• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.101-110
• /
• 2009

The vascular plants in the Mt. Hoemun were listed 541 taxa composed of 113 families, 354 genera, 473 species, 1 subspecies, 64 varieties and 3 forms. Divided into 541 taxa; woody plants were 151 taxa (27.9%) and herbaceous plants were 390 taxa (72.1%). Based on the list of rare plants by the Korea Forest Service, 10 taxa were recorded in the studied areas; Lilium distichum (Preservation priority order: No. 159), Lilium callosum (No. 191), Tricyrtis dilatata (No. 97), Iris ensata var. sponianea (No. 197), Gastrodia elata (No.9), Aristolochia contorta (No. 151), Paeonia obovata (No. 30: Legal protection species), Prunus yedoensis (No. 110 : Planted species), Viola albida (No. 202), Schpolia japonica (No. 208). Based on the list of Korean endemic plants, 15 taxa were recorded; Cephalotaxus koreana, Lilium amabile, Salix purpurea var. japonica, Pseudostellaria multiflora, Aconitum pseudolaeve var. erectum, Filipendula glaberrima, Weigela subsessilis, etc. Based on the list of approved for delivering overseas of plants, 10 taxa were recorded; Carex okamotoi, Lilium distichum, Clematis trichotoma, Vaccinium oldhami, Paulownia coreana, Asperula lasiantha; etc. Specific plant species by floral region were total 4S taxa (8.3% of all 541 taxa of vascular plants); Gastrodia elata, Paeonia obovata in class V, Carex arenicola, Corydalis grandicalyx in class IV, 5 taxa (Spiraea salicifolia, Schpolia japonica, Asperula lasiantha, etc.) in class III, 7 taxa (Lilium distichum, Iris ensata var. spontanea, Caryopteris incana, etc.) in class II and 28 taxa (Camptosorus sibiricus, Orixa japonica, Lonicera praeflorens, etc.) in class I. The naturalized plants in the surveyed sites were 13 families, 38 genera, 43 species, 2 varieties, 45 taxa (Phleum pratense, Medicago sativa, Sonchus asper, etc.) and naturalization rate was 8.3% of all 541 taxa of vascular plants. Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. elatior an ecosystem disturbing wild plants have been increasing. Therefore, the counter plants for continuous control and conservation are needed on the ecosystem of Mt. Hoemun.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.14-23
• /
• 2010

The vascular plants in the Haksan, Jeonju were listed 394 taxa; 94 families, 260 genera, 339 species, 1 subspecies, 46 varieties and 8 forms. Divided into woody plants were 111 taxa (28.2%) and herbaceous plants were 283 taxa (71.8%). Based on the list of rare plants by the Korea Forest Service; Viola albida (Preservation priority order : No. 202), Korean endemic plants, 6 taxa were recorded; Lespedeza maximowiczii for. tomentella, Indigofera koreana, Weigela subsessilis, etc. Specific plant species by floral region were total 19 taxa (4.8% of all 394 taxa of vascular plants); Wistaria floribunda (Planted species) in class IV, Acer palmatum (Planted species) and Melothrua japonica in class III, Nymphoides indica in class II, 15 taxa (Botrychium virginianum, Hosta capitata, Salix glandulosa, Quercus variabilis, Rhynchosia acuminatifolia, Ilex macropoda, Impatiens nolitangere, Grewia biloba var. parviflora, Vaccinium oldhami and Lonicera praeflorens, etc.) in class I. The naturalized plants in the surveyed sites were 14 families, 30 genera, 32 taxa (Bromus rigidus, Rumex obtusifolius, Chenopodium ficifloium, Amaranthus lividus, Phytolacca americana, Lepidium apetalum, Amorpha fruticosa, Geranium carolinianum, Ailanthus altissima, Euphorbia supina, Oenothera biennis, Ipomoea purpurea, Veronica persica, Bidens frondosa, etc.) and naturalization rate was 8.1% of all 394 taxa of vascular plants. The ecosystem disturbing wild plants, Rumex acetocella, Aster pilosus and Ambrosia artemisiaefolia having manage to designation with Ministry of Environment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.63-81
• /
• 2013

