• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.421-436
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• 2001

Transforming growth $factor-{\beta}(TGF-{\beta})$is a polypeptide biologic mediator considered to play a role in promoting bone formation in bony defect area. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of $TGF-{\beta}$ to the periodontal regeneration of class III furcation defect in dogs. Classs III furcation defects were surgically created on the third and the fourth premolars bilaterally in the mandibles of eight mongrel dogs. Experimental periodontitis were induced by placing small cotton pellets into the created defects for 3 weeks. Experimental sites were divided into 4 groups according to the treatment modalities: Group I-Surgical debridement only; Group II-allogenic demineralized freeze dried bone grafting; Group III-allogenic demineralized freeze dried bone soaked in $TGF-{\beta}(4ng/10{\mu}l)$grafting; Group IV-allogenic demineralized freeze dried bone soaked in $TGF-{\beta}(20ng/10{\mu}l)$ grafting. The animals were sacrificed in the 8th week after periodontal surgery and the decalcified and undecalcified specimens were for histological and histometric examination. Although no significant differences was seen in the length of epitheial growth and connective attachment, group III showed the least apical migration among treatment groups. The amount of bone repair was significantly greater in group III, IV compared to group I and group II. New attachment formation was significantly greater in group III and group IV compared to group I and group II. These results suggest the allogenic demineralized freeze dried bone with $TGF-{\beta}$ in class III furcation defect has the potentiality of promoting alveolar bone formation and periodontal regeneration.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.845-866
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• 1997

Several experimental studies showed that the application of small amounts of electric current to bone stimulated osteogenesis at the site of the cathode and suggests that the application of electrical currents to periodontal defects could promote bone and cementum formation. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of direct microcurrent to the periodontal regeneration of class III furcation defects in dogs. Class III furcation defects were surgically created on the third and the fourth premolars bilaterally in the mandibles of nine mongrel dogs. Experimental periodontitis were induced by placing small cotton pellets into the created defects for 3 weeks. The experimental sites were divided into three groups according to the treatment modalities: Group I-surgical debridement only; Group II-allogenic demineralized freeze dried bone grafting; Group III-allogenic demineralized freeze dried bone grafting and electrical stimulation. For fluorescence microscopic evaluation, calcein, oxytetracycline HCI and alizarin red were injected 2, 4 and 8 weeksfS days prior to sacrifice) after surgery. The animals were sacrificed in the 1st, 2nd, 4th and 8th week after periodontal surgery and the decalcified and undecalcified specimens were prepared for histological and histometrical examination. After the first and the second weeks, gingival recession was more severe in group I than groups II and III. After the fourth and the eighth weeks, there was no difference in the width of junctional epithelium and connective tissue attachment among the three groups, but the width of connective tissue attachment increased in group II at the eighth week, compared to the fourth week. The amount of bone repair in new attachment was significantly greater in group III, compared to groups I and II. New attachment formation was significantly greater in group III, compared to groups I and group II. These results suggest that electrical stimulation using microcurrent generator could be a useful tool for periodontal regenerative therapy in class III furcation defect.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.229-242
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of fibrin tissue adhesive and porous resorbable calcium carbonate on the periodontal regeneration of the class II furcation defect in dogs. Class II furcation defect was surgically created on the second, third, and fourth premolars bilaterally in the mandibles of six mongrel dogs. The experimental sites were divided into four groups according to the treatment modalities: Control-surgical debridement only; Group I-calcium carbonate grafting; Group II-application of fibrin adhesive only; Group III-application of fibrin adhesive after calcium carbonate grafting. The animals were sacrificed at the 2, 4, and 12 weeks after periodontal surgery and the decalcified specimens were prepared for histological and histometrical examination. The results are as follows : Clinically, there were no inflammatory response in all groups after 2, 4, 12 weeks. In the Control group, junctional epithelium was grown downward to the reference notch. In Group I, graft materials were exfoliated from the defect throughout the experimenta periods andnew bone was seen in the notch area at 4 and 12 week specimens. In Group II, fibrin adhesive was absorbed at 2 week specimens, and connective tissue attachment increased than that of control group. New cementum and new bone were seen above the notch area. In Group III, the graft material was maintained in the defect throughout the experimental period and inducing the amount of periodontal tissue regeneration was higher than other groups. These results suggest that the use of fibrin tissue adhesive in conjunction with porous resorbable calcium carbonate would improves the stability of graft material and inhibit the epithelial down growth and make it be a feasible method for periodontal regeneration.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.799-821
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• 1996

