• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.280-291
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• 2020

Objectives: Hazard classification is a controversial issue in the new MSDS system in which chemical companies have to prepare and submit MSDS for chemicals that they manufacture or import to the competent authorities according to the amended Occupational Safety and Health Act. The aim of this study is to suggest how to apply and manage harmonized hazard classification criteria and results by investigating current hazard classification systems and trends. Methods: The domestic issues about different hazard classification criteria and results were investigated by reviewing the literature and business outcomes regarding KOSHA. We also checked official and unofficial reports from the UN to understand international discussion about the topic. Chemical hazard classification results from agencies providing chemical information were analyzed to compare a harmonized rate between classifications. Furthermore, a field survey of a few chemical companies was conducted. Results: Under the related competent authorities, an integrated standard proposal was developed to harmonize the domestic hazard classification criteria. Although harmonized chemical information is strongly needed, we recognized the uncertainty and difficulty of harmonized hazard classification from the UN global list project review. In practice the harmonization rate of the classification was generally low between the classification in KOSHA, MoE, and EU CLP. Among hazard classes, health hazards largely led the disharmony. The field survey revealed a change of perception that the main body of chemical information production is manufacturers. Approaches and solutions about hazard classification issues differed depending on business size, types of chemical handling, and other factors. Conclusions: We proposed reasonable ways by time and step to apply hazard classification in the new MSDS system. Chemical manufacturers should make and offer chemical information including responsible hazard classifications. The government should primarily accept these classifications, evaluate them by priority, and support or supervise workplaces in order to communicate reliable chemical information.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.93-107
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• 2000

Korea follows the Korea standard classification of disease and causes of death according to the ICD(international classification of disease) Oriental medicine began to of officially follow the classification of disease for using the Korean classification of diseases in 1972. The classification of OM(oriental medicine) has changed in shape experiencing two amendments. The largest difficulty was to overcome the different names of diseases between OM and ICD. A one-to-one correspondence of the name of a disease between OM and ICD is impossible So in the primary stage one-to-one and one-to-many correspondence was made. During the first amendment the international disease names were re-classified on the oriental medicine disease name's basis and at the same time the classification of OM was corresponded on a one-to-one basis to the ICD . During the second amendment this changed to many-to-many correspondence . Analyzing the history of classification of OM during the first and second amendments, it was discovered that establishment of the standards of classification, the unification of oriental medical terms, and overcoming the difference of disease names between the OM and ICD is necessary Also th classification and standardazation of OM must not stop as a single round. It must go on for a long time. The hosts of this project Korean oriental medical society and AKOM(association of korean oriental medicine) need to build a independant department which will supervise the classification project and monitor any problems to come up. Also a route through which suggestions can be taken in and new solutions can be brought up needs to be secured and an atmosphere in which studies can take place about the basis of classifications needs to be developed.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.633-640
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• 2001

In this paper we examine the machine learning issues raised by the domain of the Intrusion Detection Systems(IDS), which have difficulty successfully classifying intruders. There systems also require a significant amount of computational overhead making it difficult to create robust real-time IDS. Machine learning techniques can reduce the human effort required to build these systems and can improve their performance. Genetic algorithms are used to improve the performance of search problems, while data mining has been used for data analysis. Data Mining is the exploration and analysis of large quantities of data to discover meaningful patterns and rules. Among the tasks for data mining, we concentrate the classification task. Since classification is the basic element of human way of thinking, it is a well-studied problem in a wide variety of application. In this paper, we propose a classifier system based on genetic algorithm, and the proposed system is evaluated by applying it to IDS problem related to classification task in data mining. We report our experiments in using these method on KDD audit data.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.18 no.35
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• pp.17-24
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• 1995

The classification of quality costs by item is essencial to sum up the entire quality cost but the reality of classifying the quality cost by the firm is facing with difficulty in terms of grouping the concerned items. Meanwhile, the classification of items and calculating method of quality costs should be prepared in adcance with a certain standards and or regulations to figure out the accurate quality costs successfuly. This case study provides the contents of quality costs calulated by item and the method of calculation in detail which is applicable to automobile component industry md, also introduce how to set up the computing system of quality costs.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.25-36
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• 1991

For the purpose of extending the fields of biological preconceptual studies, the conceptions of plant classification, which have not been researched on them in korea, were selected and a questionnaire were administered to a sample of a total of 965 students at elementary and secondary school levels of korea. Many elementary school students have the alternative conceptions that plants are not alive. The misconceptions in plant classification are partly caused by the uncertainty of biological terms. To serve the teachers, who have difficulty in teaching them, the preceeding results are summarised with Composition the misconception maps.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.10-17
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• 2002

