• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.43-53
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to survey a perception of frequency & importance level of job performance, from 249 paramedics who were working at fire station. The job related activities of 4 duties, 18 tasks and 145 task elements were checked by 4 rating scale. The data were analyzed using a SPSS program for descriptive statistics. The results of the study were as follows ; 1. Some of the most frequent tasks were medical tx, managing people & organization, trauma care, pt assessment, general coping skill 2. Some of the most frequent task elements were preparation of written reports, operation of pt lifting supplies, transportation of patients on stretchers, administration of cervical collar and utilization of scoop stretcher. 3. Some of the highest level of importance in task were resuscitation of circulation, surgical tx, safety & infection control, environmental emergency care, trauma care. 4. Some of the highest level of importance in task elements were administration of cervical collar, adult CPR, infant CPR, child CPR, and AED. 5. The highest level of task elements in perception of frequency & importance were administration of cervical collar, infection control after pt care, utilization of long back board, disinfection of ambulance after ride a long, care of chest pain pt, care of unconscious pt, tx of asthma. 6. A difference between frequent & importance score were due to lack of supplies(41%), structural problems(30%) and medical control system(16%), lack of skills(10%), Suggestion; 1. This paper would be more reliable and confirm through wilder range of survey. 2. It would be necessary of more depth survey through dacom study from paramedic. 3. Development of field oriented protocol & curriculum that based on task elements which have high score of both frequency & importance level is required.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.457-477
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• 2010

Currently, collections with public libraries are evaluated only on the basis of simple data, such as the use volume of collections with individual libraries, and interlibrary lending (ILL) results. To promote the ILL of regional libraries and raise the use of collections, however, the evaluation of collections should be expanded from individual libraries to regional libraries. This study aims to propose user-oriented methods for evaluating the library collections within a regional library system by using four kinds of data: collection, acquisition, circulation, and ILL application data. The results of this study show that the proposed method can reveal the positions of each library within a regional library system, and also the characteristics of a library's collections and users' needs more precisely.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.1057-1061
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• 2008

For the purpose of investigating the reasonable logics contained in physiognomy of east and old western medicine. hypothetical researches based on hydromechanics theory were performed concerning facial types of form and pathologic features, especially 4 types of Dr. Jisan-Essence, Qi energy. Emotional Activity and Blood(EQAB). In order to infer the functional relation between facial type forming and EQAB factors, EQAB were supposed as fluid grounded on their continual flowing or periodical change and pressure effect from its congestion. and a premise that there's a linear corresponding relationship between the appearance of organ and its physical conditions of its inner vessels is formed too. Through this work, the unit fluid model(UFM) of Essence can be assumed as circle shape formed by the high viscosity and surface tension, the UFM model of Qi energy as quadrangular shape by the scattering features to outer four directions, and the UFM of emotional activity as inverted triangular shape by the flippant and uprising features, and the UFM of blood as ellipsoid triangle by the heavy and descending features in spite of circulation. The shapes made from each UFM are reproduced in the process of human development and manifest respective facial shape through the self-reproduction method like fractal theory in the last. Conclusively. it is said that the facial form analysis method like EQAB type theory can be the useful methodology to understand the human pathological and physiological features in view of hydromechanics.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.175-189
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• 2018

Objectives: In this study, we analyze statistics on industrial accidents caused by chemical skin contact and provide skin toxicity hazard information on the related domestic system and circulation volumes. Methods and Results: We analyzed occupational fatalities and skin diseases caused by chemical leaks and contact from 2007 to 2016(10 years) and surveyed data on occupational skin diseases using the 2014 work environment survey data. The NIOSH Skin Notation Profiles for 57 chemical substances, which are provided to prevent occupational skin diseases, were searched and hazard information on skin contact with chemical substances was classified. In order to identify skin toxicity information among domestically distributed and legally regulated substances and to investigate skin-toxic substances, MSDS basic data on 19,740 chemical substances provided on the homepage of Korea Occupational Safety & Health Agency were searched. Acute toxicity(dermal) category 1-4 substances totaled 1,020, and the number of chemical substances classified as category 1 and 2 substances were 135 and 137, respectively. In the chemical substances prescribed by the Ministry of Employment and Labor, 173 substances were classified into acute toxicity(dermal) categories 1-4, 58 of which correspond to category 1 or 2. Conclusions: Within the present range of industrial accidents, the proportion of skin diseases due to contact with chemicals is not high. However, there is always a risk of occupational skin diseases due to increasing chemicals and due to the use of new chemicals. It is hoped that this information will be used by workplace safety and health officials and health and safety experts to prevent acute toxity(dermal) due to chemical skin contact.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.768-773
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• 2007

Standardization to information attribute of construction material is continuous demanded through the life cycle of a construction project, and the productivity elevation is derived of contribution effect in construction market. This study surveyed the means of acquisition and attribute of information to a staff in purchase, which are effected on the revitalization of information circulation to the construction material Proposed the standardization to information attribute of construction material that is based on improvement and application to the information attribute. And information attribute is classified with construction process through analysis on test list of quality certification. This study also suggested representative attribute of quality information, for the elevation of safety and quality in construction industry. Therefore, logicality of common information is based by analysis of mathematical statistics, systemicity of quality information is applied by MasterFormat(2004)

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.23-42
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to identify the social networks used by the rural elderly and to analyze the effects of these social networks on the need for life services. The research subjects were 1,000 people aged 65 years and over living in the rural areas of Korea. