• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.253-264
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• 2002

Surface ozone concentrations measured at 40 monitoring sites in three major cities (Seoul, Busan, and Daegu) of Korea during 1993~2000 were analyzed to understand the characteristics of temporal and spatial distributions. Trends were analyzed for annual mean, 95th percentiles of daily 8-hour maximum and days exceeding 8-h ozone standard of 60 ppb. Three indicators exhibited increasing trends (+0.75 ppb yr$^{-1}$ , +2.20 ppb yr$_{-1}$ , and +5.35 days yr$_{-1}$ on average) throughout the study period at all cities. Diurnal and seasonal variations were the largest in Seoul followed by Daegue and Busan, due to the high photochemical production and titration of ozone (Seoul), strong wind and constant supply of background ozone from the ocean (Busan). In the urban centers and industrial areas at all cities, scavenging of ozone by NO reduces the daily 8-hour maximum ozone by 10 ppb on average. High concentrations of ozone have frequently occurred in downwind eastern (Seoul and Daegu) or northern (Busan) sides of the territory. In particular, the coastal area of Busan had relatively high ozone level due to the local sea land breeze circulation. The results indicated that the temporal and spatial variations of ozone concentration were non -uniform and were closely related to the local environments; emission levels, climates, and geographic locations.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.314-317
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• 2008

Since the atmospheric clearness index is main factor for evaluating atmosphere environment, it is necessary to estimate its characteristics all over the major cities in Korea Peninsula. We have begun collecting clearness index data since 1982 at 16 different cities in South Korea and estimated using empirical forecasting models at 21 different stations over the North Korea from 1982 to 2006. This considerable effort has been made for constructing a standard value from measured data at each city. The new clearness data for global-dimming analysis will be extensively used by evaluating atmospheric environment as well as by solar PV application system designer or users. From the results, we can conclude that 1) Yearly mean 63.5% of the atmospheric clearness index was evaluated for clear day all over the 37 cities in Korea Peninsula, 2) Clear day's atmospheric clearness index of spring and summer were 64.6% ana 64.8%, and for fall and winter their values were 63.3% and 61.3% respectively in Korea Peninsula.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.203-221
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• 2015

Wind speed is the most important parameter in the design and study of wind energy conversion systems. The weibull distribution is commonly used for wind energy analysis as it can represent the wind variations with an acceptable level of accuracy. In this study, the wind data for 11 cities in Iran have been analysed over a period of one year. The Goodness of fit test is used for testing data fit to weibull distribution. The results show that this data fit to weibull function very well. The scale and shape factors are two parameters of the weibull distribution that depend on the area under study. The kinds of numerical methods commonly used for estimating weibull parameters are reviewed. Their performance for the cities under study was compared according to root mean square and wind energy errors. The result of the study reveals the empirical, modified maximum likelihood estimate of wind speed with minimum error. Also, that the moment and modified maximum likelihood are the best methods for estimating the energy production of wind turbines.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2019

This article assumes that the first newtown has declined in Korea. Urban regeneration projects should be implemented for regeneration for CBD in Newtown as well as small local cities. The purpose of this article is to analyze the character of the subway area and to suggest the key issues for regeneartion in the subway area. Especially focussing on the local important commercial function in 5 subway areas. As a result of analyzing 5 subway areas according to basic statistical data, field interviews, and legal decline diagnostic index, all five commercial districts showed decline. In particular, the decline of Baekseok Station area appears to be serious, and there is a key factor that attracts the decline of the commercial area such as the long - term building or the closure rate of each commercial area. In addition, the vacancy rate is increasing due to large distribution facilities in new cities, the entry of new floating facilities on the outskirts, and unsold new stores, and the recession is accelerating. In this way, the signs of decline in the core of the new city are enriched, but the current Urban Regeneration Act is a legal system with a policy goal of regeneration of small and medium cities in the provinces as a system to promote the function of core bases rather than the overall redevelopment of new cities. Therefore, preemptive response is needed for the regeneration in those areas.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.51-60
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• 2006

Ten years have passed since the Demolishing Walls Campaign has started in Daegu. Recently, the campaign influenced to the other cities in Korea, such as Seoul, Incheon and Busan with various names regarding cities' circumstances. In these context, the study aims to highlight the identity of the Demolishing Walls Campaign compare Daegu with other cities where similar movement has started. In addition, the study evaluates the campaign in terms of physical, psychological and economical aspects to suggest some practical suggestion for the development of the campaign based on questionnaire survey. The research findings are as follows. The research shows that the identity of the Daegu Campaign is started by bottom-up approach based on citizens' participation compare with others cities' campaigns which are mainly started by the local government so called top-down method. The Daegu campaign influences the local people aware of their potential abilities in positively improving urban environment. The results of survey also highlights the advantages of green spaces which by the campaign in terms of environmental and economical aspects. Newly generating urban greens accept and store heat which Influences urban microclimate conditions and it possibly affects energy savings of the city. Most of survey participants eager to continue this campaign which shows positive results in various aspects by the local people. Therefore, the city government building a coalition of local people, NGOs, and interest group to keep the identity of the campaign in Daegu.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.43-51
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• 2017

