• 한국정보교육학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.01a
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• pp.119-124
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• 2011

The purpose of the paper was to develop an observation measure for analyzing the teaching and learning activities in ubiquitous-based learning. To develop the measure, we reviewed the literature related to the measure and identified the valid observation domain and indicators. In the procedure, we did a pilot study for validating the measure and its indicators, and in the end, finalized it. The observation measure consists of: types of instruction, teaching and learning strategies, learning activities, use of technology, evaluation process, and wrap-up. In addition, we added the qualitative domain, which needs for monitoring and writing more specific teaching and learning activities in ubiquitous-based learning.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.197-202
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• 2002

A new method is used to estimate the amount of water evaporation from Class A Pan with higher precision and accuracy. The principle of method is to detect the weight change of a buoyant sinker resulting from a change in water level of Class A Pan. A strain-gauge load cell is used to measure the weight change. Field observation of evaporation was done at Pohang Meteorological Station from June 24 to August 4, 2002. By using this new method, it is possible to measure hourly evaporation accurately even under a strong solar radiation and wind disturbance, enabling a direct comparison of evaporation with other meteorological elements. At night, under low humidity and high wind speed conditions, more evaporation was recorded than during daytime. Maximum evaporation rates observed during this period exceed 1.0 mm/hour under the sunny and windy conditions with low humidity. To understand relationships between meteorological elements and latent heat flux at ground level, we suggest intensive held experiments using high accuracy evaporation recording instruments with hourly time interval.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.24 no.1 s.44
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• pp.63-86
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to find out some relationship between the positional change of mandible during treatment and the prognosis after treatment of ClassIII malocclusion. The patients selected for this study were sucessfully treated two patients, and three patients who wert also sucessful in active treatment but showed relapse during observation. Serial Cephalograms, photos, models, treatment record of these patients were analysed in each term of treatment and observation period. The results might be summarized as follows: The patient with swing back type in which mandible rotated posteroinferiorly during active treatment showed good dental md skeletal relationship during observation. Among the patients with Y-axis type, one who had harmonious growth between maxilla and mandible showed stable dental relationship during observation, the other who had not showed relapse. The swing back type was not changed during and after treatment but the patients who had Y-axis type were unchanged in some patients, and changed into forward type in the others. During active treatment, was lower facial height(ANS-Me) increased in all 5 patients, and in observation period the patients showing increase in lower facial height had stable occlusion but the others having decrease showed unstable dental relationship.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.35-42
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• 2024

Biomedical engineering is a discipline that diagnoses and treats human diseases using engineering techniques based on medical and biological understanding. Proper biomedical engineering education requires education on medical terminology, human anatomy, and human physiology, but students have a preconceived notion that these basic medical subjects are subjects to be memorized. In order to eliminate these students' preconceptions, various educational methods must be developed so that students can easily access basic medical subjects. In this paper, we present a method to increase learning effectiveness by introducing observation practice of a human anatomical model to the medical terminology subject. The half-body model of the human body is a form in which various organs are assembled and can be observed by disassembling them one by one. This observation exercise consisted of questions about the organs of the head, neck, chest, and abdomen, with students working in groups to find answers. After the practice, students evaluated that this practice motivated them to learn and made it easier to understand the lecture.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.69-81
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• 2005

The objective of this study was to evaluate the toothbrush abrasion characteristics of class V restorations. Thirty extracted human premolars, which were collected from oral surgery clinics were used. We mounted five teeth in a metal ring mold of 50 mm in diameter and 15 mm in height using chemically cured acrylic resin. Class V cavities were prepared in lingual cervical root surfaces and restored using one of following restorative materials : Dentin Conditioner/Fuji II LC (Group FL), All Bond II/Z-250 (Group ZT), One-up Bond F/Palfigue Estelite (Group PE), F2000 Primer/Adhesive (Group FT), and Prime & Bond 2.1/Dyract AP (Group DR). They were stored under distilled water at $37^{\circ}C$ for seven days. The toothbrush abrasion test was conducted using a wear testing machine of pin-on disk type under a load of 1.5 N for 100,000 cycles. We have examined the bonded interfaces, the changes of surface roughness and color of abraded surfaces. From this experiment, the following results were obtained. 1. The change of surface roughness showed high degree: RMGIC>compomer>composite resin (p<0.05). 2. Because of the protrusion and missing of filler particles, SEM observation of abraded surfaces of RMGIC and compomers revealed the increase of surface roughness due to the selective removal of matrix resin. 3. The color change by toothbrush abrasion was affected in large part by the change of $L^*$ and $b^*$ of resin composites (p<0.05). 4. The color change by toothbrush abrasion was so small to detect by human eyes. 5. SEM observation of abraded surfaces revealed the interface bonding was the best in the FT group.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.254-266
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• 2018

