• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.267-273
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• 2004

Objectives : This study was aimed at investigating the medical service utilization pattern of patients who use public medical aid compared to those who have health insurance. Methods : We selected every patient between the age of 18 and 69 who used public medical aid from January 1, 1999, to December 31, 2001, in Gwangju metropolitan city, South Korea. For comparison, a list of patients with health insurance was gathered for same period. Then the medical records of those who had been hospitalized for acute appendicitis were selected among both groups. Of those records, we compared the number of cases of ruptured appendicitis to cases of whole acute appendicitis in both groups. Regarding coding for ruptured appendicitis, International Classification of Diseases - 10 (ICD-10) was used. Multiple logistic regression was used as a statistical tool to determine the effectiveness of risk factors. Results : Even after adjusting for risk factors, such as age and sex, the proportion of perforation of acute appendicitis among public medical aid patients was found to be significantly higher than among insured patients. Conclusions : This comparative study on ruptured appendicitis among public medical aid patients and insured patients, indicates that the proportion of perforation of acute appendicitis could be an index showing that these types of patients utilize medical services differently than insured patients. We know that when abdominal pain is not properly treated at the outset, it easily develops into ruptured appendicitis complicated with peritonitis. Considering this data analysis, we guess the public medical aid system to have significant problem with medical accessibility. So additional and systematic research on the pattern of utilization of medical services of public medical aid patients is needed.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.74-84
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• 2017

Soil erosion is often extreme in Korea due to high rainfall intensities and steep slopes, and climate change has also increased the risk of erosion. Despite its significane, erosion-induced soil organic carbon (SOC) emission and water resource loss are not well understood, along with the lack of an integrated surface soil erosion protection policy. Therefore, to design adequate protection policies, land users, scientists, engineers and decision makers need proper information about surface soil and watershed properties related to greenhouse gas emission potential and water conservation capability, respectively. Assuming the total soil erosion of $346Tg\;yr^{-1}$, soil organic matter (SOM) content of 2% (58% of SOM is SOC), and mineralization rate of 20% of the displaced carbon, erosion-induced carbon emission could reach $800Gg\;C\;yr^{-1}$. Also the available water capacity of the soil was estimated to be 15.8 billion tons, which was 14 times higher than the yearly water supply demand in Seoul, Korea. Therefore, in order to prevent of soil erosion, this study proposes a three-stage plan for surface soil erosion prevention: 1) classification of soil erosion risk and scoring of surface soil quality, 2) selection of priority areas for conservation and best management practices (BMP), and 3) application of BMP and post management.

• 한국전통조경학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.154-158
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• 2011

본 연구는 조경공사 표준품셈의 개정 작업이 진행되고 있는 현시점에서 한국의 조경공사 표준품셈과 일본의 공원식재공사 표준보괘의 식재 공종의 내용의 특성을 비교하여, 향후 한국의 조경공사 표준품셈의 발전에 기여하는데 연구의 초점을 두고 진행하였다. 표준품셈과 표준보괘의 특성을 파악하기 위해서 한국의 경우는 2010년 '국토해양부'에서 제정한 건설공사 표준품셈 공종내의 조경공사를 연구 대상으로 하였다. 또한 일본의 경우도 2010년 '국토교통성' 제정 토목공사 표준보괘의 공원식재공사 표준보괘를 연구대상으로 하였다. 그리고 한국의 조경공사 표준품셈과 일본의 공원식재공사 표준보괘 공종 중에서 식재 공종에 초점을 두고 품셈의 범위, 세부 공종, 품셈의 구성, 수목 적용 규격, 품셈의 내용 등의 비교를 연구의 내용적 범위로 한정하였다. 한국의 조경공사 표준품셈과 일본의 공원식재공사 표준보괘의 식재 공종의 내용을 비교하여본 결과, 한국의 조경공사 표준품셈은 독립적인 품셈과 품셈의 적용에 있어 융통성이 필요하다. 그리고 지주목에 대한 독립적인 품셈과 운반에 관한 품셈 규정 그리고 조경토와 관련된 품셈 등의 검토를 통하여 한국의 조경공사 표준품셈이 더욱 발전할 수 있다고 판단된다.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.71-84
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was performed to assess the benefits of Alcoholics anonymous program for anxiety and depression of alcoholics. And we investigate Sasang constitution in Alcoholics Anonymous(A.A.) members to study relation between alcoholic and constitution. Methods : 21 members of A.A. groups in korea who agreed to the purpose of this study were selected. We evaluated anxiety by BAl, depression by BDI-II and sasang constitution by QSCCII+. Results : The research result is as follows. 1. Eighteens of 21 A.A. members are men and the rest are women. First alcohol drinking age(mean) is 15. Getting alcohol drunk age(mean) is 20.9. 2. The duration of alcohol drinking before A.A. participation(mean) is 20.2 years. The duration of giving up drinking after A.A. participation(mean) is 26.5 months. 3. A.A. program significantly reduced anxiety of A.A. members from 10.43${\pm}$1.37(mean${\pm}$S.E.)(light anxiety) to 6.86${\pm}$1.24(normal). 4. A.A. program significantly reduced depression of A.A. members from 4.14${\pm}$1.14(mean${\pm}$S.E)(normal) to 2.33${\pm}$0.75(normal) in the statistics, but it does not have the meaning clinically. 5. Sasang constitution classification result was Taeum group 10 people(47.6%), Soyang group 9 people(42.9%), Soeum group 2peopleC9.5%), Taeyang group 0 people(0%), Taeum group and Soyang group were relatively more than Soeum group. Conclusions : Participation in the A.A. program reduce anxiety and depression of A.A. members. This research provide data on positive effect of A.A. program and may prove that the self-help program(A.A.) can help to maintain long term sobriety and improve the quality of life of its members.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.40-45
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• 2010