The vascular plants in the Ohseosan and the Bongsusan, Chungnam were listed 439 taxa (9.0% of all 4,881 taxa of vascular plants); 95 families, 268 genera, 339 species, 5 subspecies, 75 varieties and 20 forms. Furthermore, the Ohseosan were listed 339 taxa and the Bongsusan were listed 306 taxa. So, Hemicryptophytes (H) were 107 taxa (24.4%), Therophytes (Th), Geophytes (G) same as were 82 taxa (18.7%) showed high proportional ratio in life form. Based on the list of rare plants, 4 taxa; Aristolochia contorta, Viola albida, Scutellaria insignis (LC) and Scrophularia koraiensis (DD) and endemic plants, 8 taxa; Aconitum pseudolaeve, Ajuga spectabilis, etc. Based on the list of specific plants, 35 taxa; Wisteria floribunda for. floribunda in class IV, 5 taxa (Scutellaria insignis, Scrophularia koraiensis, etc.) in class III, 5 taxa (Acer triflorum, Cymopterus melanotilingia, etc.) in class II, 24 taxa (Pyrus ussuriensis var. ussuriensis, Campanula punctata, etc.) in class I. Based on the list of naturalized plants, 9 families, 20 genera, 24 taxa (Persicaria orientalis, Carduus crispus, etc.) and ecosystem disturbing plants were Rumex acetocella, Ambrosia artemisiifolia. Naturalization rate was 5.5% of all 439 taxa of vascular plants and urbanization index was 7.5% of all 321 taxa of naturalized plants. In particular, for rare plants, in and ex-situ conservation of genetic resources must surely be done, by preserving present natural habitats, discovering additional natural habitats and securing seeds. Moreover, ecosystem disturbing plants require long-term monitoring and consistent management, since not only do they disturb the ecosystem in competition with Korean native species, but damage humans, too.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.35-51
• /
• 2012

The vascular plants in Bukhansan Dulegil, Jingwan-dong Wetland and Bukhan-dong Cheolgeoji were listed 432 taxa (8.9% of all 4,881 taxa of vascular plants); 95 families, 274 genera, 345 species, 2 subspecies, 69 varieties and 16 forms. Divided into woody plants were 145 taxa (33.6%) and herbaceous plants were 287 taxa (66.4%). The Bukhansan Dulegil were listed (Myeongsang-gil 159 taxa, Huingureum-gil 227 taxa, Wooyiryeong-gil 216 taxa, Banghakdong-gil 139 taxa, Boru-gil 199 taxa), Jingwan-dong Wetland were listed 147 taxa and Bukhan-dong Cheolgeoji were listed 129 taxa. Based on the list of rare plants by Korea Forest Service and Korea National Arboretum were Viola albida Palibin (Violaceae), Iris minutiaurea Makino (Iridaceae) and Korea National Arboretum were endemic plants, Philadelphus schrenkii Rupr. var. schrenkii (Saxifragaceae), Weigela subsessilis L.H. Bailey (Caprifoliaceae). Based on the list of floristic regional indicator plants by Korean Ministry of Environment were total 22 taxa; Wisteria floribunda DC. for. floribunda in class IV, 3 taxa (Betula davurica Pall., Mukdenia rossii Koidz., Glechoma grandis Kuprian., etc.) in class III, 5 taxa (Acer triflorum Kom., Viola orientalis W. Becker, Heloniopsis koreana Fuse & Al., etc.) in class II and 13 taxa (Camptosorus sibiricus Rupr., Clematis patens C. Morren & Decne., Cirsium pendulum Fisch. ex DC., etc.) in class I. Based on the list of naturalized plants, 16 families, 35 genera, 37 species, 3 varieties, 1 form, total 41 taxa (Rumex crispus L., Abutilon theophrasti Medicus, Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx. etc.), naturalization rate was 9.5% of all 432 taxa of vascular plants and urbanization index was 13.3% of all 309 taxa of naturalized plants. Ecosystem disturbing wild plants were 5 taxa; Rumex acetocella L., Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Ambrosia trifida L. var. trifida, Eupatorium rugosum Houtt., Aster pilosus Willd.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.25-40
• /
• 2011

