• 대한화학회지
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• 제59권1호
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• pp.69-77
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• 2015

본 연구는 논의를 강조한 주장과 증거 글쓰기 교수 학습 전략을 적용하여 조별 논의 후와 학급 논의 후에 주장과 증거 글쓰기의 변화, 비판적 사고력의 변화, 수업에 대한 인식을 알아보는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 서울 소재 고등학교 2학년 2개 학급의 학생 72명을 대상으로 한 학기 동안 화학 I의 10개의 주제에 대하여 논의를 강조한 주장과 증거 글쓰기 수업을 하였다. 조별 논의 후에 주장 점수는 9개 주제에서 증거점수는 10개 모든 주제에서, 학급 논의 후에 주장 점수는 7개 주제에서 증거 점수는 10개 모든 주제에서 통계적으로 유의미하게 향상되었다. 설문에서 학생들은 조별 논의를 하는 과정에서 문제 상황을 이해하게 되어 주장과 증거를 만들 수 있었고, 학급 논의를 통해 충분한 증거를 제시할 수 있었다고 응답하였다. 학생들의 비판적 사고 능력 점수가 통계적으로 유의미하게 향상된 결과 또한 이를 뒷받침한다.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.77-92
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• 2011

Objectives : This study examined the health policy researchers' needs and their accessibility towards health insurance claim datasets according to their academic capacity. Methods : An online questionnaire to capture relevant proxy variables for academic needs, accessibility, and research capacity was constructed based on previous studies. The survey was delivered to active health policy researchers through three major scholarly associations in South Korea. Seven-hundred and one scholars responded while the survey as open for 12 days (starting on December 20th, 2010). Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis were carried out. Results : Regardless of the definition for operational needs, the prevalent needs of survey respondents were not met with the current provision of claim data. Greater research capacity was shown to be correlated with increased demand for claim data along with a positive correlation between attempts to obtain claim datasets and research capacity. A greater research capacity, however, was not necessarily correlated with better accessibility to the claim data. Conclusions : The substantial unmet need for claim data among the healthcare policy research community calls for establishing proactive institutions which could systematically prepare and make available public datasets and provide call-in services to facilitate proper handling of data.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.14-32
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• 2019

Purpose - This study is designed to provide new insights on trade claim management by typifying trade claims from a relational perspective, which defines trade as an organic combination that exchanges relationships based on a mutual goal instead of conflicts between obligations and rights of the contracting parties. Design/methodology - This is a phenomenological study that aims to typify trade claims based on a relational perspective and extract implications for trade claim management. The research procedures of this study are as follows. First, international commercial dispute cases applying the CISG are collected. Second, the cases collected are quantified through content analysis. The variables for quantification are developed based on a relationship perspective. Third, cluster analysis is conducted on coded data to typify cases. And finally, this study compares the characteristics of each type using analysis of variance and suggests implications for the strategic management of trade claims from a relational perspective. Findings - Results show that trade claims are divided into four clusters, depending on whether flexibility is accepted or not and which party violates mutuality. There is also a difference between the claimant and the cause of the claim, according to the cluster. Based on the results, this study suggests that the buyer and the seller should employ different strategies depending on the type of trade claim and presents proposals for strategic claim management. Originality/value - Firstly, this study extends the theoretical discussion on trade claims by applying relational contract theory. Prior studies on trade claims have been primarily based on traditional contract theory. The second is to analyze trade claims quantitatively. Prior case studies on trade claims have mainly relied on qualitative research. Finally, the study contributes to international commercial practice by typifying trade claims and presenting options for strategic management.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제24권8호
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• pp.171-188
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• 2020

Purpose - This is an exploratory study that aims to apply text mining techniques, which computationally extracts words from the large-scale text data, to legal documents to quantify trade claim contents and enables statistical analysis. Design/methodology - This is designed to verify the validity of the application of text mining techniques as a quantitative methodology for trade claim studies, that have relied mainly on a qualitative approach. The subjects are 81 cases of arbitration and court judgments from China published on the website of the UNCITRAL where the CISG was applied. Validation is performed by comparing the manually analyzed result with the automatically analyzed result. The manual analysis result is the cluster analysis wherein the researcher reads and codes the case. The automatic analysis result is an analysis applying text mining techniques to the result of the cluster analysis. Topic modeling and semantic network analysis are applied for the statistical approach. Findings - Results show that the results of cluster analysis and text mining results are consistent with each other and the internal validity is confirmed. And the degree centrality of words that play a key role in the topic is high as the between centrality of words that are useful for grasping the topic and the eigenvector centrality of the important words in the topic is high. This indicates that text mining techniques can be applied to research on content analysis of trade claims for statistical analysis. Originality/value - Firstly, the validity of the text mining technique in the study of trade claim cases is confirmed. Prior studies on trade claims have relied on traditional approach. Secondly, this study has an originality in that it is an attempt to quantitatively study the trade claim cases, whereas prior trade claim cases were mainly studied via qualitative methods. Lastly, this study shows that the use of the text mining can lower the barrier for acquiring information from a large amount of digitalized text.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제24권12호
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• pp.1179-1189
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• 2023

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the reporting quality of research articles that applied deep learning to medical imaging. Using the Checklist for Artificial Intelligence in Medical Imaging (CLAIM) guidelines and a journal with prominence in Asia as a sample, we intended to provide an insight into reporting quality in the Asian region and establish a journal-specific audit. Materials and Methods: A total of 38 articles published in the Korean Journal of Radiology between June 2018 and January 2023 were analyzed. The analysis included calculating the percentage of studies that adhered to each CLAIM item and identifying items that were met by ≤ 50% of the studies. The article review was initially conducted independently by two reviewers, and the consensus results were used for the final analysis. We also compared adherence rates to CLAIM before and after December 2020. Results: Of the 42 items in the CLAIM guidelines, 12 items (29%) were satisfied by ≤ 50% of the included articles. None of the studies reported handling missing data (item #13). Only one study respectively presented the use of de-identification methods (#12), intended sample size (#19), robustness or sensitivity analysis (#30), and full study protocol (#41). Of the studies, 35% reported the selection of data subsets (#10), 40% reported registration information (#40), and 50% measured inter and intrarater variability (#18). No significant changes were observed in the rates of adherence to these 12 items before and after December 2020. Conclusion: The reporting quality of artificial intelligence studies according to CLAIM guidelines, in our study sample, showed room for improvement. We recommend that the authors and reviewers have a solid understanding of the relevant reporting guidelines and ensure that the essential elements are adequately reported when writing and reviewing the manuscripts for publication.