Purpose: Recently, the performance of the X-ray tube was very much improved by the power generation of the technology. However, the overload of equipment is occurred by the increment of the equipment operating time according to the increment of the examination number of cases. The X-ray dose can change by heat occurrence of the X-ray tube due to this. Moreover, the change of the bone mineral density value is possible to occur. Therefore, We tries to whether the change of the bone mineral density value of each equipment according to the difference of the examination number of cases and operating time occur or not. Materials and Methods: The BMD value was measured by the Aluminum Spine Phantom and the European Spine Phantom in each equipment, in order to find out about the difference of the time general classification bone mineral density value by using the Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. And after scanning each phantom by using X-ray dose meter (Unfors Mult-O-Meter), a dose was measured by the same condition. As to, an average and standard deviation were found and the change of each equipment much BMD value was compared and it evaluated. Results: $Mean{\pm}SD$ of each equipment by using the Aluminum Spine Phantom, A equipment was $1.174{\pm}0.002$, $1.171{\pm}0.005$, $1.173{\pm}0.005$, B equipment was $1.186{\pm}0.003$, $1.187{\pm}0.003$, $1.185{\pm}0.003$, C equipment was $1.180{\pm}0.003$, $1.182{\pm}0.004$, $1.183{\pm}0.002$, D equipment was $1.188{\pm}0.004$, $1.185{\pm}0.003$, $1.185{\pm}0.004$. By using the European Spine Phantom, A equipment was $1.143{\pm}0.006$, $1.153{\pm}0.009$, $1.161{\pm}0.003$, B equipment was $1.134{\pm}0.004$, $1.13{\pm}0.008$, $1.127{\pm}0.015$, C equipment was $1.143{\pm}0.006$, $1.134{\pm}0.01$, $1.133{\pm}0.006$, D equipment was $1.14{\pm}0.001$, $1.122{\pm}0.002$, $1.131{\pm}0.008$, altogether included in the normal range. Conclusion: There was no significant change of the BMD value of using a phantom by time zones. Therefore, if the quality control is made to use the extent management method of the equipment for beginning in the present application, the reliability of the BMD equipment will be able to be enhanced.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제59권8호
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• pp.17.1-17.13
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• 2017

