• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.599-606
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• 2022

This study investigates trends and changes in gender expression in film and animation. It compares how gender, race, and class discrimination that was socially and culturally expressed differently in past and modern media contents. Indiscriminate content appreciation by the "digital native" generation is likely to unconsciously create false stereotypes. In this study, 「Aladdin」(1992) and 「Aladdin」(2019) were analyzed. This study looks at in the characters have changed since the original, which was a 2D animation in 1992, was re-released as a live-action film in 2019. For character analysis, we compare and analyze major characters and find out the differences based on the nine personality types of Enneagram, which define human personality types. As a result, Princess Jasmine's character change was remarkable. In the past, Disney animations had the majority of patriarchal and male-dependent princess characters, but now Disney is aiming for self-directed and independent female characters. Also, scenes that could instill stereotypes of gender, race, and class were changed. Disney's change can be seen as expressing the gender image that the public wants. Analysis of the change in character's personality in these works can be a useful methodology for creating attractive characters for the public.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.43
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• pp.67-102
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to analyze the human rights found in the North Korean Constitution and their core problem by focusing on elements of human rights suggested by Daesoon Jinrihoe's doctrine of Haewon-sangsaeng (解冤相生 the Resolution of Grievances for Mutual Beneficence). Haewon-sangsaeng is seemingly the only natural law that could resolve human resentment lingering from the Mutual Contention of the Former World while leading humans work for the betterment of one another. Haewon-sangsaeng, as a natural law, includes the right to life, the right to autonomous decision-making, and duty to act according to human dignity (physical freedom, the freedom of conscience, freedom of religion, freedom of speech, freedom of press, etc.), the right to equal treatment in one's social environment, and the right to ensure the highest level of health through treatment. The North Korean Constitution does not have a character as an institutional device to guarantee natural human rights, the fundamental principle of the Constitution, and stipulates the right of revolutionary warriors to defend dictators and dictatorships. The right to life is specified so that an individual's life belongs to the life of the group according to their socio-political theory of life. Rights to freedom are stipulated to prioritize group interests over individual interests in accordance with the principle of collectivism. The right to equality and the right to health justify discrimination through class discrimination. The right to life provided to North Koreans is not guaranteed due to the death penalty system found within the North Korean Criminal Code and the Criminal Code Supplementary Provisions. The North Korean regime deprives North Koreans of their right to die with dignity through public executions. The North Korean regime places due process under the direction of the Korea Worker's Party, recognizes religion as superstition or opium, and the Korea Worker's Party acknowledge the freedoms of bodily autonomy, religion, media, or press. North Koreans are classified according to their status, and their rights to equality are not guaranteed because they are forced to live a pre-modern lifestyle according to the patriarchal order. In addition, health rights are not guaranteed due biased availability selection and accessibility in the medical field as well as the frequent shortages of free treatments.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.113-125
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• 2012

This research is aimed at evaluating the land surface characterization of KOMPSAT-3A middle infrared (MIR) data. Airborne Hyperspectral Scanner (AHS) data, which has MIR bands with high spatial resolution, were used to assess land surface temperature (LST) retrieval and classification accuracy of MIR bands. Firstly, LST values for daytime and nighttime, which were calculated with AHS thermal infrared (TIR) bands, were compared to digital number of AHS MIR bands. The determination coefficient of AHS band 68 (center wavelength $4.64{\mu}m$) was over 0.74, and was higher than other MIR bands. Secondly, The land cover maps were generated by unsupervised classification methods using the AHS MIR bands. Each class of land cover maps for daytime, such as water, trees, green grass, roads, roofs, was distinguished well. But some classes of land cover maps for nighttime, such as trees versus green grass, roads versus roofs, were not separated. The image classification using the difference images between daytime AHS MIR bands and nighttime AHS MIR bands were conducted to enhance the discrimination ability of land surface for AHS MIR imagery. The classification accuracy of the land cover map for zone 1 and zone 2 was 67.5%, 64.3%, respectively. It was improved by 10% compared to land cover map of daytime AHS MIR bands and night AHS MIR bands. Consequently, new algorithm based on land surface characteristics is required for temperature retrieval of high resolution MIR imagery, and the difference images between daytime and nighttime was considered to enhance the ability of land surface characterization using high resolution MIR data.