The vascular plants in Jeokjabong, Bogil Island were listed 350 taxa composed of 89 families, 233 genera, 309 species, 1 subspecies, 36 varieties and 4 forms. Divided into woody plants were 142 taxa (40.6%) and herbaceous plants were 208 taxa (59.4%). Based on the list of rare and endangered species by Korea Forest Service and Korea National Arboretum, 3 taxa were recorded; Celtis choseniana, Asarum maculatum, Rubus sorbifolius, and endemic plants, 10 taxa were recorded; Asarum maculatum, Cephalotaxus koreana, Carpinus coreana, Celtis choseniana, Lespedeza maritima, Indigofera koreana, Dendropanax morbifera, Ligustrum quihoui var. latifolium, Weigela subsessilis, Carex okamotoi, and plant species subject to permission for taking abroad, 4 taxa were recorded; Celtis choseniana, Asarum maculatum, Vaccinium oldhami, Carex okamotoi. Based on the list of floristic regional indicator plants by Korean Ministry of Environment were total 64 taxa (18.3% of all 350 taxa of vascular plants); Ligustrum quihoui var. latifolium in class IV, 19 taxa (Stauntonia hexaphylla, Cinnamomum japonicum, Zanthoxylum ailanthoides, Daphniphyllum macropodum, Centella asiatica, Verbena officinalis, Mitchella undulata, etc.) in class III, 5 taxa (Potentilla dickinsii, Ostericum melanotilingia, Sanicula rubriflora, Caryopteris incana, Teucrium veronicoides) in class II and 39 taxa (Gleichenia dichotoma, Cyrtomium fortunei, Aphananthe aspera, Rubus hirsutus, Meliosma myriantha, Hedera rhombea, Ainsliaea apiculata, etc.) in class I. Based on the list of naturalized plants, 5 families, 17 genera, 20 taxa (Phytolacca americana, Lepidium virginicum, Robinia pseudo-acacia, Verbesina alternifolia, Lolium perenne, etc.) and naturalization rate was 5.7% of all 350 taxa of vascular plants. Hereafter natural ecosystem into disturbance on naturalized plants and legal protection species and rare and endangered species distribute in the Bogil Island, precision investigation after management counterplan of the monitoring a point of view be required.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.26 no.6
• /
• pp.923-933
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study targeting Choansan(Mt.) Neighborhood Park in Seoul of South Korea, whose level of visitation and use pressure has been recently increasingly high, was to understand distribution and damage status of forest trail and accordingly, set up direction of how to improve forest trail in urban area. With regards to current damage on forest trail in Choansan(Mt.) Neighborhood Park, the damaged trail with road width of over 2m and with erosion depth of over 30cm amounted to 20.3% and 36.3% respectively. And the trail section with bare land erosion, root exposure or rock exposure and the section whose impact rating class exceeded IV occupied 47.0% and 70.6%, indicating the forest trail was severely damaged. The severely injured trail route mainly included the main forest trail formed along the main ridge, the byroad connected to the main forest trail and the steep forest trail in low-lying area. Based on the study results, five types of restoration of forest trail in Choansan(Mt.) Neighborhood Park were offered, including prevention of forest trail extension, stabilization of forest trail base, maintenance of forest trail surface, vegetation restoration after closing forest trail and maintenance. Ecological restoration was additionally offered. The prevention of forest trail extension was planned to prevent expanded width of forest trail where bare land was exposed. The stabilization of forest trail base was planned to prevent erosion in the forest trail and exposure of roots. The maintenance of forest trail surface was planned in a way to protect the severely damaged forest trail surface by using wood deck and wood stairs and surfacing the road.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.44-53
• /
• 2007

The vascular plants of the studied area in the Gyehwado was listed 378 taxa; 99 families, 259 genera, 322 species, 1 subspecies, 50 varieties and 5 forms. In this, Woody plants were 130 taxa (34.4%), Herbaceous plants were 248 taxa (65.6%) of all 378 taxa vascular plants. Pteridophyta were 7 families, 9 genera, 11 taxa (2.9%), Gymnospermae were 4 families, 5 genera, 9 taxa (2.4%) and Angiospermae were 88 families, 245 genera, 358 taxa (97.7%). Angiospermae in this, Monocotyledoneae were 10 families, 45 genera, 60 taxa (16.8%) and Dicotyledoneae were 78 families, 200 genera, 298 taxa (83.2%). Based on the list of the rare plants by the Forest Research Institute, recorded in the studied areas; Phacelurus latifolius (Preservation priority order; No. 194), Tricyrtis dilatata (No. 97), Aristolochia contorta (No. 151) and based on the list of Korean endemic plants, 6 taxa were recorded; Cephalotaxus koreana, Populus tomentiglandulosa, Carpinus coreana, Indigofera koreana, Forsythia koreana, Weigela subsessilis. Specific plant species by floral region were total 30 taxa; Wistaria floribunda in class IV, 5 taxa (Ligustrum ovalifolium, Callicarpa mollis, Lonicera subhispida, etc.) in class III, 24 taxa (Cephalotaxus koreana, Aristolochia contorta, Grewia biloba var. parviflora, etc.) in class I. The naturalized plants in this site were 12 families, 27 genera, 34 species, 2 varieties, 36 taxa and naturalization rate was 9.5% of all 378 taxa vascular plants.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.227-244
• /
• 2013

