• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.63-72
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• 2008

Purpose: This study focused on two aspects: 1) how to design and implement a mobile learning course which is facilitated by a PDA with a web-based class homepage as a tool for mobile learning; 2) how to increase and enhance interactive activities among and between the students and the faculty members by utilizing a PDA as a tool for communication as well as collaboration. Method: To analyze the results of the m-Learning course, data was collected from interviews with the involved two faculty members and a survey from 27 students. Result: The results showed a positive outcome of the m-Learning approach in terms of a more collaborative learning environment in a clinical course where the students practice their clinical activities out of the classroom, far from their faculty members. On the other hand, the problems of the m-Learning approach were that more thorough preparation was needed for the new tools from both the students and the faculty members in preparation in social, cultural, and mental aspects, not withstanding the assumed technical limits of a PDA. Conclusion: m-Learning must be more actively implemented in classes, even though several problems were noticed in terms of both technical aspects of the tools, and social and cultural aspects from the users.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.257-269
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• 2002

Objective : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the resin infiltration into dentin of one-bottle adhesive systems and self-etching primer bonded to Class V cavities using confocal laser scanning microscope(CLSM). Material and Methods : Forty Class V cavities were prepared from freshly extracted caries-free Human teeth. These teeth were divided into two groups based on the presence of cervical abrasion: Group I, cervical abrasion : Group II, wedge-shaped cavity preparation. Resin-dentin interfaces were produced with two one-bottle dentin bonding systems-ONE COAT BOND(OCB; Coltene$^R$) and Syntac$^R$SPrint$^{TM}$(SS; VIVADENT)-, one self-etching priming system-CLEARFIL$^{TM}$ SE BOND (SB : KURARAY)- and one multi-step dentin bonding system-Scotchbond$^{TM}$Multi-Purpose (SBMP, 3M Dental Products)-as control according to manufacturers' instructions. Cavities were restored with Spectrum$^{R}$(Dentsply). Specimens were immersed in saline for 24 hours and sectioned longitudinally with a low-speed diamond disc. The resin-dentin interfaces were microscopically observed using CLSM. The quality of resin-infiltrated dentin layers were evaluated by five dentists using 0~4 scale. Results : Confocal laser scanning microscopal investigations using primer labeled with rhodamine B showed that the penetration of the primer occurred along the cavity margins. Statistical analysis using one-way ANOVA followed by Duncan's Multiple Range test revealed that the primer penetration of the group 2(wedge-shaped cavity preparation) was more effective than group 1(cervical abrasion) and that of the gingival interfaces was more effective than the occlusal interfaces. In the one-bottle dentin bonding systems, the resin penetration score of OCB was compatible to SBMP, but those of SS and self-etching priming system, SB were lower than SBMP.

• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.20-33
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• 2010

The purpose of this research is to investigate and analyze the recognition of students and teachers towards an influence of a subject classroom system to teacher's learning activities and student's learning attitude. The study was subjected to students and teachers at a school that has innovatively operated subject classroom system from before 2009. The results of the research are as follows. First, the result of investigation shows that the quality of class has been improved. The formats of managing class and class materials have become various. Second, there is an affirmative exchange in student's learning attitude, such as student's active participation, concentration, preparation and interest toward a class. Third, the fifty percent of teachers answered it that a block time system and intensive study system is required to manage an efficient subject classroom system. Lastly, the investigation shows that teachers and students are generally satisfied with running the subject classroom system. However, the satisfaction ratio of students is lower than the one of teachers.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.204-210
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• 2011

Thin film electrodes have been intensively studied for active materials and current collectors to enhance the electrochemical performance. Here, porous structures of nickel-based oxide films, consisting of nickel oxide and copper (II) oxide, which was derived from the copper substrate during the annealing process, were deposited on metallic copper foils. The half-cell tests revealed excellent capacity retention after $80^{th}$ charge/discharge cycles. Some films showed an excess of the theoretical capacity of nickel oxides, which mainly originate from partially oxidized copper substrates during annealing. These results exhibit that both a preparation method of an active materials and partially oxidized current collectors could be important roles to apply thin film electrodes.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.11-21
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• 1998

Portfolio assessment provides many opportunities to foster children's creativity and to increase their responsibility for learning. few research study has been conducted in this area, and this assessment method has scarcely been administered in primary science class, Proper and effective use of portfolio assessment in our primary science class requires basic research on how to design and administer the method. Based on the earlier study on typical structures and components of portfolio assessment, the assessment instrument was developed on various primary science topics, The development team was consisted of one science education specialist and nine pre-service elementary school teachers. It takes ten months to develop instruments for 27 class hours. The development process was reciprocal in that development and revision cycle was repeated more than 7 times. The portfolio assessment instruments consist of instructional objectives, developers' evidence for the objectives, and assessment criteria. Adopting a new way of assessment into science class inevitably causes lots of confusions to teachers and children. The absence of basic research studies must be a critical barrier for successful administration of a new assessment method such as portfolio assessment. further research is required in the preparation and administration of portfolio assessment in our primary science classroom.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.461-478
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• 2019