This study is to analyze establishment status and planning characteristics of the landscape master plan of 22 cities and counties in Jeollanam-do, Korea. The landscape master plans have been established in 19 cities and counties and among them they were established in 11 cities and counties before 2010. They tend to be made in city governments earlier than county governments. Community visions are implied with four meanings, 'landscape ecological', 'administrative economic', 'historical cultural', 'abstraction sensitive' in expression. For setting zones, axises, and bases of landscapes, characteristics of each landscape zone are emphasized with unification and connectivity of axises and bases of landscapes as one unit to local governments. Proposal of design principle or guideline of landscape by elements tend to be higher than landscape types. Locational characteristics of local governments have influenced to landscape types and characteristics of natural environments have been strongly reflected in landscape plan in particular.

• Journal of The Korean Digital Architecture Interior Association
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.51-60
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• 2011

Although the comparative advantage of cities is emphasized in the context of transition into an information-oriented society and globalization, it is difficult to define the concept and evaluate the status of each city. There have been many studies and appraisals on urban competitiveness with common features of subjective standards by researchers. This study aims at extracting determinants of competitive advantage of location by not normative but data-based approach, and deals with panel data concerning 21 cities in capital region. Factor Analysis, a kind of multivariate methods, is taken up for the purpose and results in various findings. Time-serial 5-factor models constructed by the analysis show temporal variability in the determinants and have non-exhaustive and overlapped categories. This study also finds that 'educational base' is emphasized as a leading determinant and 'health, welfare and public services' factor is getting more important. The other potential factor explaining variables such as college and museum is also emerging, which is considered as an element to attract people from outside. And the fact that traditionally expected factors regarding industrial or productive basis is not drawn out indicates the other way of thinking on the relationship between the essential function of cities and industrial foundation.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.53-70
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• 2011

Child Friendly Cities (CFC) is a framework for action with the aim of implementing the UN CRC led by local government in an urban context. A number of surveys with 755 children and adolescents were conducted in order to assess the community's child-friendliness level of Seoul. The results of this study were as follows : 1) Comprehensive assessment of the city's child-friendliness was overall seen to be negative. 2) In regards to the city's child-friendliness, the assessments of Children were more positive than those of the adolescents. 3) Boys assessed the city's child-friendliness more positively than girls. 4) The children and adolescents living in more wealthy communities assessed the city's child-friendliness more positively than those living in poorer areas. This study suggested that a local action plan for the Child Friendly Cities must be implemented to fulfill the CFC standards.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.93-103
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• 2013

Objectives: This study was to compare two healthy cities, Liverpool in England and Wonju in Korea, which evaluated healthy city projects and to reorient evaluation strategy which fits into Korean Healthy cities. Methods: Comparatives analysis was used by reviewing documents, healthy city plan and evaluation report, of two cities. Results: Healthy city projects in two cities, fifteen programs were identical items among twenty-seven but there were differences in seven items for Liverpool and five items for Wonju. In Liverpool evaluation was done by a stakeholder group called Liverpool Local Involvement Network(LINK), while in Wonju by Yonsei Healthy City Research Center. The evaluation tool was two types; quantitative and qualitative analysis. Liverpool mostly used qualitative and added quantitative, vice versa in Wonju. Conclusions: Evaluation plan for Healthy city projects need to be made in the first phase of the projects, instead of in the end. Moreover, it is important to include stakeholder in conducting qualitative analysis for unquantifiable evidence of effectiveness, as well as quantitative analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.103-110
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• 2014

The urban development, resulting from the economic growth that initiated in the 1960s, focused on outward expansion until the 1980s. However, beginning in the early 1990s, there has been a steady increase in the attention paid to the qualitative aspects of life. With increased income and awareness of quality life, citizens today demand for various good quality services. For them, urban public facilities are an important part of community life because the facilities have effect on their psychological comfort or satisfaction with residential area. Nevertheless, in reality, due to the lack of society's awareness of the importance and necessity of public facilities, not enough investment is being made in public facilities, failing to meet the growing demand for the facilities. This study examined the public facilities of provincial cities with focus on the number and total area size of the facilities, then compared and analyzed the facilities in terms of number and total area size. It is hoped that the findings from the study will encourage policy makers to increase support for public facilities, contributing to achieving the sustainable growth of cities.