It is necessary to induce for using mass transit instead of passenger car, which is high occupied roadway. It is necessary to develop the automated enforcement system to do manage such things. There are lots of problems to enforce the exclusive roadway. One of the biggest problem is the difficulty of vehicle classification. In this paper, morphological vehicle classification algorithm is proposed. Vehicle object is separated from background using frame difference, then the proposed unique weighted skeleton feature is extracted. The experiments show that the vehicle identification results produced by weighted skeleton feature seem to be good quality.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.6 no.8
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• pp.710-718
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• 2000

In this paper we described an approach to automation of visual inspection of solder joint defects of SMC(Surface Mounted Components) on PCBs(Printed Circuit Board) by using neural network and fuzzy rule-based classification method. Inherently the surface of the solder joints is curved tiny and specular reflective it induces difficulty of taking good image of the solder joints. And the shape of the solder joints tends to greatly vary with the soldering condition and the shapes are not identical to each other even though the solder joints belong to a set of the same soldering quality. This problem makes it difficult to classify the solder joints according to their qualities. Neural network and fuzzy rule-based classification method is proposed to effi-ciently make human-like classification criteria of the solder joint shapes. The performance of the proposed approach is tested on numerous samples of commercial computer PCB boards and compared with the results of the human inspector performance and the conventional Kohonen network.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.57 no.6
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• pp.91-97
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• 2015

The Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have several advantages over conventional RS techniques. They can acquire high-resolution images quickly and repeatedly. And with a comparatively lower flight altitude i.e. 80~400 m, they can obtain good quality images even in cloudy weather. Therefore, they are ideal for acquiring spatial data in cases of small agricultural field with mixed crop, abundant in South Korea. This paper discuss the use of low cost UAV based remote sensing for classifying crops. The study area, Gochang is produced by several crops such as red pepper, radish, Chinese cabbage, rubus coreanus, welsh onion, bean in South Korea. This study acquired images using fixed wing UAV on September 23, 2014. An object-based technique is used for classification of crops. The results showed that scale 250, shape 0.1, color 0.9, compactness 0.5 and smoothness 0.5 were the optimum parameter values in image segmentation. As a result, the kappa coefficient was 0.82 and the overall accuracy of classification was 85.0 %. The result of the present study validate our attempts for crop classification using high resolution UAV image as well as established the possibility of using such remote sensing techniques widely to resolve the difficulty of remote sensing data acquisition in agricultural sector.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.142-152
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to identify the differences in eye movement pattern shown in shown in classification process between the scientifically gifted and general students in elementary schools. The subjects for the research consisted of 16 gifted students in special education center for the gifted at Seoul National University of Education and 22 general students at G elementary schools. The tasks consisted of four hierarchical biology classification tasks and one non-hierarchical tasks. SMI's Eye Tracker (iView $X^{TM}$ RED) was used to collect eye movement data while the Begaze software analyzed the task performing process and eye movements. The findings of this study were twofold. First, there was a significant difference in students' fixation duration by students' academic achievement level. Gifted students spent little time on scanning details and found the features successfully. Second, the process of the classification is different by students' academic achievement. General students spent more time to gaze the salient features not relevant features. They had a difficulty to find the element to classify.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.41-50
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• 2017

Background: The Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS) was developed to assess of balance ability in children with balance problem. The PBS was translated into Korean and its reliability had been studied. However, it had need to be verified using psychometric characteristics including item fit and rating scale. Objects: The purpose of this study was to investigate the item fit, item difficulty, and rating scale of the Korean version of PBS using Rasch analysis. Methods: In total, 40 children with cerebral palsy (CP) (boy=17, girl=23) who were diagnosed with level 1 or 2 according to the Gross Motor Function Classification System participated in this study. The PBS was performed, and was verified regarding the item fit, item difficulty, rating scale, and separation index and reliability using Rasch analysis. Results: In this study, the 'transfer', and 'turning to look behind left and right shoulders while standing still' item showed misfit statistics. in total 40 children with CP. Also, 'transfer', 'standing unsupported with feet together' and 'standing with one foot in front' items showed misfit statistics in diplegia CP group. Regardless of the classification of CP, the most difficult item was 'standing on one foot', whereas the easiest item was 'sitting with back unsupported and feet supported on the floor'. The 4 rating scale categories of PBS were acceptable with all criteria. Both item and person separation indices and reliability showed acceptable values. Conclusion: The PBS has been proven reliable, valid and is an appropriate tool, but it needs to modify the items of PBS according to CP classification.