small cases (p=0.23). We strongly suggest that malignant pleural effusion in advanced NSCLC will be categorized with metastatic disease.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.21-44
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• 1988

In Korea, fee-for service reimbursement has been adopted from the begining of medical insurance system in 1977, and the importance of the relative value unit is currently being investigated. The purpose of this study was to find out the level of propriety of the difference in the fees for different surgical services, and the appropriateness of the classification of the insurance fee schedule. For the purpose of this study, specific subjects and the procedural methodology is shown as follows: 1. The propriety of the Relative Price System(RPS). 1) Choice of sample operations. In this study, sample operations were selected and classified by specialists in general surgery, and the number of items they classified were 32. For the same group of operations the Insurance Fee Schedule(IFS) classified the operations into 24 separate items. In order to investigate the propriety of the RPS, one of the purpose of this study, was to examine the 24 items classified by the IFS. 2) Evaluation of the complexity of surgery. The data used in this study was collected The data used in this study was collected from 94 specialists in general surgery by mail survey from November I to 15, 1986. Several independent variables (age, location, number of bed, university hospital, whether the medical institution adopt residents or not) were also investigated for analysis of the characteristics of surgical complexity. 3) Complexity and time calculations. Time data was collected from the records of the Seoul National University' Hospital, and the cost per operation was calculated through cost finding methods. 4) Analysis of the propriety of the Relative Price System of the Insurance Fee Schedule. The Relative Price System of the sample operation was regressed on the cost, time, comlexity relative ,value system (RVS) separately. The coefficient of determination indicates the degree of variation in the RPS of the Insurance Fee Schedule explained by the cost, time, complexity RVS separately. 2. The appropriateness of the classification of the Insurance Fee Schedule. 1) Choice of sample operations. The items which differed between the classification of the specialist and the classification of medical, Insurance Fee Schedule were chosen. 2) Comparisons of cost, time and complexity between the items were done to evaluate which classification was more appropriate. The findings of the study can be summarized as follows: 1. The coefficient of determination of the regression of the RPS on-cost RVS was 0.58, on time RVS was 0.65, and on complexity RVS was 0.72. This means that the RPS of Insurance Fee Schedule is improper with respect to the cost, time, complexity separately. Thus this indicates that RPS must be re-shaped according to the standard element. In this study, the correlation coefficients of cost, time, complexity Relative Value System were very high, and this suggests that RPS could be reshaped I according to anyone standard element. Considering of measurement, time was thought to be the most I appropriate. 2. The classifications of specialist and of the Insurance Fee Schedule were compared with respect to cost, time, and complexity separately. For complexity, ANOVA was done and the others were compared to the different values of different classifications. The result was that the classification of specialist was more reasonable and that the classification of Insurance Fee Schedule grouped inappropriately several into one price unit.