• 대한간호학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.1294-1303
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to develop a tool to assess the powerlessness and to measure the powerlessness of elderly. From the result of pre-test, twenty seven items were finally selected to survey the elderly's powerlessness. The questionnaires on the elderly's powerlessness were drafted so that such tool may be evaluated in accordance with the four point Likert Scale. The number of subjects is 1,150 with ages of 60 years or more and who live in a large city, a small and middle-sized city and a rural area. The subjects of the test and retest were 85 elderlies. Collected data were analyzed by utilizing SAS program with Cronbach's $\alpha$ and Pearson's correlation, factor analysis method and known group techniques, descriptive statics, t-test and ANOVA. The results from this study were summarized below:1. When the factor analysis method was applied for validity, the tool for powerlessness of elderly was separated into 5 factors: loss of self-confidence to deal with physical, emotional, social aspects of life; expulsion by others from meaningful human relate; perception that life is meaningless and time passes quickly; falling behind young people; being rejected by other people, having no influence on others. An application of the known group technique showed a significant difference with the result of the degree of elderly's powerlessness tools developed by the two groups, with illness and without. 2. In testing reliability, it was found that coefficient of test-retest was .9435(P<.0001) when the test-retest method was used as a test of stability, and that the alpha coefficient of internal consistency was .9141 over all items within the tool of elderly's powerlessness 3. In powerlessness of elderly, total mean is 2.8493. And in factor of powerlessness, the highest factor is falling behind young people (M=3.1713), the lowest factor is loss of self- confidence to deal with physical, emotional, social aspects of life(M=2.6080). 4. The results from the test for the degree of powerlessness, according to the subject's demographic variables, showed that there were significant differences between age, sex, marital status, educational level, religion, possession of house, job, monthly pocket money, health status, illness and a place of residence.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.323-338
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• 2009

본 연구는 서울시의 대중교통체계 개편에 따른 통근시에 교통수단선택의 변화를 분석하는데 목적을 두었다. 특히 개인의 사회 경제적 특성, 통행목적, 출발지와 도착지의 공간적 특성에 따라 두 시점동안 통근 교통수단선택의 변화가 어떻게 차별화되어 나타났는가를 파악하는데 초점을 두었다. 조건부 로짓모형을 이용하여 통행수단선택에 영향을 미치는 결정요인들이 어떻게 변화되었는가를 비교하였으며, 특정 통행수단에 대한 대체 통행수단의 한계효과도 분석하였다. 연구결과 저소득계층일수록 지하철 선택확율이 가장 크게 증가하였으며, 도착지에서의 대중교통 접근도와 밀도가 높고 혼합용도 비율이 높을수록 대중교통을 선택하는 확률이 더 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 통근 시 통행수단간의 대체 한계효과를 보면 자가용 승용차와 지하철간의 대체확률이 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과 서울시 대중교통체계 개편이 교통수단선택의 변화에 미친 영향력은 상당히 차별적으로 나타나고 있음을 시사해주고있다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.175-184
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• 2000

