• Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.122-141
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• 2024

Drawing on mere exposure effect, we proposed that more exposure to a city, as measured by the number of channels of exposure, would increase familiarity, city image, and intention to visit that city. We conducted a survey of university students in seven Asian countries, asking them about a total of 14 cities, at least one from each of the surveyed countries. Exposure was found to be a significant antecedent and was most powerful when mediated by familiarity. Some types of exposure were stronger than others. Personal exposure, in the form of having visited a city or knowing someone who has, was the strongest type of exposure, with more than double the effect of media exposure. Social media, which is difficult to classify as either personal or media, was assessed separately and had a much smaller effect. The mere exposure effect exists whether the intention to visit a city is related to pleasure (tourism) or business.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.733-741
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• 2024

Urban Air Mobility is gaining attention as a solution to traffic congestion and air pollution in large cities, but Gangneung, the case area of this study, is a medium-sized city focusing on tourism and connectivity with other public transport rather than congested traffic. Introducing UAM here focuses on integrating aircraft that carry people, vertiports for vertical take-off and landing, and corridors through which UAM can fly. While research on aircraft and vertiports is actively conducted, studies on corridors are still lacking. Thus, this study selected a route in Gangneung, a medium-sized city in Gangwon Special Self-Governing Province, that allows UAM flights with minimal risk. For this, a safety distance specific to building heights was determined, and the damage radius in case of aircraft crashes was calculated to select the route with the least possible damage during crash or collision incidents. For analysis, aerial photos and digital maps of Gangneung City, along with building information data, were used to create high-resolution orthophotos and digital elevation models. Based on the created data, GIS-based spatial analysis and three-dimensional visualization were conducted, and a suitable UAM route for Gangneung City was determined.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.33-42
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• 2016

Utilization of cultural contents is more and more increasing as it is believed to improve local problems and provide historical values. This kind of business is positive in terms of the fact that it attracts visitors into local areas and activate local commercial areas. Under this trend, the construction of specialized streets is required to be approached with first priority to solve problems of cities. So to speak, it's more important to solve intrinsic problems found in local communities and then approach cultural contents step-by-step rather than constructing new spaces with first priority. Moreover, cultural contents should accompany economic aspects which result in local community-friendly and sympathetically concentrated values. Under this sentiment, the efforts to suggest economic ripple effects for government local government's businesses using cultural contents are very important. This study analyzed how much economic ripple effects is yielded by reflecting cultural contents. As the result of analysis, specialized street with cultural contents applied are proved to be more concentrated on multiplier of expediting employment, income and tax and tourism industry than service industry. On the contrary to this, service industry showed more concentrated multiplier of expediting production, income, added values and chain reaction effect (coefficients for influence and sensitivity for front and rear side of tourism industry. Based on these results, construction of specialized streets with cultural contents applied is proved to help synergy effects for local economy.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.179-200
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• 2020

This study aims to detect the knowledge structure of Korean studies using document co-citation analysis and text mining techniques. This study divided Korean corpus into two perspectives: Self-perceived and others' perceived Korean studies. To this end, we collected 10,929 humanities and social literature containing the word Korea or Korean as a keyword in the SCOPUS database. As a result of analysis, a total of 20 subdomains were found in the knowledge structure of self-perception, and a total of 14 subdomains were found in the knowledge structure of otherts' perception. Differences in Korean Studies between two are: First, the sub-area of self-perceived Korean studies is subdivided into more diverse areas than the sub-area of other-perceived Korean studies. Second the major areas in self-perceived Korean studies are customers and services, industrialization, multiculturalism, mental health, tourism, Korean language, environment, and cities. Others' perceptions of Korean Studies are grouped into domestic and foreign situations of Korea, Korean pop culture, Koreans as US immigrants, and Korean language. Finally, the common areas of self-perception and others' perception were mental health, tourism, Korean language, North-Korean defectors, and juvenile delinquency.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.329-345
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• 1996