The vascular plants in the trail from Jangansan to Palgongsan were listed 389 taxa (8.0% of all 4,881 taxa of Korean vascular plants); 84 families, 226 genera, 325 species, 1 subspecies, 55 varieties and 8 forms. Furthermore, hemicryptophytes (H) were 110 taxa (28.3%), geophytes (G) were 77 taxa (19.8%), megaphanerophytes (MM) were 48 taxa (12.3%), nanophanerophytes (N) were 47 taxa (12.1%) showed high proportional ratio in life form. So, resource plants of 237 taxa of edible (60.9%), 278 taxa of medicinal (71.5%), 229 taxa of ornamental (58.9%) and 178 taxa of the others (45.8%). Based on the list of rare plants, 7 taxa (1.8% of all 389 taxa of flora and 1.2% of all 571 taxa of rare plants); Paeonia japonica (VU), Viola albida, Viola diamantica, Lilium distichum, Disporum ovale, Tricyrtis dilatata, Iris ensata var. spontanea (LC), etc. Based on the list of endemic plants, 7 taxa (1.8% of all 389 taxa of flora and 2.1% of all 328 taxa of endemic plants); Salix koriyanagi, Aconitum pseudolaeve var. erectum, Thalictrum actaefolium var. brevistylum, Philadelphus schrenckii, Asperula lasiantha, Weigela subsessilis, Carex okamotoi, etc. Based on the list of specific plants, 46 taxa (11.8% of all 389 taxa of flora and 4.3% of all 1,071 taxa of specific plants); 2 taxa (Wisteria floribunda for. floribunda, Cardamine yezoensis, etc.) in class IV, 6 taxa (Acer palmatum, Ulmus davidiana, etc.) in class III, 14 taxa (Ligularia fischeri, Cymopterus melanotilingia, etc.) in class II, 24 taxa (Ilex macropoda, Fraxinus mandshurica, etc.) in class I. Based on the list of naturalized plants, 6 families, 16 genera, 18 taxa (Phytolacca americana, Robinia pseudoacacia, Oenothera odorata, Erechtites hieracifolia, Festuca arundinacea, etc.) and invasive alien plants were 3 taxa; Rumex acetocella, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Aster pilosus. Naturalization rate (NR) was 4.6% of all 389 taxa of vascular plants and urbanization index (UI) was 5.6% of all 321 taxa of naturalized plants.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.24-35
• /
• 2006

