• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.72-75
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• 1999

A scab disease occurred on watermelon seedlings by the infection of Cladosporium cucumberinum. This is the first report demonstrating the scab disease on watermelon in Korea. The casual agent attacked all plant parts of the seedlings on the ground. Infection sites were initiated with sunken and dark green spots, and then suddenly developed to large lesions softened with gummy substances. When hypocotyl and leaf stalk of seedlings were infected and softened, upper parts of seedlings were brokin down, dried and eventually died. Conidiophores of the fungus were characterized by pale olivaceous brown color, and variable length of about 3-5 mm in width. Conidia were formed I long branched chains, and conidium was ellipsoidal, fusiform or subspherical single cell mostly without septum. Morphological characteristics of the fungus were almost identical to Cladosporium cucumerinum Ellis & Authur. The fungus was also pathogenic to cucumber, squash and oriental melon, suggesting that it is a common pathogen to cucurbits. However, the fungus was not pathogenic to bottle gourd.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.350-353
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• 2001

In 2001, a black scab disease was observed in tea plant (Thea sinensis) cultivated in the hillsides of Hwngaemyon and Hadong-gun, Gyeongnam province, Korea. The disease symptoms initially appeared on leaves, green twigs and stems, showing small dark brown spots on the infected areas, which gradually expanded. A fungus was isolated from diseased leaves and green twigs. It grew readily on potato dextrose agar, forming dark green to dark gray colonies. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth was about 20$^{\circ}C$. The diameter of growing hyphae was 3.5-5.8 $\mu\textrm{m}$. Conidia were ellipsoidal, ovoid or subspherical, and mostly one-celled but occasionally septate. The size of one-celled and septate conidia were 3.7-12.4${\times}$3.4-5.2 $\mu\textrm{m}$ and 9.3-18.7${\times}$3.8-7.2 $\mu\textrm{m}$, respectively. Conidia were formed in long branched chains on the erected conidiophores, which were dark brown in color and 28.9-218.3${\times}$3.0-6.1 $\mu\textrm{m}$ in length. The fungus was identified as Cladosporium herbarum on the basis of its morphological characteristics. The black scab disease occurring in tea caused by Cladosporium herbarum has not been previously reported in Korea.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.161-163
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• 2006

During winter season of 2004 to 2006, a scab disease on balsam pear (Momordica charantia) caused by Cladosporium cucumerinum was observed in Daesan-myon, Changwon-city, Gyeongnam province, Koyea. The disease symptom started with small dark brown speck on the fruits and leaves then the lesions expanded and spreaded irregularly. The aggregated mycelial mass and conidia of the fungus formed sooty scab. The colony of purely isolated fungus grew in greenish black to velvety on potato dextrose agar (PDA). Conidia were ellipsoidal, fusiform or subspherical, mostly one-celled but occasionally septated and $3{\sim}32{\times}2{\sim}6{\mu}m$ in size. The conidiophores were erected and had long branch, chains pale olivaceous brown in color and $6{\times}280{\mu}m$ in size. Ramoconidia were $10{\sim}34{\times}3{\sim}8{\mu}m$ in size. The fungus was identified as Cladosporium cucumerinum based on the morphological characteristics. The pathogenicity of the fungus was confirmed according to Koch's postulate. The optimum temperature of the isolate was about $20^{\circ}C$. This is the first report on scab of balsam pear caused by C. cucumerinum in Korea.

• Mycobiology
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.100-107
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• 2013

Diverse fungi are present in Korean traditional meju and they are known to play an important role in fermented soybean products. To determine the origin of the fungi in meju, we examined the mycoflora of soybeans from 10 traditional meju factories. The samples were untreated or treated with sodium hypochlorite, and placed on malt extract agar (MEA), dichloran 18% glycerol agar (DG18), and dichloran rose bengal chloramphenicol agar (DRBC) medium. A total of 794 fungal strains were isolated and they were identified as 41 genera and 86 species. From sodium hypochlorite untreated soybeans, the genera, Cladosporium (55%), Eurotium (51%), Fusarium (33%), Penicillium (22%), and Aspergillus (exclusion of Eurotium) (20%), were mainly isolated, and Eurotium herbariorum (22%), Eurotium repens (18%), Cladosporium tenuissimum (18%), F. fujikuroi (18%), Aspergillus oryzae/flavus (7%), and Penicillium steckii (6%) were the predominant species. In case of sodium hypochloritetreated soybeans, Eurotium (31%) and Cladosporium (5%) were frequently isolated, but Aspergillus (excluding Eurotium), Penicillium and Fusarium which were frequently isolated from untreated soybeans, were rarely isolated. Eurotium herbariorum (21%), Eurotium repens (8%), and Cladosporium tenuissimum (3%) were the predominant species. Of the 41 genera and 86 species isolated from soybeans, 13 genera and 33 species were also found in meju. These results suggest that the fungi on soybeans may influence the mycoflora of meju.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.56-60
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• 2001