As the concept of "marriage age" gradually disappears, the consumption class of the wedding market includes not only X and Y generations but also Z generations, and each generation has its own characteristics as it is already known, and there are differences in the consumption. So this research analyzed age-related behavior differences in both awareness of and preparation for marriage. Three hundred sixteen unmarried Korean males and females comprised the study population and data was collected from March 5, 2019, to April 3, 2019. The SPSS Statistics 23.0 Package was used for analysis, specifically the functions of frequency, cross tabulation, factor analysis, chi-squared test, Cronbach's alpha, Duncans's new multiple range test (MRT), and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Marriage motivation was analyzed by three factors, and there were significant differences in two types. Marital involvement was analyzed by two factors, and both factors showed significant age-related differences. Concerns relating to marriage preparation were analyzed by four factors, and two varied according to respondent age. Regarding marriage preparation behaviors, the analysis revealed that the marriage preparation method appreciably differed between age groups. Our analysis also found significant age-related differences in "the main media usually used to acquire information" and "the paths preferred for acquiring information in preparing for marriage". We expect that study results will be useful for identifying new research directions, understanding the dimensions of the wedding industry, and developing related marketing strategies.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.57-83
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• 2013

There has neither been enough research on how to approach the concept of active aging through an integrated view nor an examination to verify the relationship between preparation for old age and active aging in later life. Therefore, this research aims to verify that the elderly, who have prepared for their later life, affected their active aged life. In addition, by setting up self-efficacy and social support as mediator in the research model, this paper looks into the psycho-social resource mechanism of the relationship in depth. In order to verify the correlation of two variables, the Seoul welfare panel data, a mediating model structured by psycho-social resources created by Seoul welfare foundation in 2010, was used. The total sample size was a group of 1,492 elders aged over 65. When it came to our research methods, structured equation analysis was applied to verify the mediating effect and theoretical background. The results revealed that physical preparation, financial preparation, social preparation and leisure preparation directly affected their active aging level positively, thus, psycho-social resources showed a partial mediating effect between preparation for old age of the past and active aging level. The research implications are as follows. First, this research makes an effort to approach the concept of preparation for old age with an integrated perspective through making a construct by entire preparation types. Second, it will attempt to verify the relationship between preparation for old age in the past and active aging in terms of multi-dimension is meaningful. Third, this research reveals the function of psycho-social resource, self-efficacy and social support within the relationship. As far as the partial mediating effect is concerned, preparation for old age education for the middle-aged class should be modified as a decent field to enhance of the elderly.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.439-452
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• 2018

This study aims to empirically structure the patterns of consumption and their effects on depression among the employed baby-boomers who were born in 1955 to in 1963. We used the 5th wave of Korea Retirement and Income Study(KReIS) in 2013 (n=2,585). The Latent Profile Analysis(LPA) estimated the empirical patterns of consumption and then a multiple regression analyzed the effect of consumption patterns on depression. The LPA results showed that the consumption patterns consist of four groups: Basic life-oriented class, Social life-oriented class, Home-based lifestyle class, and Advanced consumption-oriented class. The working baby boomers' depression was associated with their consumption patterns. Specifically, the social life-oriented class showed significantly lower depression than the basic life-oriented class and advanced consumption-oriented class. Other associates with higher levels of depression were found as lower education, having no spouse, lower self-rated health, higher levels of physical limitation, having a diagnosed disability, lower satisfaction with leisure activities, lower income, and lower subjective economic status in this study. Based on the results of this study, we propose the need for specialized financial intervention better for baby-boomers' retirement preparation in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.59-71
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• 2004

Based on ethnographic methods, the present research utilized individual interviews of 1 to 2 hours each with various probe questions to discover early stages of preparation for fatherhood. Interviews of the 12 male participants took place in naturalistic settings. Most were between 28 to 32 years of age and middle SES class. Results showed that during their wife's pregnancy expectant fathers come to terms with becoming a father; they obtain a new understanding of life and make efforts to behave desirably in society; attitudes towards their own parents change; they have a different relationship with their wife; relations with close associates change, and occupational identity changes in that feelings of responsibility for a wife and child becomes more sincere.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 1990

Polysilane derivatives are attracting considerable attention as a new class of material since 1980. The preparation methods of low molecular weight, cyclic, and high molecular weight polysilane derivatives are described, and also photochemistry characteristics for silicon-silicon single bond and for the nature of the substituent on silicon backbone are discussed. Polysilanes may be used as a precursors to silicon carbide fiber, as photoresist in microelectronics, as photoconductor, and as photoinitatior for free radical polymerization.