The vascular plants of the studied area was listed 384 taxa of 90 families, 234 genera, 331 species, 1 subspecies, 45 varieties and 7 forms. The flora of each reservoir, 285 taxa of 83 families, 190 genera, 247 species, 1 subspecies, 30 varieties, 7 forms in Osongjae, 117 taxa of 39 families, 87 genera, 100 species, 17 varieties in Ogongjae, 83 taxa of 30 families, 67 genera, 73 species, 8 varieties, 2 forms in Shinyongjae and 86 taxa of 33families, 70 genera, 75 species, 1 subspecies, 10 varieties in Eodujae. Based on the list of the rare plants by the Forest Research Institute, 3 taxa were recorded in the studied areas; Magnolia kobus (Preservation priority order : No. 187), Penthorum chinense (No. 144), Prunus yedoensis (No. 110) and based on the list of Korean endemic plants, 4 taxa were recorded; Populus tomentiglandulosa, Clematis trichotoma, Prunus yedoensis, Paulownia coreana. Specific plant species by floral region were total 15 taxa; Prunus yedoensis in class V, 2 taxa (Carex idzuroei, Magnolia kobus) in class IV, 2 taxa (Monochoria korsakowi, Poncirus trifoliata ) in class III, 10 taxa (Sagittaria aginashi, Salix glandulosa, Clematis brachyura, Nymphoides peltata, etc.) in class I. The naturalized plants in this site were 13 families, 29 genera, 43 species, 1 varieties, 44 taxa and naturalization rate was 11.5% and based on the list of an ecosystem disturbance plants, 3 taxa were recorded in the studied areas : Paspalum distichum, Solanum carolinense, Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. elatior. The hydrophytes was listed 31 taxa of 15 families, 20 genera, 29 species, 2 varieties and Eleocharis mamillata var. cyclocarpa, Penthorum chinense, Soirodela polyrhiza were recorded in Osongjae, Sagittaria aginashi, Eleocharis kuroguwai, Scirpus juncoides, Scirpus triqueter, Monochoria korsakowi, Monochoria vaginalis var. plantaginea were recorded in Ogongjae. Besides, Scirpus fluviatilis, Trapa pseudoincisa were recorded in Shinyongjae and Scirpus triangulatus, Nymphoides peltata, Myriophyllum verticillatum were recorded in Eodujae. This site is located in the urban area and ecosystem-disturbing wild animal and plant has been imported here, therefore ecosystem has been disturbed more and more. The wetland here rapidly has changed into upland, so it needs conservation measures through long-term monitoring.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.23-40
• /
• 2012

The vascular plants of major sites in Changwon-si were listed 456 taxa (9.3% of all 4,881 taxa of vascular plants); 112 families, 293 genera, 371 species, 2 subspecies, 66 varieties and 17 forms. The vascular plants of Changwon-cheon were listed 133 taxa, Junam reservoir were listed 90 taxa, Seongju-sa were listed 293 taxa, and Yungji park were listed 164 taxa. Divided into 456 taxa; woody plants were 160 taxa (35.1%) and herbaceous plants were 296 taxa (64.9%). Furthermore, therophytes (Th) were 111 taxa (24.3%), hemicryptophytes (H) were 75 taxa (16.4%), megaphanerophytes (MM) were 63 taxa (13.8%) showed high proportional ratio in life form. Based on the list of rare plants by the Korea Forest Service and Korea National Arboretum, 10 taxa (1.8% of all 571 taxa of rare plants); Aristolochia contorta (LC), Euryale ferox (VU), Melothrua japonica (LC), Utricularia pilosa (CR), Hydrocharis dubia (LC), Carex idzuroei (DD), Acorus calamus var. angustatus (LC), etc. Based on the list of endemic plants by the Korea National Arboretum, 10 taxa (3.0% of all 328 taxa of endemic plants); Salix pseudolasiogyne, Philadelphus incanus, Indigofera koreana, Lespedeza ${\times}$ maritima, Stewartia pseudocamellia, Weigela subsessilis, Carex okamotoi, etc. Based on the list of specific plants by floral region were total 43 taxa (4.0% of all 1,071 taxa of specific plants); 4 taxa (Euryale ferox, Hydrocharis dubia, Carex idzuroei, etc.) in class IV, 9 taxa (Ilex crenata, Acer palmatum, Stewartia pseudocamellia, Melothria japonica, Fatsia japonica, etc.) in class III, 3 taxa (Caltha palustris var. membranacea, Nymphoides indica, etc.) in class II, 26 taxa (Cyrtomium fortunei, Chloranthus japonicus, Quercus variabilis, Ulmus parvifolia, Aphananthe aspera, etc.) in class I. Based on the list of naturalized plants, 48 taxa (Rumex crispus, Chenopodium album var. album, Amaranthus patulus, Phytolacca american, Brassica juncea var. integrifolia, Potentilla paradoxa, Robinia pseudoacacia, Euphorbia maculata, Oenothera odorata, Cuscuta pentagona, Veronica persica, Plantago lanceolata, Diodia teres, Helianthus tuberosus, Dactylis glomerata, etc.), naturalization rate was 10.5% of all 456 taxa of vascular plants and urbanization index was 15.0% of all 321 taxa of naturalized plants. Ecosystem disturbing wild plants were 3 taxa (Rumex acetocella, Solanum carolinense, Ambrosia artemisiifolia).