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Prognostic Value of Fibroblastic Foci in Patients with Usual Interstitial Pneumonia (통상성 간질성 폐렴 환자 예후인자로서의 섬유모세포병소(fibroblastic foci)의 유용성)

  • Park, Yong-Bum;Kang, Gil-Hyun;Shim, Mae-Sun;Lim, Chae-Man;Lee, Sang-Do;Koh, Youn-Suck;Kim, Woo-Sung;Kim, Won-Dong;Kitaichi, Masanori;Kim, Dong-Soon
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • v.53 no.3
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    • pp.309-318
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    • 2002
  • Background : Usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) is a fatal progressive fibrotic disorder of the lung with unknown etiology and characterized by a poor response to conventional immunosuppressive therapy. The histologic hallmark of UIP is parchy distribution of subpleural fibrosis and fibroblastic foci(FBF) with interposed normal appearing lung. Because FBF is a collection of actively proliferating myofibroblasts, it can be a marker of activity and prognosis of UIP. However, there were contradictory reports about the correlation between the degree of FBF and survival. Therefore we performed this study to investigate the value of FBF as prognostic marker of UIP. Methods : This was a retrospective study on the 46 patients(M:F=33:13, mean age:$59{\pm}12$ years) with UIP diagnosed by the surgical lung biopsy at the Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea between 1990 and 2000 and had follow-up of more than a year. All the biopsy specimens were reevaluated and diagnosed as UIP according to the ATS/ERS classification. Semiquantitative grading of FBF(absent, 0; mild 1; moderate 2; marked 3) by the experienced pathologists who did not know the clinical findings were compared to the clinical data and the follow up course. Results : Thirteen patients(28.2%) died of UIP progression during the study period. The median survival time of all the subjects was 26 months after the biopsy. At the univariate analysis, FVC, $D_Lco$, smoking history and the grade of FBF were significantly related to the survial. The survival was longer in subjects with lesser degrees of FBF, higher DLco, higher FVC and history of smoking. However the multivariate analysis with Cox regression test showed the extent of FBF was the only independent prognostic marker of UIP. Conclusion : These data suggested that the extent of FBF on the surgical lung biopsy can be used as a prognostic marker of UIP.

The Etiological Role of Legionella Pneumophila in Patients with Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Korea (입원한 지역사회획득 폐렴 환자에서 요중 레지오넬라항원 검사를 통해 본 Legionella Pneumophila 감염의 비중)

  • Song, Hong-Seok;Suh, Ji-Hyeon;Ahn, Jong-Ho;Yoon, Byeong-In;Lee, Seung-Joon;Lee, Myung-Goo;Jun, Man-Jo;Kang, Min-Jong;Lee, Jae-Myung;Kim, Dong-Gyu;Son, Jee-Woong;Park, Myung-Jae;Hyun, In-Gyu;Jung, Ki-Suck
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • v.50 no.4
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    • pp.409-414
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    • 2001
  • Background : Legionella pneumophila has been recognized as an important cause of community-acquired pneumonia(CAP) requiring hospitalization. However, epidemiological data on the occurrence of legionella-related pneumonia is unavailable in Korea. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the etiological importance of legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 in patients hospitalized with CAP. Method : The CAP patients over 16 year-old were recruited from July 1999 to June 2000 at the Chunchon Sacred Heart Hospital. Fifty four patients (male 29, female 25, average age $63.8{\pm}15.3$) were included in this study. A diagnosis of a legionella pneumophila infection was based on a urinary antigen test using the Binax Company enzyme immunoassay. The severity of pneumonia was assessed using the Fine's PORT scoring system. Result : The average Fine's PORT score was 99.7(${\pm}44.9$). According to the risk classification proposed by the Infectious Disease Society of America, the number of patients in each class(from class I to class V) were 6(11.1%), 13(24.1%), 9(16.7%), 14(25.8%), and 12(22.2%), respectively. Thirty two patients(59.3%) were initially admitted to the intensive care unit. The mortality rate was 16.7%(9 in 54). In all patients, urinary antigens to Legionella pnewnophila serogroup 1 were not detected. Conclusion : Legionella pnewnophila may play little role in causing adult CAP in Korea. Therefore, the routine use of macrolide in the empirical treatment of the CAP patients based upon the ATS guidelines(1993) in Korea should be reevaluated.