• Archives of design research
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• v.18 no.4 s.62
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• pp.15-24
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• 2005

The demand against the house space of the style which is various increases with to join in and the importance which the color does hold gradually is magnified and color meaning from house space is embossed, diversification the necessity of the color plan which hits to the social change which is turning out is recognized. From the research which it sees the importance recognition against the color plan which is must become accomplished variousfrom house space. It analyzes the color tendency of the apartment model house and it presents it does the guide line of house space color design $2001{\sim}2004$ It was sold in lots from the year Busan area in center, the acreage and the space(the wall/the ceiling, the furniture type, the window and door type and the floor type) it used 'The hue&tone 120 color system' and it grasped to the sincere analysis method and the color use present condition which leads a frequency analysis. When it sees the color analysis result of the research which it sees space especially the color plan period for a discrimination compared to the organic enemy the unity which considers a relationship the crisis which will the plan is become accomplished with the direction for, Magnification feeling or high class of the area it is that it shows the color tendency which is discriminated it was with equilibrium general classification.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.137-148
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to prevent and review counter-action for the sexual harassment in campus by revealing current state of sexual harassment in campus relatively weak in sexual discrimination with regard to sexual harassment emerged as social problem serious in our nation. The targets of study were students and assistants in three schools located at $Kwangju\cdot{Chonnam}$ area, a questionnaire made by pre-researcher was applied to student vs. assistant with regard to sexual consciousness and recognition, and current state of sexual harassment, with analysis of material processed through statistical analysis using SPSSWIN 10.0 for verification of $$\chi$^2$ for identification of difference vs. family and student vs. assistant. The result of this research with regard to sexual harassment is under following: Firstly, the recognition of concept of sexual harassment was proved to be aware of be more than half a responders above average, lack of recognition showed significant number requiring establishment of concept of sexual harassment, the responders stated that they could do it alone should be treated in the counseling room in school. Secondly, 28.7% of students and assistants answered that they have suffered from sexual harassment now and. before, even a great number of males have experienced such sexual harassment. In case of female assistants, more than half of them suffered from sexual harassment suggesting us significant level of sexual harassment to female assistants. A depth of sexual harassment to assistants should be investigated in a further way by preparing for and establishing concrete preventive actions and researches, mostly suffered by males; In this respect, a preventive training of sexual harassment should be deemed to be provided to males. Thirdly, as a result of investigation of sex education and preventive action against sexual harassment in college, most of elementary, junior, junior high school hardly provide no or inefficient sexual harassment, and they responded that the campus needs its education. As a way to educate campus with sexual harassment efficiently, a special lecture or regular class might be designed for systematic education or sexual harassment through schools counseling room might be effective emphasizing upon role of the room according to opinions of responders. The college is required to install such offices or centers as can exclusively manage and take charge of sex education program operation, legal system of anti-sexual harassment, or personnel arrangement for such activities in school by reflecting such result into school for appropriate and efficient education of or counseling to sex.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.569-579
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• 2013

In this study, land-cover classification was implemented using features extracted from multi-temporal SAR data through 3D wavelet transform and the applicability of the 3D wavelet transform as a feature extraction approach was evaluated. The feature extraction stage based on 3D wavelet transform was first carried out before the classification and the extracted features were used as input for land-cover classification. For a comparison purpose, original image data without the feature extraction stage and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) based features were also classified. Multi-temporal Radarsat-1 data acquired at Dangjin, Korea was used for this experiment and five land-cover classes including paddy fields, dry fields, forest, water, and built up areas were considered for classification. According to the discrimination capability analysis, the characteristics of dry field and forest were similar, so it was very difficult to distinguish these two classes. When using wavelet-based features, classification accuracy was generally improved except built-up class. Especially the improvement of accuracy for dry field and forest classes was achieved. This improvement may be attributed to the wavelet transform procedure decomposing multi-temporal data not only temporally but also spatially. This experiment result shows that 3D wavelet transform would be an effective tool for feature extraction from multi-temporal data although this procedure should be tested to other sensors or other areas through extensive experiments.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.151-164
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• 2018

The appropriate interpretation of social cues is a crucial ability for everyday life. While processing socially relevant information, beyond the low-level physical features of the stimuli to emotional information is known to influence human cognition in various stages, from early perception to later high-level cognition, such as working memory (WM). However, it remains unclear how the influence of each type of emotional information on cognitive processes changes in response to what has occurred in the processing stage. Past studies have largely adopted face stimuli to address this type of research question, but we used a unique class of socially relevant motion stimuli, called biological motion (BM), which depicts various human actions and emotions with moving dots to exhibit the effects of anger, happiness, and neutral emotion on task performance in perceptual and working memory. In this study, participants determined whether two BM stimuli, sequentially presented with a delay between them (WM task) or one immediately after the other (perceptual task), were identical. The perceptual task showed that discrimination accuracies for emotional stimuli (i.e., angry and happy) were lower than those for neutral stimuli, implying that emotional information has a negative impact on early perceptual processes. Alternatively, the results of the WM task showed that the accuracy drop as the interstimulus interval increased was actually lower in emotional BM conditions than in the neutral condition, which suggests that emotional information benefited maintenance. Moreover, anger and happiness had distinct impacts on the performance of perception and WM. Our findings have significance as we provide evidence for the interaction of type of emotion and information-processing stage.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.111-116
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• 2013