A kerosene fungus of Cladosporium resinae NK-1 was examined for its ability to degrade individual n-alkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and its organic solvent-tolerance was investigated by making use of the water-organic solvent suspension culture method. It grew on a wide range of solvents of varying hydrophobicities and it was found to have tolerance to various kinds of toxic organic solvents (10%, v/v) such as n-alkanes, cyclohexane, xylene, styrene, and toluene. A hydrocarbon degradation experiment indicated that NK-1 had a greater n-alkane degrading ability compared to that of the other selected strains. C. resinae NK-1, which could utilize 8-16 carbon chain-length n-alkanes of medium chain-length as a carbon source, could not assimilate the shorter chain-length n-alkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons tested so far. The n-alkane degrading enzyme activity was found in the mycelial extract of the organism.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.266-268
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• 2003

In 2002, sooty mold was observed on persimmon (Diopyros kald) from the Jinju Agricultural Products Wholesale Market in Gyeongnam, Korea. The lesion of the sooty mold usually appeared as scars or wounds formed on the surface of the fruits. The symptom started with water soaking lesion, then the fruit softened rapidly. Colony of the causal pathogenic fungus was dark green in color on potato dextrose agar. The diameter of growing hyphae was 1-2 $\mu\textrm{m}$. The mostly one-celled conidia were ovoid, lemon or cylinder in shape, blastophores, and sized 46-132 $\mu\textrm{m}$. Erected conidiophores were long-branched chains and their lengths varied from 24 to 346 $\mu\textrm{m}$ with 2-5 $\mu\textrm{m}$ width. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth was about 2$0^{\circ}C$. Based on their mycological characteristics, the fungus was identified as Cladosporium cladosporioides. This is the first report in Korea of the sooty mold of persimmon caused by the said fungus.

• Mycobiology
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.306-309
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• 2011

Cladosporium cladosporioides H1 was found to be the most abundant microbe in Janggyeong Panjeon. C. cladosporioides H1 produced a 20 kDa xylanase, which was generally stable below $60^{\circ}C$ and had specialized activity in an acidic condition. Our results may lead to the development of a strategy for preservation of organic cultural heritage environments.

• Mycobiology
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.183-187
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• 2021

The Shine Muscat is a table grape, popular in South Korea for its unique mango-flavor taste. Flyspeck is a disease that is characterized by small, black, and circular specks on the grape cuticle was first observed in several commercial orchards in Sangju, South Korea, in August 2019. Here we identified the causal agent of flyspeck based on an advanced diagnosis approach, comprised of both morphological and molecular analyses. Morphological characteristics of the cultures isolated from grape flyspeck were identical to the fungus Cladosporium perangustum. The concatenated sequences of ITS, ACT, and EF1-α were used for molecular phylogenetic analysis, BLAST searches along with Bayesian inference-based phylogeny, confirmed that the causal agent of grape flyspeck is C. perangustum. The cultured fungal isolates also produced flyspeck symptoms on healthy fruits in pathogenicity tests. To the best of my knowledge, this is the first documented evidence of any Cladosporium sp. producing flyspeck symptoms on any plant.

• 보존과학연구
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• 통권5호
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• pp.148-166
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• 1984