This study which applies to the 403 healthy people who don't have particular diseases recently(193 urban aged. 210 rural aged) among male and female aged over 60 years old living in Daegu(city) and Gyungbook(agricultural village) is fulfilled from November 1st to December 31st by interview using the questioned paper which researcher developed, and reached to these tallowing conclusions. 1. Every aged men independent of the place residence answered positively yes but aged women had weak assurance of their health. Especially $38.6\%$ of rural aged women said yes and $51.4\%$ of rural aged women said no. 2. In the sleep and well-regulated life, urban and rural aged generally marked on the sound sleep. Compared with male and female, men answered they had better sleep and regulated life than women. 3. The percentage of the urban and rural aged's judgement on their activity was high and the percentage of the rural aged was lower than the percentage of the urban aged. 4. While $62.6\%$ of urban aged answered they were active. $38.6\%$ of rural female aged answered yes, This shows that the rural female aged regard their health is not good. 5. Compared with same generation. urban aged ranked lower than urban aged in the confidence of physical strength. Especially rural need women answered $42.1\%$ of them were weaker than the same generation. This shows that rural aged women don't have confidence in general physical activities. 6. Taking exercises three times a week which can influence on health cue to sixties and seventies aged ranked $26.1\%$, rarely do is $18.8\%$ and never do is$28.8\%$. Urban and rural aged do not exercise on the purpose of health. 7. The reason of exercise was to advance the physical strength and quality of motion$(34.9\%)$ to get rid of stress$(13.4\%)$ and to prevention of adult illness$(27.8\%)$, prevention of fatness$(15.3\%)$. Aged have a correct understanding that exercise can promote health and protect from the diseases of adult people because the items about the diseases of adult people was marked high. 8. Among the subject of total investigation, 209 persons answered. It showed necessary to recognize that the exercise is still important essential part between adult illness and health care. 9. The $67.7\%$ of urban aged men answered yes in the question of undergoing a physical examination but the rate of not undergoing a physical examination was high in rural aged and urban aged women. According to this, there were the difference of consciousness about health between urban and rural aged. and men and women. 10. Among the people who haying undergone the physical examination, $80.3\%$ of the aged went back to the hospital again because of the result. 11. In the case of stroke, most aged answered the would be placed under medical care. but $53.9\%$ of rural aged women answered they would rely on Chinese medicine. According to this. aged preferred Chinese medicine in some particular diseases. 2. The $58.1\%$ of whole object of this study answered that stroke would be recovered.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.99-112
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• 2000

본 조사는 행정구역 통합과 보건기관 시설 및 장비 개선이라는 변화를 겪고 있는 일개 통합 시 지역주민의 보건기관 이용경험과 보건서비스 요구도를 파악하여 지역사회에 적합한 보건사업계획에 필요한 자료를 얻고자 실시하였다. 조사 대상은 1995년 9월 현재 통합 구미시에 거주하는 86,305가구(284,775명) 중 읍 면 동 직원이 가정 방문하여 설문지로 방문 시 면접 가능했던 가구주 혹은 주부와 면담 조사했다. 분석 대상은 결측치가 있는 설문을 제외한 통합 전 도시 지역 67,607가구(220,187명) 중 3,337가구(4.9%)와 통합 전 농촌지역 18,698가구(64,588명) 중 690가구(3.7%)로 총 4,027가구(전체 가구의 4,6%)였다. 조사내용은 응답자의 건강관련 인구학적 특성과 응답자의 보건소 이용경험, 보건서비스에 대한 요구도, 보건지소 및 보건진료소의 필요성 등이다. 응답자의 성 연령 구성, 의료보장, 현주소지에 거주기간, 교육수준 등 건강관련 인구학적 특성에 대해 통합 전 도시와 농촌 지역간에 유의한 차이가 있었다. 급성질환 및 만성질환 유부 빈도는 농촌에서 모두 높았으며 급 만성질환 시 보건기관 이용률도 농촌지역에서 높았다. 과거 한번 이상 보건소를 이용한 경험률은 도시지역주민 64.8%, 농촌지역주민 55.6%이고, 이용한 보건의료서비스는 도시지역은 예방접종, 농촌지역은 일반진료가 가장 많고, 보건소 사업 중 가장 강화되기 바라는 사업은 양쪽 지역 모두 전염병 예방사업이었다. 순회진료 및 가정간호서비스에 대한 찬성률은 90%이상이고 보건지소와 보건진료소에 기대하는 사업은 노인을 중심으로 건강상담이 가장 많았다. 농촌지역에서는 보건지소에 대하여 90.3%가 필요한 것으로, 보건진료소에 대하여 88.3%가 필요하다고 답하였고, 도시지역에서는 주민의 86.0%가 도시 보건지소 설치가 필요하다고 답하였다. 위의 결과에 따르면 지역주민들은 보건기관이 지속적으로 필요하다고 생각하나 그 주 기능은 기존의 전염병관리사업으로 인식하고 있다. 도시지역은 예방접종을, 농촌지역은 일반진료를 위해 보건기관을 가장 많이 이용하고 있으며 보건교육, 건강상담, 순회진료, 가정간호서비스 등을 많이 기대하고 있다. 따라서 지역주민의 보건기관 이용률을 높이기 위해서는 도시지역과 농촌지역의 보건관련 인구학적 특성과 주민의 요구에 적합한 보건사업을 개발하여 추진하고 보건사업의 질적 향상을 꾀하여야겠다.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.101-112