Background: Cigarette smoking is the major risk factor for development of lung cancer. Identification of effects of tobacco on airway gene expression may provide insight into the causes. This research aimed to compare gene expression of large airway epithelium cells in normal smokers (n=13) and non-smokers (n=9) in order to find genes which discriminate the two groups and assess cigarette smoking effects on large airway epithelium cells.Materials and Methods: Genes discriminating smokers from non-smokers were identified by applying a neural network clustering method, growing self-organizing maps (GSOM), to microarray data according to class discrimination scores. An index was computed based on differentiation between each mean of gene expression in the two groups. This clustering approach provided the possibility of comparing thousands of genes simultaneously. Results: The applied approach compared the mean of 7,129 genes in smokers and non-smokers simultaneously and classified the genes of large airway epithelium cells which had differently expressed in smokers comparing with non-smokers. Seven genes were identified which had the highest different expression in smokers compared with the non-smokers group: NQO1, H19, ALDH3A1, AKR1C1, ABHD2, GPX2 and ADH7. Most (NQO1, ALDH3A1, AKR1C1, H19 and GPX2) are known to be clinically notable in lung cancer studies. Furthermore, statistical discriminate analysis showed that these genes could classify samples in smokers and non-smokers correctly with 100% accuracy. With the performed GSOM map, other nodes with high average discriminate scores included genes with alterations strongly related to the lung cancer such as AKR1C3, CYP1B1, UCHL1 and AKR1B10. Conclusions: This clustering by comparing expression of thousands of genes at the same time revealed alteration in normal smokers. Most of the identified genes were strongly relevant to lung cancer in the existing literature. The genes may be utilized to identify smokers with increased risk for lung cancer. A large sample study is now recommended to determine relations between the genes ABHD2 and ADH7 and smoking.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.480-494
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• 2013

Globally branded culture festival in the region as a key component to the originality and distinction and with local residents and visitors to share experience and has succeeded in branding through Mind. Than mimics festivals in competitive and differentiated cultures containing festivals create a unique festival brand, and through the cultural and economic competitiveness, as well as the phase of the World Festival and preserve local culture and identity. Developing The best areas will be an asset. In order to build this world-class festival brand differentiation strategy above all, must be a top priority, Discrimination discovery and development of the local culture and sensibility in the age of the most powerful marketing tool that is being presented through storytelling brand assets to be passed on to visitors should. Thus the creation of storytelling festivals. Sensitivity of the festival right direction and in an era of paradigm key drivers of the local economy, such as image enhancement, and building long-term regional development and differentiation based on quality of life by creating a local culture can improve will Region's cultural and economic areas, the most important resource for the success of the festival is uniformly short-term planning and configuration, tube-driven operating as a one-sided non-participation. Sharing. Communication with an emphasis on the application of storytelling that is essential is considered.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.211-222
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to classify the expenditure behaviors of housewives into some types and to identify the characteristics of the types focucing on diverse expenditure behaviors of urban households. In this study it is assumed that the expenditure behaviors are classified by there factors-(1)the orientation of money saving (2)the orientation of time saving and (3)the orientation of others. The present study suggests following three questions. (1). Can the expenditure behaviors of urban housewives be classified according to the orientation of money saving the orientation of others? (2) What distictions exist among the types? (3) Which variables are useful in classifying the expenditure behaviors? For empirical analysis the data of the study was collected from 650 housewives living in Seoul. The statistical methods adopted for data analysis are frequency percentage mean Pearson's correlation coefficient factor analysis cluster analysis one way ANOVA Duncun's multiple ran e test and discriminant analysis. As the major findings 4 types were extracted, According to the level of each dimensions the names for the each type were given as "the type of attaching importance to money saving" "the type of attaching importance to time and appearance" "the type of attaching importance to money saving and time" "the type of attaching importance to money saving and time" "the type of attaching importance to money saving and time" "the type of attaching importance to money saving and appearance" In "the type of attaching importance to money saving" the significant portion of housewives have high school degrees and compared with other types this type includes more husbands having sales and service job 55% of housewives of "The type of attaching importance to time and appearance" have graduate or higher degrees. The significant part of earned incomes range from 3 million won to 5 million won. The rate of housewives employed in the professional job is higher than other types. In "The type of attaching importance to money saving and time" the rate of the employment of housewives in this type is the highest among the types. In "The type of attaching importance to money saving and appearance" the significant portion of housewives have graduate degrees. In the jobs of he spouses the management job is major. The consciousness of belonging to the middle class is higher than other types. In this type the level of education is high but that of income is not. The result of the discriminant analysis says that the earned income and the consciousness of belonging to a calss are the most critical variables to classify the expenditure behaviors into 4 type The accuray of the classification of the discrimination equation composed of these variables is 47,5% The accuracy is improved by 10%.