The aim of this study is to analyze STEAM lessons focused on the learner's learning. This study was conducted on 4th-graders in Y city, Kyung-gi province. The lessons were based on a joint teaching plan for students through the teacher learning community (TLC) with three teachers from the same school. Each of the three classes that conducted the class was selected and analyzed as the main center of observation by three students. The conclusions from this study are as follows: First, we identified that different levels of learners are learning in STEAM lessons through a learner-centered class analysis. Some students arrived on their own by taking the initiative in class, others by consulting with a group of friends, and others needed active teacher guidance to learn. Second, Depending on the level and characteristics of the students, some learning criteria were not reached. Some students need guidance at a glance level, and others need individually instructed or guided activities. Teachers need to keep an eye out for students and give them an appropriate level of guidance during class. In STEAM lessons, it appears that students of different levels and characteristics can immerse themselves in their own way, as well as the clear guidance of activity for their students.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2021.05a
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• pp.100-101
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• 2021

Facilities with high risk of a disaster or requiring continuous safety management are designated as class-III facility. In order to designate a class-III facility, it is evaluated based on the safety status of the facility, the risk to the building users, and the number of years elapsed of the facility, etc. and this shall be referred to the actual condition survey for the designation of a class-III facility. In the actual condition survey conducted to designate the safety status is calculated by the checklist based on the evaluation scores consisting of five stages each item, and is evaluated in three stages by 'good', 'careful observation', and 'designated review' through the average of the combined scores. Currently, the actual condition survey being conducted applies only structural stability, and the risk factors such as damage to the finish, the risk of cracking, and the type and weight of major structures are not included in the checklist for the actual condition survey, so even if experts think it is dangerous, scores cannot be reflected. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the problems of checklist of the actual condition survey for the designation of class-III facility and to propose an improvement plan for the checklist for the actual condition survey.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.441-451
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• 1996

The surface meteorological and upper layer meteorological observation carried out to investigate influences of sea breeze effect on lower layer atmosphere at Gori nuclear power plant for 29∼30 July, 1996. According to surface meteorological data, the inflow of sea breeze was occurred 11:30 on 29 July, 10:30-on 30 July, respectively, at observation site. And the meteorological tower data showed that wind direction of sea breeze was identified as south-westerly, and wind speed of 58 m was 2 times stronger than that of 10 m. It is notworthy that surface inversion layer which built from the night time to daybreak of next day was not broken off by seab reeze's inflow for daytime, and strong inversion layer observed at 47∼243 m with moderately stable class (F) by URC. It was found that strong stable layer of potential temperature appeared at that layer, maximum relative humidity observed at the bottom of inversion layer and maximum mixing ratio observed in the low of inversion layer.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.317-346
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in teachers' recognition of science class and children for the gifted, and the process of changes in their practical knowledge after the experience of science class and conversation with colleague teachers. Two elementary teachers, teacher A and B, were selected as subject of investigation, who wanted to improve their science class. They experienced the process of self-examination during their class and from class conversations. Teacher A has 10 years of teaching experience. She has been in contact with gifted children and observed them since undergraduate. She entered the graduate school since she came to be interested in science class and children for the gifted. While teacher B has only three years of teaching experience and had a first contact with the gifted after graduate school. The results of this study are as follows. Teacher A didn't change recognition of gifted children class by class conversation in short term because she had a firm faith in good class teaching and was rich in class teaching knowledge. And, her practical knowledge was applied to the next class by changing teaching method or by supplementing her class contents in concerned part through class observation and class conversation with her colleagues. Teacher B was characterized as being lack of class confidence and concerned more about subject knowledge. She was forming a new practical knowledge along with new class teaching knowledge. Teacher B was in trouble with applying new practical knowledge to next class. From such findings, it was concluded that the process of changing or forming of practical knowledge depends on the beliefs, values, experiences, or knowledges of each teacher. A reflection on one' own class teaching could be a good way to form a practical knowledge and improve teaching speciality, when it was concerned with self-reflection of their own class, class observation, and communication with colleagues. Thus, the reflection practice could be applied to the teaching program of teachers for the gifted to form practical knowledge through trial class, self-reflection of class, and conversation with colleagues.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.55 no.12
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• pp.1149-1154
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• 2022

The purpose of this research is to select representative observation stations for winter observation equipment performance tests and to present indoor and outdoor conditions for performance tests by considering snowfall, snowfall days, latitude, and altitude distribution for observation stations operated by the Korea Meteorological Administration. Using the snowfall data observed during the winter for 30 years (1981-2010), ten representative observation stations are selected to consider the classification of snowfall days by class, latitude, and altitude distribution of observation stations. As a result of analysis, the suitable point for outdoor experiments was selected as Daegwallyeong, the average number of snowfall days and snowfall days of 5cm or more were 57.5 and 13.2 days, respectively. The indoor experimental conditions are considered to be suitable under temperatures of -15 to 5℃ and humidity of 50% or higher. Results of this research can be used as basic information for conditions and test beds for performance tests of equipment that can respond to heavy snow disasters in winter.