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to provide the design guidelines for the activity spaces in the skilled nursing facilities for the elderly through the investigation of the spatial characteristics and using behavior The researcher interviewed the staff regarding programs in 15 facilities, investigated and observed the use of the spaces from 15th of December, 2004 to 19th of February, 2005. The programs in facilities were categorized into human knowledge, arts, music, exercise, recreation, cooking gardening, religious and social activities, and those were peformed once to 4 times a day. They were conducted in the elderly individual rooms, lounges, program rooms, dining room, or(and) auditorium. The results of the study were as follows: First, investigating the activity spaces, the lounges and elderly individual rooms were mostly on the same floor so that the elderly had no big trouble in access to the lounge. The program rooms of the facilities in suburban and rural area were on the same floor as the elderly individual rooms and they were likely to combine with another usage, compared to those On city were mostly separated from the residence floor. Most of dining rooms and auditorium were on the basement or on the 1st floor. Second, in the programs by the activity spaces, elderly individual room and the program room were used more for the human knowledge and art programs with small group. The lounges were for recreation and social activities with (both of) small or(and) big group and dining rooms were mainly used for cooking programs. In auditorium, recreation, religious and social activity were performed with big group. Third, the individual rooms for the elderly had more capacity if those did not have any beds, but often had a trouble in making a passage way. The lounges needed to remove decorations and displayed furniture obstructing the passages and to arrange both of the western and eastern type of tables for the efficient use of the spaces. It took a long time in preparation of the furniture and other equipment if the program room was with another usage.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.97-112
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• 2006

For 387 married women in their 20s to 50s, we inquired about the differences in whether they intended on moving into a welfare facility, depending on their views on supporting the elderly and the burden of supporting elderly parents, and tried to find out factors that would affect their decision to move into a welfare facility. With those objectives in mind, we conducted a survey targeting married women in their 20s to 50s who live in Seoul, Daejun or a city or county in Choongnam-do, and carried out frequency analysis, intersection analysis, one-way ANOVA and judge analysis. Our findings from those analyses are summarized as follows. First, when considering married women's characteristics and examining their intention of moving into a welfare facility for the elderly, there was a meaningful difference in their intention depending on age, academic background, occupation, and area of residence. Second, our analysis of the differences in their intention of moving in, based on married women's view on supporting the elderly and the burden of supporting elderly parents, indicates that due to these responsibilities, the greatest number of married women expressed their