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Expression of Estrogen and Progesterone Receptors in Non-small-cell Lung Cancer Tissue Using Tissue Microarray Method (조직 미세배열법을 이용한 비소세포 폐암 조직에서 에스트로겐과 프로게스테론 수용체 발현)

  • Han, Hye-Seung;Kim, Min-Ji;Cho, Jae-Hwa;Yoon, Yong-Han;Kwak, Seung-Min;Lee, Hong-Lyeol;Kim, Kwang-Ho;Ryu, Jeong-Seon
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • v.58 no.1
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    • pp.54-58
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    • 2005
  • Background : To evaluate the role of estrogen and progesterone in the carcinogenesis of NSCLC, IHC studies for the expression of the receptors of estrogen and progesterone have been performed with inconsistent results. Recently the TMA method has been developed and has become recognized as a useful and rapid method for extensively analysing molecular markers at the gene and protein level. We have investigated their expressions in the tissue from NSCLC using the microarray method. Methods : The TMA construction was made with 70 formalinfixed, paraffin-embedded tissues of NSCLC. After heat-induced epitope retrieval, IHC staining on primary tissues of NSCLC was performed with the monoclonal antibodies, ER1D5 and PR1A6. Results : Our sample of 70 consisted of 74% men and 26% women. Of the patients, 49% were current smokers, 27% were non-smokers and 24% were former smokers. By histologic classification, 34 patients had squamous cell carcinoma, 24 had adenocarcinoma, 9 had adenosquamous cell carcinoma, and 3 had other carcinomas. No cancer cells were immunostained with these monoclonal antibodies in any primary tissues of NSCLC. Conclusions : No expression of neither of the two receptors was found in any of the lung cancer tissues. This suggests that adequate genetic variants for IHC staining need to be developed for NSCLC.

The Development and Acceptance of Knowledge Information in Garden of Joseon Dynasty - Focusing on the Garden and Flowering Books Compiled from the 15th and 19th Centuries - (조선시대 정원의 지식정보 전개와 수용 - 15~19세기 편찬된 정원 및 화훼 관련서적을 중심으로 -)

  • Kim, Dong-Hyun;Lee, Won-Ho
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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    • v.38 no.1
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    • pp.10-20
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    • 2020
  • This study aims to analyze the developed characteristics of the knowledge and information of gardens through garden or flowering plant books compiled in the 15th and 19th centuries of Joseon Dynasty. Diachronically analysis of the garden or flowering plant books classified the characteristics in which knowledge and information about gardens are developed by the period, and looked at the factors. The results are as follows; First, the relationship between the authors who compiled the garden or flowering plant books had similar characteristics to the genealogy of Realist School of Confucianism(實學) in the Joseon Dynasty. Kang, Hee-An's practical features influenced later realist school of confucianism scholars. Lee, Su-Gwang has accumulated knowledge of the garden through his experience of traveling the diplomatic envoy to China. Since then, Hong Man-sun's ideology has been related to Charles, a member of the Southerners. Seo Yu-gu was also able to accept Realist School of Confucianism in an integrated way through the Jungnong school's theory and interaction with the Jungsang school. Ryu, Jung-Lim's relationship with the Jungnong school emerged as he added to the 『Jeungbosanrimgyeongje(增補山林經濟)』. Second, the 『Yanghwasorok(養花小錄)』, 『Jibongyuseol(芝峯類說)』 「Hwuimok(卉木)」, 『Hangjeongrok(閑情錄)』, 『Sanrimgyeongje(山林經濟)』 「Yanghwa(養花)」, 『Jeungbosanrimgyeongje(增補山林經濟)』 「Yanghwa(養花)」, 『Hwaamsurok(花庵隨錄)』 and 『Imwongyeongjeji(林園經濟志)』 「Yewonji(藝畹志)」 contain garden plant characteristics, cultivation methods, and management methods. The 『Imwongyeongjeji(林園經濟志)』 「Seomyongji(贍用志)」, 「Iunji(怡雲志)」, 「Sangtaekji(相宅志)」 contain details on the location selection of gardens, the layout of facilities, how to create them and materials. The description of these garden or flowering plant books was found to be the most common introduction with 55 percent, followed by methodologies(42.8%), the Lichi Theory(理氣論, 15.5%), the classification(12.4%), and the convention(1.9%). Third, based on the importance of knowledge and information on gardens, the garden or flowering plant books related to the period were classified as early period, including 『Yanghwasorok(養花小錄)』, 『Jibongyuseol(芝峯類說)』 which were compiled before the 17th century. The 18th-century compiled 『Sanrimgyeongje(山林經濟)』 and 『Jeungbosanrimgyeongje(增補山林經濟)』 were classified as middle period, and the 19th-century compilation of 『Imwongyeongjeji(林園經濟志)』 was classified as late period. The garden or flowering plant books were cited the contents of ancient Chinese books, the author's experiences and opinions contained in the preceding period in later garden books. And the reinforcement of garden knowledge was made to reflect the agricultural technology and expertise developed at the time of writing. Fourth, based on analysis of the development and acceptance of knowledge information in garden by period, In the early period was dealing with floriculture as a way to explore the logic of things. Later, in the 18th century, a vast influx of garden knowledge information came from China. Among scholars, they secured justification for garden creation as part of various knowledge-seeking activities, which expanded their expertise in gardens. In response to the trend of gardening in the 19th century, professional books were written based on knowledge and information on gardens that were collected in the past, and systems were established such as the collection and management of garden plants, construction methods, enjoying methods, and self-realization.