Background: Omega-3 long-chain (${\geq}C_{20}$) polyunsaturated fatty acids (${\omega}3$ LC-PUFA) confer important attributes to health-conscious meat consumers due to the significant role they play in brain development, prevention of coronary heart disease, obesity and hypertension. In this study, the ${\omega}3$ LC-PUFA content of raw and cooked Longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) muscle from genetically divergent Australian prime lambs supplemented with dietary degummed crude canola oil (DCCO) was evaluated. Methods: Samples of LTL muscle were sourced from 24 first cross ewe and wether lambs sired by Dorset, White Suffolk and Merino rams joined to Merino dams that were assigned to supplemental regimes of degummed crude canola oil (DCCO): a control diet at 0 mL/kg DM of DCCO (DCCOC); 25 mL/kg DM of DCCO (DCCOM) and 50 mL/kg DCCO (DCCOH). Lambs were individually housed and offered 1 kg/day/head for 42 days before being slaughtered. Samples for cooked analysis were prepared to a core temperature of $70^{\circ}C$ using conductive dry-heat. Results: Within raw meats: DCCOH supplemented lambs had significantly (P < 0.05) higher concentrations of eicosapentaenoic (EPA, $20:5{\omega}3$) and EPA + docosahexaenoic (DHA, $22:6{\omega}3$) acids than those supplemented with DCCOM or DCCOC; Dorset sired lambs contained significantly (P < 0.05) more EPA and EPA + DHA than other sire breeds; diet and sire breed interactions were significant (P < 0.05) in affecting EPA and EPA + DHA concentrations. In cooked meat, ${\omega}3$ LC-PUFA concentrations in DCCOM (32 mg/100 g), DCCOH (38 mg/100 g), Dorset (36 mg/100 g), White Suffolk (32 mg/100 g), ewes (32 mg/100 g) and wethers (33 mg/100 g), all exceeded the minimum content of 30 mg/100 g of edible cooked portion of EPA + DHA for Australian defined 'source' level ${\omega}3$ LC-PUFA classification. Conclusion: These results present that combinations of dietary degummed crude canola oil, sheep genetics and culinary preparation method can be used as effective management tools to deliver nutritionally improved ${\omega}3$ LC-PUFA lamb to meat consumers.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.219-225
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• 2011

본 연구는 특수미 품종의 쌀 배유 특성을 조사하고 기류 분급에 의한 쌀가루를 제조하여 특성 변화와 제빵 가공적성을 검토하였다. 품종별 배유 특성을 살펴보면 높은 아밀로오스 함량, 긴 아밀로펙틴 측쇄사슬 비율, 낮은 팽윤력, 높은 호화온도, 낮은 호화점도의 특성을 가진 품종은 제빵 가적성에는 바람직하지 못한 영향을 주어 빵의 비체적 특성이 저조하였다. 또한 제분에 의한 품종별 쌀가루 특성 변화 및 제빵 특성 비교에서 다른 품종에 비해 쌀알의 경도가 낮은 연질의 설갱은 기류식 제분 조건에 크게 영향을 받지 않고 미분화가 잘 되어 약 $60{\mu}m$의 미세한 입자크기를 가지면서 손상전분 함량이 가장 낮은 특성을 보였다. 품종별 제분에 따른 쌀가루의 입자크기가 작을수록 빵의 부피가 감소하고 비체적이 낮아지는 경향을 나타내었으나 설갱벼는 가장 우수한 빵의 모양과 높은 비체적을 보였다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.77-81
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• 1998

득량만 해수에 대한 세균학적 수질을 평가하여 수출용 패류생산지정 해역수질에 합당한가를 파악함과 동시에 지표세균의 조성, 병원성 세균등을 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 득량만 해수의 세균학적 수질은 만 안쪽의 연동지선의 일부해역 (area IV)을 제외하고는 수출용패류의 생산해역의 수질기준에 합당하였다. 2. 대장균군의 최확수는 해수 100ml당 <\;3.0\~4600$의 범위였으며 230을 초과하는 시료의 비율은 $7.4\%$였고, 분변계대장균의 최확수는 $<\;30\~1,100$의 범위였으며 43을 초과하는 시료의 비율은 $8.5\%$로 한계치 $10\%$에 미달하였다. 3. 강우시에는 비강우시에 비하여 세균 오염도가 높았으며 특히 93mm의 강우가 있은 48시간 이후에도 비강우시의 $6\~7$배나 높은 세균오염도를 나타내었다. 4. 대장균군의 분류결과 Escherichia coli가 약 $54\%$나 되어 오염원의 주류가 분변오염임을 알 수 있었다 5. 살모넬라, 시겔라, 콜레라균 등 수인성 병원세균은 검출되지 않았다. 6. 병원성 비브리오균은 여름철인 $6\~8$월 사이에는 시료의 $15\~20\%$에서 양성으로 나타났다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.85-91
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• 2016

Purpose - Recently, the importance of rapid change in business models is more and more increasing as the change of information technology environment. Therefore, a variety of business models have emerged. On the other hand, there is no company that can generate revenue. Many enterprises are still maintained while they are changing only their appearance of the business model. Business model is important in e-commerce. However, a lot of researches are targeted only in Web sites. Thus, e-commerce companies do not have the infrastructure for measuring and business models. The purpose of paper is to evaluate factors which are related with the structuring of the e-commerce success. And it proposed a financial items and non-financial items. From the perspectives of administrators and managers, the paper researches the possibility for E-Commerce Evaluation Model as a valuable criteria in measuring business model. Research design, data and methodology - The methods are taken by the classification for the type of business-to-business transactions, transactions subject, and the degree of integration and innovation capabilities. Financial and Non-financial value is used to build E-Commerce Evaluation Model. Evaluation items in Administration's perspective are composed with enhance the effectiveness of the mission, improving efficiency of the administration, and control of costs. Evaluation items in the customer's perspective were measured by customer participation and cooperation with customer Satisfaction. In the case of researching the information system's perspective, three criteria are used such as adequacy of the development process, improvement of the quality of service, and maintenance of standardized information technology. In researching for the ICT competence's perspective, evaluation items were composed of enhanced user capabilities, utilizing new technologies, and empowerment of information workers. Results - In this paper, E-Commerce Evaluation Model with financial and non-financial perspectives shows the possibility to be criteria in the case of measuring business model. Moreover, it gives the positive expectation to be successful criteria. But the research may have ambiguity in its essential concept because it cannot avoid the limitation in selecting evaluation tools from merely the model. It is impossible to exclude the possibility in omitting specific properties which may take place in actual case study. Therefore, In hereafter research, it is necessary to include actual case study research in selecting evaluation tools in order to improve the limit point. Actual measurement items which are derived from actual case study should be subdivided, and it would be more effective to complete the research. Conclusions - In rapid change in business models, there are various kinds of business models. But it is general situation that companies which adopted business models have not brought in revenue. For this reason, E-Commerce Evaluation Model is needed as an important factor for the structuring of the e-commerce success. Although it has the limitation in selecting evaluation tools from model, E-Commerce Evaluation Model proposes the implication for measuring business models as a valuable criteria.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.29-43
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• 2012

This study evaluated 23 botanic gardens and arboretums under two main categories including professional group and operational group. As for professional group, the main difference between the functions of botanic gardens and arboretums was analyzed. In the case of operational group compared professional group respectively, on categories including importance of function and implementation, seeking to provide fundamental data of botanic gardens and arboretums by enhancing the quality of visitors and examining functional differences. The result of a difference in arboretums' function between professional and operational groups, the study analyzed the importance of botanic gardens and arboretums in terms of detailed categories such as research, education, collection, display, retention, and service for visitors. As a result, professional group showed retention 4.32>education 4.11>research 4.09>service for visitors 4.05, and operational group showed retention 3.70>service 3.52>education 3.41>research 3.37, indicating that both groups had retention as the most selected answer. Looking closely at the functions of the currently implemented detailed categories of botanic gardens and arboretums, such as research, education, collection, display, retention, and service for visitors, the study showed that 91.3% selected rare species and individual multiplication for research function, 78.3% chose education of natural ecosystem for children for education, 73.9% answered space for experiencing nature for display, and 73.9% also replied managon, diof rare species, reproduction, and retention of native plants' species for retention category, and service for visitors showed 95.7% for implementation. The study could not clearly point out the influence between predictors due to absence of an established comprehensive evaluation model. Also, it analyzed and reviewed comparison of functions of professional group and operational group, but in the future, it should conduct study on a systemic and objective classification of botanic gardens and arboretums to clearly examine the difference in views between groups, which also requires, at the same time, study on management policy of botanic gardens and arboretums or suggesting guidelines that suit types of forms, and also study on facilities and program development that can be applied to each class.