intention of moving in if a convenient facility for the elderly and service were provided. However, the analysis for the intention of moving in depending on savings for old age, did not exhibit any meaningful difference. Third, from the examination of determining factors for married women's intention of moving into a welfare facility for the elderly, based on age, academic background, occupation, residential area, responsibility for supporting an elderly family member and savings for old age, it was found that the burden of support was the only meaningful effective factor.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.364-371
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to estimate usage of vitamin and mineral supplements as over-the-counter (VM-OTC) drugs as well as examine factors associated with VM-OTC usage in Korean adolescents. A total of 1,407 adolescents attending middle or high school in all parts of country were included in the analysis. Prevalence of VM-OTC usage was 56.1%, and it was higher as monthly income, father's education level, and socioeconomic status of family increased (p<0.001). VM-OTC intake was higher in middle school students than in high school students as well as in rural areas or small & mediumsized city residents than big city residents (p<0.01). Subjects mainly received information on VM-OTC mainly from 'family and relatives' (46.6%), whereas only 20.3% received information from experts. Subjects took VM-OTC 'when they are healthy' (49.1%), 'when they feel sick' (17.7%), 'when they are on a diet' (17.3%), and 'when they are stressful' (15.9%). The effectiveness of taking VM-OTC were mainly 'fatigue recovery' (35.0%), 'health improvement' (30.6%), and 'nutritional status improvement' (13.2%). The most frequently used VM-OTC was vitamin C (49.1%), multi-vitamins (18.6%), multi vitamins & minerals (13.2%), and calcium (9.2%). Among VM-OTC users, only 21.9% replied that they usually check the nutrition facts when they buy products, 62.4% follow the recommended dosage, and 9.7% fully understand the nutrition labels of the products. According to logistic regression analysis, the most influential factor affecting VM-OTC use was parents' and siblings' VM-OTC consumption (p<0.001). In addition, school type (middle or high school) (p<0.01), residence (p<0.05), self-concerns about health (p<0.05), father's education level (p<0.05), and socioeconomic status of family (p<0.05) all influenced VM-OTC use. These results show that VM-OTC use is widespread among adolescents, few users actually check and fully understand the nutrition labels when they purchase VM-OTC, and they are highly dependent on unprofessional advice and information. Therefore, it is necessary to educate adolescents to help them select proper VM-OTC and read nutrition labels.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.89-97
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• 2002

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore the validity of the application of the Denver II developmental screening test to Korean children. This screening test. which was developed and standardized in United States. was designed to screen for developmental delay in Korea. and to compare the levels of development of Korean children with the development of children from the U.S. Method: Quota sampling. NP To facilitate field sampling. the age range used from 0 to 6 years old. was split into 10 different age groups. Sample size was estimated according to residence. 