A Study on the Career Occupational Mobility in Korea (한국의 경력내 직업이동에 관한 연구)

  • 김병관
    • Korea journal of population studies
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    • v.20 no.1
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    • pp.97-128
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    • 1997
  • This paper was set out to study the structure of the career occupational mobility in the early and rapid phase of industrialization in Korea. By analyzing the individual life histories regarding occupational mobility and achievement, I propose a model of yearly career mobility of Korean men and Women during the period of 30 years between 1954 and 1983. With the occupational classification scheme of 5 groups - Upper Nonmanual, Lower Nonmanual, Self Employed, Manual, Farm - the mobility pattern in the person-year mobility table analyzed can be characterized primarily by the strong influence of immobility. The degree of immobility, however, is different by the occupational groups. The absolute amount of immobility can be summarized as being U-shaped. Overall, the pattern of mobility can be explained best by the concept of occupational distance. I then propose a model of relative career occupational mobility pattern that combines the conceptual and theoretical basis and the methodological rigor. The model is based on the notion of the reproduction of inequality, the labor market context, and the life history perspective. The model encompasses the 6 conceptual explanatory factors such as persistence effect, ceiling effect, traditional sector effect, nonmanual occupation effect, alternative mobility channel effect, and occupational distance effect, as well as the effects of both origin and destination occupations. The relative pattern of career mobiliity in Korea can be characterized by the following six findings. First, the persistence effect on the diagonal cells of the mobility table is dominant. Second, a clear evidence of the negative effect of occupational distance between nonmanual occupations and manual and farm occupations is found. Third, the out-mobility from farming took place regardless of the destination occupations. Fourth, the internal mobility within the nonmanual occupation block is high and bi-directional, and is exclusive against other occupations. Fifth, the 'self employed' occupation is serving a peculiar function in both inflow and outflow pattern. Last, the relative pattern of career occupation mobility is asymmetrical in terms of the upward and downward mobility.

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Study on the Classification and Improvement of Dehydrated Skin under Warm Air Heating Condition (온풍 조건에서 수분 탈락 정도에 따른 피부 분류 및 개선 방안에 대한 연구)

  • Kwon, Oh Sun;Kang, Hyun Jong;Han, Seu ng Min;Yoon, Ji Seon;Cho, Woong Hee;Oh, Joo You ng;Lim, Jun Man;Song, Young Sook;Park, Sun Gyoo
    • Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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    • v.46 no.2
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    • pp.179-184
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    • 2020
  • Elasticity and softness of the skin depend on the level of moisture present in the stratum corneum, which is known to be affected by various environmental changes, such as cold and hot winds and dry environments. However, not many studies have been conducted on changes in skin moisture and the degree of recovery due to individual skin differences. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effect of warm air heating on skin hydration levels and develop moisturizing formulas to improve lowered skin hydration levels. In order to deliver warm air heating condition, heating dryer (40 ℃, 6 m/s, 30 cm apart from forearm) was applied into inner forearm of healthy subjects (male: 10, female: 39, age: 25 - 63) Among 49 subjects, 26 subjects showed significantly lowered skin hydration levels until 30 min after warm air heating exposure (lowered group). In addition, moisturizing cream with high water holding capacity was applied to forearm of 10 subjects in lowered group for 3 weeks and skin hydration levels after warm air heating were significantly improved at the levels of before application of warm air heating. From this study, we found out that there is a skin type that skin hydration levels are significantly decreased under warm air heating condition (dehydrated skin) and this dehydrated skin can be improved by moisturizing formulas with high water holding capacity.