The Investigation of organisms damaged to papers and cellulose materials of Cultural Property in the Ch'ang Dok Palace The investigation of the airborne fungi, the attached fungi to the papers and cellulose materials of Cultural Properties in addition to the insects inhabiting at the Ku Sonwon Jon, Shin Sonwon Jon and Yonwa ch'anggo in the Ch'ang Dok Palace carried out from Jul. 10 to Jul. 21,1984.The results are summarized as follows ;1. Isolation and identification of the airborne fungi from the three storages were Cladosporium sp., Alternaria alternata, As pergillus cervinus, A. flavus, A. nidulance, A. oryzae, A. terreus, A. versicolor, A. wentii, Penicillium adametzii, P.albicans, P.canescens, P. citreo-viride, P. citrinums, P. decumbens, P. frequentans, P. funiculosum, P.herquei, P.implicatum, P.multicolor, P.nigricans, P.nonatum,P.purpurogenum, P.roqueforti, P.viridicatum, Trichodema viride, Geotrichumcandidum, Curvvlaria lunata, Torula hebarum, T.thermophila, Itersoniliasalmonicolor, Drechsclera avenue, Candida sp., Acremonium sp., and Botrytis sp., It was found that thirty five species in thirteen genera was isolated. Among them, the dominant species was Cladosporium sp., and the order was Penicillium, Aspergillus, Alternaria and so on.2. The attached fungi directly isolated from the papers and cellulose materials of Cultural Properties were twenty-nine species in fourteen genera, namely, Acremonium sp., Albertiniella sp., Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus clavatus,A.niger, A.ornatus, A.versicolor, Botrytis sp., Bysochlamys sp., Carpenteles sp.,Chaetomium globosum, Cladosporium sp., Eurotium sp., Mucor sp., Penicilliumcanescens, P.chermesium, P.citrinum, P.frequentans, P.funiculosum, P.herqueiP .implicatum, P.javanicum, P.luteum, P.purpurogenum, P.thomii, P.viridicatum, Torula thermophila, Trichoderma koningi and T.viride. Among them, the mostfungi distributed on the surface of the papers and cellulose materials was Penicillium and the order was Aspergillus, Alternaria, Cladosporium, Trichodermaand so on.3. The insects collected the three storages were ten genera and ten species including 916 specimens. By classifying the insects collected, the most species of the insects was Stenoscelodes hayashii of 857 specimens occupied about 93% of the total insect. And the other insects were collected as Microgamme costipennisAnobium pertinax, Xenomimetes alni, Anthrenus verbasci, Holoparmecus signatus,Thermobia domestica, Halyomorpha brevis, Drosophila coracine and Brattaorientalis. As described above, it could be known that the most airborne fungi was Cladosporium and the order was Penicillium, Aspergillus, Alternaria in the three storages. And the most attached fungi distributed on the surface of papers and cellulose materials was Penicillium and the other fungi were Aspergillus, Alternaria Cladosporium, Trichoderma and so on. Accordingly, from the results, itwas assumed that the major part of airborne fungi were attached to the papers and cellulose materials of Cultural Properties. The paper and cellulose materials of Cultural Properties in Ch'ang Dok Palace were chiefly damaged by S.hayashii in Coleoptera.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.101-107
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• 1972

벼 이삭마름병해에 관여하는 균류와 이들 균류에 대한 약제별 살균효과를 알고저 시험한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 일반 장려품종 및 통일품종의 변색된 벼알에서 균류를 조사한 결과 일반 장려품종에서는 Pyricularia oryzae, Helminthosporium oryzae, Epicoccum purpurascens, Curvularia lunata, Cladosporium cladosporoides, Alternaria tenuis균 등이 주로 많이 검출되었고 통일 품종에서는 Trichoconis padwickii, Fusarium dimerum, Nigrospora oryzae균 등이 많이 검출되었다. 2. 벼 이삭도열병에 이병된 이 삭의 각 부위로부터 균류를 조사한 결과 이삭목에서는 Pyricularia oryzae, Nigrospora oryzae, Curvularia lunata 균등이 이삭가지에서는 Helminthosporium eryzae, Trichoconis padwickii, Stemphylium sp., Cladosporium cladosporoides, Alternaria tenuis균 등이 많이 검출되었으며 벼알에서는 Phema spp. 균이 주로 많이 검출되었다. 3. 각종 균류에 이병된 이삭가지 및 벼 알에서의 Difolatan 수화제, Dithane M-45 수화제의 살균효과를 실내에서 시험한 결과 Difolatan 800배 액은 Helminthosporium oryzae, Cladosporium cladosporoides, Alternaria tenuis 균 등에 살균효과가 좋았고 Dithane M-45 500배 액은 Pyricularia oryzae, Trichoconis padwickii, Curvularia lunate 균등에 비교적 효과가 좋았다. 4. 약제 방제시기는 유숙기살포구, 출수개화기살포구의 순으로 효과가 좋았으며 약제별 방제효과는 본 시험포장에 이삭도열병 발생이 많았던 관계로 도열병 방제 약제인 히노산유제, 가스가민유제가 Difolatan 수화제, Dithane M-45 수화제에 비하여 다소 효과가 좋은 것으로 나타났다.