1.054 children were recruited from Seoul's metropolitan. urban and rural areas. NP To fill the quota established. the Recruitment and testing of children was done at public health centers, pediatric outpatient clinics of general hospitals and a child care center. The 25, 50, 75 and 90 percentiles were identified by using logistic regression analysis and were calculated as norms. The items in which the ages of both 50 and 90 percent passing differed more than 20 percent by the calculation was identified for comparison. NP Result: There were significant differences found in 45 items between Korean children and the children from the City of Denver as it relates to age differences. 90% of the sample passed items among 125 items from 4 sectors, e.g., personal- social. fine motor adaptive, language, and gross motor sectors. Korean children were found to be advanced in 9 items, whereas there were significant differences found in 38 items in our comparison of the two countries for age differences when 50% of sample pass items. Korean children were found to be advanced in 16 items. NP Conclusion: The result showed that there was a discrepancy in the developmental norms. It could be explained by the differences in the developmental environment. including child rearing patterns and ethnicity. Therefore, a restandardization of the Denver Screening Test is necessary as it relates to its application on Korean children. This restandardization is necessary in order to avoid both under and over-referrals of children with developmental abnormality. The modification of items in the language sector is especially suggested.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권7호
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• pp.193-199
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• 2017

본 연구의 목적은 노인의 낙상두려움, 일상생활수행능력, 삶의 질 정도를 낙상경험유무, 만성질환유무, 거주지역별로 비교분석하여 결과를 지역노인의 삶의 질을 증진시키기 위한 낙상방지 프로그램의 개발에 기초자료를 제공하고자 함이다. 본 연구는 J시의 시내 경로당 4곳과 농촌지역 주민 센터 4곳에서 지역 노인 185명을 대상으로 2016년 8월 15일부터 2016년 9월 17일까지 시행 되었다. 본 연구의 결과를 보면 낙상경험유무별 낙상두려움, 일상생활수행능력, 삶의 질 비교분석 결과 모든 항목에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었고, 만성질환유무별 낙상두려움, 일상생활수행능력, 삶의 질 비교에서는 낙상 두려움과 삶의 질에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 그리고 거주지역별 낙상두려움, 일상생활수행능력, 삶의 질 비교에서는 일상생활수행능력 및 삶의 질에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 낙상두려움, 일상생활수행능력, 삶의 질 간의 상관관계를 보면 낙상두려움은 일상생활수행능력과 유의하게 음의 상관관계를 보이고 있고(r=-.386, p<.000), 일상생활수행능력과 삶의 질과의 관계는 유의하게 양의 상관관계가 있음을 확인하였다(r=.513, p<.000). 따라서 노인의 낙상두려움을 낮추기 위한 안전한 환경을 마련이 중요함을 인식하여 환경개선교육 프로그램의 개발이 필요하고 노인들의 일상생활에서 낙상관련 필수적인 정보들을 얻을 수 있는 시스템 개발이 되어야하며, 일상생활수행능력을 높일 수 있는 프로그램을 삶의 질이 증진될 수 있음을 알 수 있다.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.229-241
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• 2022

본 연구는 제2형 당뇨병 노인환자의 인구학적 특성과 우울이 식사의 질에 미치는 영향을 파악하고 이를 통해 제2형 당뇨병 노인환자의 식사의 질 향상을 위한 정책 및 프로그램 개발을 위한 기초자료로 제공하고자 시도되었다. 본 연구를 통해 우울과 대상자의 공복시 혈당 관리가 식사의 질에 중요한 영향요인이며, 거주지역, 성별과 같은 인구학적 특성 역시 영향요인이라는 점이 검증되었다. 본 연구의 분석결과를 근거로 제2형 당뇨병 노인환자의 식사의 질 향상 프로그램 계획을 수립할 때, 대상자의 우울과 공복시 혈당에 대한 관리를 강조할 필요가 있으며, 거주지역, 성별과 같은 인구학적 특성 또한 고려해야 할 중요한 요소로 사료 된다. 또한, 본 연구의 결과를 통해 교육수준, 배우자 유무, 동거가족 유무, 식사준비의 주체, 당뇨병 관리를 위한 운동실천 유무에 따른 식사의 질의 차이가 있음을 확인하였으므로 이들 요인 역시 대상자의 식사의 질 향상 계획 수립 시 고려할 요인으로 포함 시킬 필요가 있겠다. 추후연구에서는 첫째, 지역적 특성에 따른 식사의 질 차이를 확인하기 위해 지역을 좀 더 확대하여 연구대상자를 모집할 것을 제안한다. 둘째, 당뇨약물복용충실군과 그렇지 않은 군으로 나누어 식사의 질 차이를 비교해볼 것을 제안한다. 셋째, 식품빈도조사는 식생활패턴이 변하지 않는다는 가정하에 최근 1년간의 식품섭취빈도와 양을 대상자의 기억에 의존하여 조사하는 방법으로써 연구대상자가 노인이라는 특성 때문에 과소 또는 과대 보고의 가능성이 있으므로, 이러한 단점을 보완할 수 있는 24시간 회상법의 식사일지 작성활용을 제안한다. 넷째, 본 연구의 도시 대상자는 노인복지관에서 점심식사를 하고 있는 경우가 많아 농촌과 도시의 식사의 질 차이에 교란변수로 작용할 수 있으므로, 추후연구에는 대상자의 식사의 질을 농촌과 도시로 비교할 때 지역사회에서 제공되는 외부 식사를 정기적으로 이용하는 대상자와 그렇지 않은 대상자로 구분하여 비교하는 것도 필요하겠다. 다섯째, 본 연구결과의 일반화를 위해 이상의 추후연구에 대한 제안을 반영한 반복연구를 제안한다.