A Stduy on the Microflora of the Han River -Taxonomy of Phytoplankton for the South Han River and Estimation of Water Pollution Levels on the Central Area of the Han River- (한강의 Microflora에 관한 연구 (제6보) -남한강의 식물성플랑크톤에 대한 분류와 한강중심수역의 수질오탁판정-)

  • 정영호
    • Journal of Plant Biology
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    • v.15 no.s
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    • pp.1-32
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    • 1972
  • In order to utilize for the prevention and preservation of the Han River from the environmental pollution the present studies were carried out to clarify the microflora and estimation of the water pollution levels of the Han River. In addition to the above regional and seasonal fluctuation of the phytoplankton was also examined. Samples of phytoplankton were collected from 6 stations in the South Han River during the period from December, 1971 to October, 1972. The results obtained during the present studies are as follows: 1. The phytoplankton samples collected from 6 stations, Yeoju, Hajapo-ri, Yangpyeong, Daruraegi, Giduwon and Paldang were identified and classified by Engler's classification system(1954). It resulted in 2 phylum, 2 classes, 7 orders, 10 families, 29 genera, 137 species, 1 sub-species, 49 varieties, 6 forma and 2 variety-forma. The total numbers of phytoplankton identified were 195 species, of which 7 families, 27 species, 26 varieties, 4 forma and 2 variety-forma are new to Korea, that of 54 species are first described in Korea. 2. In lower area of the Han River it is found 53 species from Paldang and in middle area it is found 114 species from Giduwon, 95 species from Daruraegi, 66 species from Yangpyeong, 71 species from Hajapori and 81 species from Yeoju. In standpoint of seasonal fluctuation of phytoplankton, the total numbers of the plankton is more abundant in summer than in winter season and it shows bimodal pattern. 3. As compared with previous data which obtained from 30 stations covering estuary to upper area, both South and North Han River, during the period from 1965-1972 it is shown that 10 species of the South Han River and 11 species of the North Han River are found throughout all seasons. Among the above species two are common in both area. In the other hand it is found that 9 species in spring season and 6 species in fall season in the South Han River and 10 species in spring, 23 species in summer, 4 species in fall and 15 species in winter season in the North Han River shows their seasonal fluctuation in this area. Among the seasonal occurrence of phytoplankton 10 species were consider to be indicator for the estimation of biological water pollution levels. 4. According to Fjerdingstad's water pollution level system (1963) the total numbers of 1, 230 species which have been collected from the Han River since 1965 includes 27 species of phytoplankton as indicator; 3 species of blue-green algae, 20 species of diatom, and 4 species of green-algae. 5. With 27 indicator species new estimation of water pollution level system was arranged for water pollution in the Han River. 6. The lower part of the central area of the Han River indicates mesosaprobic. In central area of the Han River shows mesosaprobic and oligosaprobic, but predominant in mesosaporobic. And it is indicated that mesosaprobic, oligosaprobic, and polysaprobic factors mixed up in the North Han River. Compare with their water pollution level in the South and North Han River, with author's new system, it is estimated that North Han River is more polluted than South Han River. 7. The reason why North Han River is more polluted suggested that the selfpurification action was limited by their circulation speed. The rapid speed of water in the North Han River is mainly caused by their topography and water-drainage from waterpower plant. In conclusion the central area of the Han River consist of mesosaprobe zone, as a part with oligosaprobe zone. But the presence of polysaprobe zone in the North Han River gives us many problems in future for the nationa development programme and natural conservation in this area.