The ultimate goal of periodontal treatment has been to facilitate regeneration of diseased periodontal tissues, destroyed by inflammatory periodontal disease. For regeneration of the periodontium to occur, all of component tissues must be restored to their original position and architecture. Growth factors which were known to promote the cellular processes, ie, proliferation, migration and matrix synthesis, have been in the spotlight of current periodontics. Platelet-derived growth factor(PDGF) stimulates collagen and non collagen protein synthesis, migration and proliferation of periodontal ligament cells. Insulin-like growth factor(IGF) has potentials to induce collagen and bone matrix synthesis so that it regulates normal bone remodeling. Application of the combination have been known to facilitate formation of bone and cementum, and to synergistically interact to promote coronal migration and proliferation of periodontal ligament cells. These two growth factors have been reported to exhibit positive effect in the periodontally diseased teeth or class m furcation defects. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that PDGF-BB alone or the combination of PDGF-BB and IGF-I can predictably enhance regeneration of the periodontium in the dehiscence defect. Following the resection of premolars, roots were embedded. After 12 weeks of healing period, standardized experimental $4{\times}4mm$ dehiscence defects were created on the mid-facial of the premolar roots in each of 4 young adult dogs. In control group, only methylcellulose gel was inserted in the defects. In experimental group I and II, gel with $2{\mu}g$ of PDGF-BB or $2{\mu}g$ of PDGF-BB and $1{\mu}g$ of IGF-I was inserted in the defects, respectively. At 8 weeks postsurgery, the dogs were sacrificed. The results were observed histologically and analyzed histomorphometrically.The results of this study were as follws. 1. The new cementum formation was $1.26{\pm}0.69mm$ in the control group, $1.80{\pm}0.84mm$ in the experimental group I, $1.93{\pm}0.51mm$ in the experimental group II. The experimental group III, the experimental group I, the control group were in the order of cementum formation without statistically significant differences between control and all experimental groups. 2. The new bone formation was $1.00{\pm}0.53mm$ in the control group, $1.53{\pm}0.63mm$ in the experimental group I, $l.33{\pm}0.45mm$ in the experimental group II. The experimental group I, the experimental group II, the control group were in the order of bone formation without statistically significant differences between control and all experimental groups. 3. The root resorption was $1.12{\pm}0.64mm$ in the control group, $1.34{\pm}0.73mm$ in the experimental group I, $0.79{\pm}0.59mm$ in the experimental group II without statistically significant differences between control and all experimental groups. These results suggested that the use of PDGF-BB alone or PDGF-BB and IGF-I in the dehiscence defects might facilitate periodontal regeneration in some degree, but has not shown statistically significant results.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.603-613
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• 1995

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate on the biodegradability, biocompatibility and tissue regenerative capacity of synthetic bioabsorbable membranes in beagle dogs. For animal study, 9 adult beagle dogs were used to examination, on the surgical implantation of membranes and histological analysis. In each animal, the 3rd and 4th premolars of the both sides of the mandible were selected as test teeth. Two types of bioresorbable membranes including "Guidor membrane", "S-membranes" were used to examining for biological activity, and also Gore-tex membranes was used for positive control. Surgically created defects were made in 2 premolars of both sides of the mandible at $3{\times}4mm^2$ in size and tested membranes were implanted in the defected area. A plaque control regimen was instituted with daily tooth brushing with a 0.1% chlorhexidine digluconate during experimental periods. All the experimental animals were sacrificed after 2, 4, and 8 weeks from surgery and undecalcified slides were prepared using the "sawing and grinding" technique described by Donath and Breuner". In biodegradability, all the membranes were started their biodegradation from two weeks after implantation and gradually demolished of their frame morphology from eight weeks. However, demolition of membranes in 8 weeks after implantation was highest in Guidor membranes and followed by S-membranes. Biocompatibilityof two kinds of biodegradable membranes including Guidor and S-mambrane were shown to be well tolerated to the surrounding tissue, and were minimal accumulation of inflammatory cell infiltration around the implanted membranes to compare with Gore-tex membrane. Regeneration of defected alveolar bone was initiated from two weeks of membrane implantation and new bone formation was gradually increased from that time. However, pattern of new bone formation on the defected areas of two kinds of biodegrable membranes was almost similar and quite competitive comparing with Gore-tex membrane. These results implicate that bioresorbable membranes should be highly useful tool for guided tissue regeneration of periodontal defects.