• 화약ㆍ발파
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.53-58
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• 1997

• 화약ㆍ발파
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.40-47
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• 1997

• 무역상무연구
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• 제76권
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• pp.125-145
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• 2017

Where an insurer has unreasonably refused to pay a claim or paid it after unreasonably delay, the existing law in England does not provide a remedy for the insured. Accordingly, the insured is not entitled to damages for any loss suffered as a result of the insurer's unreasonable delay. This legal position differs from the law in Scotland and most major common law jurisdictions. LC thought that the legal position in England is anomalous and out of step with general contractual principles. LC considered that a policyholder should have a remedy where an insurer has acted unreasonably in delaying or refusing payment of claim, and, therefore, recommended a statutory implied term in every insurance that the insurer will pay sums due within a reasonable time and breach of that term should give rise to contractual remedies, including damages. More detailed recommendations of LC are as followings. First, it should be an implied term of every insurance contract that, where an insured makes a claim under the contract, the insurer must pay sums due within a reasonable time. Secondly, a reasonable time should always include a reasonable time for investigating and assessing a claim. Although a reasonable time will depend on all the relevant circumstances, for example, the following things may need to be taken into account, that is, (1) the type of insurance, (2) the size and complexity of the claim, (3) compliance with any relevant statutory rules or guidance, and (4) factors outside the insurer's control. Thirdly, if the insurer can show that it had reasonable grounds for disputing the claim(whether as to pay or not, or the amount payable), the insurer does not breach the obligation to pay within a reasonable time merely by failing to pay the claim while the dispute is continuing. In those circumstances, the conduct of the insurer in handling the dispute may be a relevant factor in deciding whether the obligation was breached and, if so, when. Fourthly, Normal contractual remedies for breach of contract should be available for breach of the implied term to pay sums due within a reasonable time. Finally, In non-consumer insurance contracts, the insurer should be permitted to exclude or limit its liability for breach of the obligation to pay sums due within a reasonable time, unless such breach was deliberate or reckless, and such an insurer's right to contract out will be subject to satisfying the transparency requirements.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.35-44
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• 2016

건설 프로젝트의 특성 상, 예측하기 어려운 리스크 인자에 노출되기 쉽고, 다양한 이해관계자들이 함께 동일 프로젝트를 수행하는 과정에서 발생하는 분쟁이 주요 리스크 인자로 인식된다. 다양한 분쟁은 주로 클레임 제기, 조정, 중재, 그리고 소송으로 나타나며 막대한 비용과 시간의 손실을 초래할 수 있다. 따라서 국내 건설기업의 건설 프로젝트 수행과정에서 발생하는 클레임, 분쟁의 유형과 원인을 도출하고, 각 원인의 영향도 분석을 통해 클레임, 분쟁관리에 대한 적극적인 대비가 필요하다. 본 연구는 국내 건설프로젝트에서 발생한 클레임, 분쟁 판례를 수집하여 유형과 원인에 따른 빈도와 영향도를 정량화 하고, 중요도 분석을 통해 주요 클레임 원인을 도출하였다. 도출된 주요 클레임 원인은 공사변경, 상대방의 부당한 행위, 공사 지연에 관한 클레임으로 해당 클레임 원인이 발생할 경우 클레임 비용에 대한 예측을 회귀 모형화 하였다. 주요 클레임 원인별 영향도 예측 결과 공사변경의 경우 전체공사비의 16.1%, 상대방의 부당한 행위는 전체공사비의 5.7%, 공사 지연은 전체공사비의 2.7%로 발생하는 것으로 분석되었다. 본 연구결과를 통해 국내 건설산업의 주요 클레임 요인을 도출하고, 클레임 비용을 예측함으로써 보다 적극적인 클레임 대비에 활용 될 수 있도록 하였고, 더 나아가 국내 건설기업의 프로젝트 관리 역량 평가 및 향상에 기여하고자 하였다.

• 산업공학
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.176-181
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• 2010

Warranty claim data analysis is a useful tool for the manufacturer because it contains many useful informations regarding reliability of the product in the real-world environments. Because of the nature of uncertainty and the incompleteness of data, some bias patterns are observed on warranty claim rate known as 'spikes'. Two types of spikes are considered. One is due to manufacturing-related failures. The other is caused by customer's behavior. This paper proposes a model by considering two types of spikes. Warranty claim data is analyzed with the proposed model. To represent spikes observed on the early warranty period, we classify failures into manufacturing-related failures and usage-related failures. Uniform distribution is assumed for the time delayed to diagnose and report by customers. By reducing maximum value of the delayed time by customers, the proposed model characterizes customer's rush in the vicinity of the warranty expiration limit. Experimental results by using the real warranty claim data show that the proposed model is better than the existing one in respect to MSE(Mean Squared Error). Moreover it is expected to estimate the failure rate more realistically with proposed model because it considers the delayed time to diagnose and report by customers.