The purposes of this study are to review research trends of applied geography field, to retrospect geographical works done by Korean geographers in applied geography, and to prospect the future of applied geography. We are in the period where societal problems such as energy, transportation, pollution, environment, health care, and many others, require careful consideration and need throughout strategies for solution. Most societal problems have some geographical dimensions. Because these problems are geographic in nature, there is an obvious implication that geography as a discipline has something to offer in their solutions. In fact, most geographic problems are best presented and analyzed through the applications of geographic theories, concepts and tools. Applied geography is a branch of general geography. It relies on the scientific methods and uses the principles and methods of pure geography. However applied geography is different in that it analyzes and evaluates real world action and planning and seeks to implement and manipulate environmental and spatial realities. Thus, geographic theories and other social theories that have geographic dimensions are fundamental to applied geography. Applied geography has a short history as theme in Korean geography. During the last two decades. Korea achieved remarkable economic growth. We have also encountered widening regional disparity, housing shortage of larger cities, transportation congestion, environmental pollution and many other problems. Applied geographers have tried to analyze and solve such spatial problems during the last 30 years. The research trend of Korean applied geography can be subdivided into 5 categories: (1) land use analysis and efficient utilization, (2) national physical development and planning. (3) regional development and regional planning, (4) tourism and location-allocation, transportation planning. Still the overconcentration of Seoul metropolitan region and unbalanced regional development are perceived to be the serious spatial problems which may induce more works to solve these problems. In Korea new emphasis has to be given to some professional training and experimental learning, including methodology, field techniques data management, statistical analysis, cartography, GIS, and other tools, as applicable and beneficial to problem solving in real world. The growth of applied geography depends on new insights and purposed solutions of future applied geographers in Korea. Applied geographers will contribute to the creation of future Korean geographies.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.64-75
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• 2010

Gyeongju, with its thousand-year-old history of the Silla Dynasty, is an impressive historical city where beautiful nature of mountains in the background and rivers in its front is getting along with the city landscape. The historic landscape of Gyeongju is divided into three groups: the old town, the ruins preservation region in the southeast of old towns, and the natural landscape region surrounding these regions. The old town region shows a common landscape of which general small cities in Korea may have, while its surroundings display the overlaps of natural and historic landscapes. The special city landscape is presented only in Gyeongju. Nevertheless, the northern area of the old town was built based on the concept of new towns without any height restriction of buildings, damaging the historic landscape of Gyeongju. It is misjudgment by interpreting the cultural heritage as the individual artifact rather than the continuous historic landscape. Since the 1970s when rapid industrialization and urbanization appeared along with the comprehensive development for Gyeongju tourism, the historic landscape has been slowly damaged. There were not enough financial and political supports from the central government, because the project for Gyeongju tourism was focused on the investment on the tourist industry. Now, in order to preserve the historical city like Gyeongju which represents the culture of Korea, the central government should actively engage in its protection. Policies of the central government should be focused on educating people that the historical restoration of Gyeongju is a way of recovering the national pride, and drawing the agreement of people. For its accomplishment, the government should change its policy from economy-oriented to culture-oriented. That is, the cultural policy should be emphasized.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.84-97
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• 2016

One of the assimilation policies of Japanese imperialism for the permanent domination in the colonial Joseon is the theory of integration of Japan and Joseon. The theory of integration of Japan and Joseon is a logic that Joseon (Korea) and Japan (Wae) were connected to the same ancestor on the basis of ancient myths. Also it is the assimilation ideology to justify the Colonial rule of those days through the objectification of historical identity or affinity of political and cultural relations of ancient Korean peninsula and Japan (Wae). Japan reorganized our history to meet the colonial point of view, as part of the assimilation policies based on the theory of integration of Japan and Joseon. On the other hand Japan attempted to objectify them through archaeological research and the reinterpretation of the historical remains. The survey, reinterpretation and tourist of the historic sites in historic cities such as Gyeongju and Buyeo were promoted in this context. In particular, the Buyeo, a capital of Baekje, was emphasized upon the close relevance and affinity between Sabi, Baekje and ancient Asuka (飛鳥) in Japan through research and reinterpretation on the Historic Sites. Based on them, Historic Sites Tourism was conducted by reconstructed historic sites toward the colonial Korean. In addition, after the Sino-Japanese war in 1937, Japan tried to realize the politics of space by upgrading and idealizing Buyeo as homeland or Shinto (神都) related to Japanese ancient mythology of the Asuka culture. This paper investigated in what context research, reinterpret and tourist of the historic sites progressed on Buyeo area and how it had soaked through the general public in the Japanese colonial era. First, it is on historic sites. Historic sites research on Buyeo area made an attempt by Sekino Tadashi in 1909 for the first time and the re-excavation of the old burial mounds and temple sites during the Japanese colonial period. Sekino set up a cultural relationship and influences between the ancient China (梁), Korea (百濟) and Japan (倭). Also, he emphasized that Sabi, Baekje largely received influence of Chinese culture and Baekje and Japan Asuka culture had closely relations and affinity. These views had been consistent during the Japanese colonial period. Second, it is the reinterpretation on Historic sites. Buyeo Historic Sites Preservation Society (Buyeo Gojeok Bojonhoe) was established in 1915 and Osaka Kintaro, curator of Baekje exhibition hall redefined the relationship between ancient Japan and Baekje as perspective of the assimilation ideology through the post contextual interpretation. In particular, they emphasized on the close relevance between Baekje's Historic sites and Japan, through the reinterpretation of Nakhwaam, Goransa and Cheongmasanseong. Third, it is the tourist on Historic sites. Buyeo Historic Sites Preservation Society played a leading role in Tourist on Historic sites at the Buyeo region. The main tourist destinations and course were restructured through a reinterpretation on the historic sites. Japan would like to show Buyeo as ideology area, homeland of ancient Japanese culture, toward the Koreans under Japanese colonial era. Thus, research, reinterpretation, and tourism on Historic sites were promoted while they were closely related to each other. The promoting body was Joseon Chongdokbu and pro-Japanese interest group. It's point was 'made' and 'shown' by the eyes of others and a rediscovery of Buyeo as representational space of colony.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.95-104
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• 2015