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A study of the diseases which are in the Sun Woo-Yee(淳于意)' charts (순우의(淳于意) 진적(診籍)에 나타난 질병(疾病)의 고찰(考察))

  • Kim, Boo-Hwan;Park, Hyun-Guk
    • The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
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    • v.4
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    • pp.1-23
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    • 1995
  • The aim of this study is to compare the diseases which are in the Sun Woo-Yees charts with the diseases which are in the medical books excavated in MA WANG TEI(馬王堆), "YOUNG COO(靈樞)" and "SO MUN(素問)", and to investigate their interactions. The results obtained are as follows : 1. JOE(疽) which is made in stomach and bowels is not found at the medical books excavated in MA WANG TUI(馬王堆), "YOUNG COO(靈樞)" and "SO MUN(素問)". JOE(疽) which is made on the breast is similar to JOE(疽) which is made on the chest of "YOUNG COO(靈樞)". 2. It is said in Sun Woo-Yee(淳于意)'s charts that mental depression blocks up the circulation of Kl(氣), and it is the same viewpoint of "YOUNG COO(靈樞)"and "SO MUN(素問)". 3. The POONG GYUL(風厥) and the YOUL GYUL(熱厥) that are found in the Sun Woo-Yee(淳于意)'s charts is similar to those of "SO MUN(素問)", but different from those of "YOUNG COO(靈樞)". 4. It is regarded that YONG SAN(涌疝) in the Sun Woo-Yee(淳于意)'s charts is similar to the COONG SAN(퇴산) in "SO MUN(素問)", KI SAN(氣疝) in the Sun Woo-Yee(淳于意)'s charts is related to the TUI SAN(癡疝) of the medical books excavated in MA WANG TUI(馬王堆), "YOUNG COO(靈樞)" and "SO MUN(素問)", MO SAN(牡疝) in the Sun Woo-Yee(淳于意)'s charts is considered PE SAN(肺疝) and PE POONG SAN(肺風疝) in "SO MUN(素問)", but more and deeper study is required. In the change of the terms ; from TUI SAN(癡疝) to TUI SAN(퇴산), from PYUN SAN(偏疝) to HO SAN(狐疝), it can be guessed that the terms changed, as new doctrines were introduced and reorganiged with the development of the medical theory. 5. POONG BI in the Sun Woo-Yee(淳于意)'s charts is not found in "YOUNG COO(靈樞)", but it is similar to DAN FEVER(단열) in "SO MUN(素問)". It is regareded that PE SO DAN(폐소단) in the Sun Woo-Yee(淳于意)'s charts is the same as that of "YOUNG COO(靈樞)". 6. DONG PUNG in Sun Woo-Yee(淳于意)'s charts is not found in "YOUNG COO(靈樞)"and "SO MUN(素問)", but it seems like DONG SOEL(洞泄) in "YOUNG COO(靈樞)". It is regareded that the DONC PUNG(동풍) in the Sun Woo-Yee(淳于意)'s charts was at first changed into DONG SOEL(洞泄), and later differentiated into DOHG SOEL(洞泄) and SON SOEL. 7. In the Sun Woo-Yee(淳于意)'s charts, the treatment of the decayed tooth had the classification of the right and left, seeing cauterization with moxa on SU YANG MYOUNG MAEK(手陽明脈), it is considered that the tooth was decayed in the lower right. region. A tooth was related to QI MAEK(齒脈) and BI YANG MYUNG MAEK(臂陽明脈) in the early stage, but gradually was related to not only SU YANG MYUNG MAEK(手陽明脈) but also JOK YANG MYUNG MAEK(足陽明脈), JOK SO YIN MAEK(足少陰脈), JOK TAE YIN MAEK(足太陰脈), and in regards to the tooth and KYUNG MAEK(經脈), "YOUNG COO(靈樞)" emphasised the course of the KYUNG MAEK(經脈), "SO MUN(素問)" emphasised the attachment of the five elements. 8. In regards to BI(痺), the importance of the five elements theory given in the Sun Woo-Yee(淳于意)'s charts is similar to that of "SO MUN(素問)", and "YOUNG COO(靈樞)" and the medical books excavated in MA WANG TUI(馬王堆) give the same importance to the Kyung MAEK(經脈) theory. 9. The explanation of the irregular menstruation in the Sun Woo-Yee(淳于意)'s charts was fundamentally similar to that of "SO MUN(素問)", but it shows the another theory that can not found in "SO MUN(素問)".

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Study on the Conservation Management System of China's Natural Reserve (중국 자연보호구의 보전관리체계에 관한 연구)

  • Yao, Zhang;Kim, Dong-Pil;Moon, Ho-Gyeong
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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    • v.29 no.3
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    • pp.474-484
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    • 2015
  • This study aims at providing exercisable basic data for the management of protection areas in China by investigating into their legal system such as current laws, regulations, other relevant laws and international treaties and the management system such as history, classification, organization, personnel, funds and main management work.. In People's Republic of China (1954), several laws have been enacted in succession, such as Environment Law (1989), Regulations of Natural Reserves (1994) and Land Management Methods of Natural Reserves (1995). The development process of China's natural reserves is divided into the following five phases. In the initial phase (1956-1965), about 20 natural reserves were established; in the lag phase (1966-1978), a part of the natural reserves was destroyed under the influence of the Great Cultural Revolution; in the development phase (1979-1998), a normative legal system began to appear after the reform and opening up; in the leap phase (1999-2006), the number of natural reserves increased dramatically; in the stable phase ( 2007-present), the protection and restoration of the ecological environment have been implemented, and the supervision and management have been strengthened. China has established natural reserves of national, provincial, municipal and county levels according to the relevant laws. According to the resource categories, natural reserves can be divided into natural ecosystem reserves, wildlife reserves and natural relic reserves. The Ministry of Forestry is in charge of 1,958 natural reserves which account for 74.2 % of the total natural reserves in China. In China, there are 1,384 natural reserves (52.4 %) for which management institutions have been set up. 1,702 natural reserves (64.47 %) are equipped with management staff, showing a higher ratio than the natural reserves which have set up management institutions. China has established natural reserves of national level, provincial level, municipal level and county level according to law. According to the resource categories, natural reserves can be divided into natural ecosystem reserves, wildlife reserves, and natural relic reserves. The Ministry of Forestry is in charge of 1,958 natural reserves which accounts for 74.2 % of the total natural reserves in China. In China, there are 1,384 natural reserves (52.4 %) which have set up management institutions. 1,702 natural reserves (64.47 %) are equipped with management staff with a higher ratio than the natural reserves which have set up management institutions.

Surgical Treatment of Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysm (흉복부 대동맥류의 외과적 치료)

  • Ahn, Hyuk;Kim, Jun-Seok
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • v.29 no.2
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    • pp.177-184
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    • 1996
  • Between 1987 and 1994, 21 patients were treated surgically for aortic aneurysm involving the thoracoabdominal aorta. There were 11 males and 10 females, and their age ranged from 20 to 67 years old and mean age was 41.5 years. Many complained of back pain, chest pain or discomfort, and flank pain, but three patients were asymptomatic. 15 patients had chronic dissection (71.4%) and 6 had nondissecting fusiform or saccular aneurysm(28.5%), and of those 15 patients with chronic dissection, 6(28.5%) had atherosclerosis assniated with hypertension, 5 (23.8%) were Martian syndrome, and 2 (9.5%) were associated with pregnancy. The diameter of an aneurysm ranged from 6cm to 12cm, and their extent was classified as type I in 7(33.3%), type II in 8(38.1%), type III in 3(14.3%), and type IV in 3(14.3%) patients based on Crawford classification for TAA . Diseased aorta was replaced with artificial vascular graft in all but one patient. In whom the aortic tear site due to pseudoaneurysm was closed by primary suture. For the spinal cord protection during the operation, we used partial cardiopulmonary bypass (FV-FA or PA-FA bypass) in 12 patients (57.1%), Biopump (LA-FA bypass) in 4(19.0%), total circulartory arrest and CPB in 2 (9.5%), Gott's heparinized shunt in 1(4.7%), and simple aortic cross clamping in 2 (9.5%). The most common complication after the operation was hoarseness due to unilateral vocal cord palsy which onured in 5 patients (23.8%), and the next common complication was wound infection in 4 patients(19.0%), paraplegia in 2 patients (9.5%), chylothorax in 1 patient(4.7%). The hospital mortality rate was 9.5% (2deaths), and there was no late death. Our experience shows that the graft replacement of TAAA had reasonable rate of mortality, low rate of serious complication, and provided good post operative state of the pati nts, and since the thoracoabdominal aortic operation is not a high risky procedure anymore, we recommend a radical operation for the indicated patients.

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