Purpose - This is a comparative study of the market development and characteristics of Ulsan in South Korea, Fukuoka in Japan, and Yanji in China, which are major East Sea Rim cities with adjacent areas of similar natural characteristics of the sea and the country. Particularly, it considers these aspects while focusing on the evolution of networks that appear in the distribution system and at the same time examining the institutions of market activation and regulations that are handled by the central and the local government and the changing logistics due to the development of transportation and the concern of food safety, using a meso-analysis approach. Research design, data, and methodology - The study used a historical and comparative approach with a focus on case studies. It made use of various materials such as local newspaper articles, reports, literature, interviews with experts, discussions with local merchants, discussions with customers, and so forth. Results - In the case of Fukuoka, from the 1960s, due to the entry of supermarkets, supermarkets expanded and they have now come to a dominant market position in the current market. They offer a convenient and comfortable environment while providing a large mall offering a variety of educational and cultural activities for customers to meet the customers' needs, such as the preferences of Korean tourists, who appear to prefer Japanese foods. The Fukuoka City Central Wholesale Market has been exporting fruits and vegetables as well as seafood products to Korea, China, and so forth. In the case of Ulsan, as in the early 2000s, due to the expansion of supermarkets, the traditional markets have been shrinking and further, the modernization of traditional markets was conducted under the auspices of the Small Business Administration. In addition to the large discount malls, the expansion of SSM is expected to further drive the small trader bay. Shopping malls, department stores, and traditional markets contend with each other in Yanji, China, but a large number of citizens appear to prefer traditional markets and imported milk in the supermarket after the melamine scandal in China. Recently, the WanYuan (萬源) wholesale market has been partially completed and made an attempt to become a logistics hub in Northeast Asia. Conclusions - For the development of Korea's retail industry, it is important to offer the government with proposals regarding desired regulation. On the other hand, in order to enable the business of traditional markets, it requires an association for cultural tourism. At present, it would be better to provide a venture fund for the youth rather than infrastructure support. This study emphasizes the importance of institutions and policy to develop networks in the East Sea Rim. Future studies should conduct a survey on customers, managers, and merchants more carefully and systematically to understand the market situation while considering the size of the city and its evolution of markets, as well as policies and institutions.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.293-317
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• 2018

In the era of glocalization, the role of the state is gradually being reduced and the roles of cities and regions are becoming more critical, especially for the everyday life of residents. Many attempts have been made to secure regional competitiveness based on local identity, to differentiate it from other cities and regions, and to search for methods of sustainable development. The importance of place, which affects human life-world, is getting to garner more attention whereas the large-scale development-centered approach has becoming less prominent. The objective of the study is to investigate the concept of place-making and to apply for the East Asian regions, which seems to be differentiated from urban cultural frameworks of the West. The paper employs comparative methodology for the placemaking strategies of the three case locations, say Mok-dong in Seoul, Koganecho in Yokohama and red town in Shanghai. By through examining the three stages of place-making for each three place, it reveals that cultural identity is quintessential in the East-Asian region. In conclusion, it suggests a sustainable place-making strategies for urban areas in East-Asian regional setting.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.101-109
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• 2017

Traditional cultural resources in the region have unique cultural characteristics and are highly likely to be differentiated content resources. Therefore, when local cultural resources are developed as content, they can be given a role as a brand symbolizing the region together with economic value creation. In this paper, we propose a method to utilize traditional cultural resources in Jeonnam region as content material and to strengthen the connection with 'Namdo Renaissance' project contents in Jeonnam province. We propose seven regions as a region with content relevance for inter-regional collaboration through resource elements and analysis of Jeonnam cities and counties. We suggest "Story SarangBang" so that we can uncover and systematize stories with symbolic character by region. The developed story resources are developed as experiential contents through realistic media production technology and virtual reality platform and expanded to tourism contents and expanded to the window effect of contents. Also, by expanding cooperation governance between regions, it is possible to enhance opportunities for development of joint contents and enhance utilization as tourist contents, thereby contributing to regional economic development and related industries development.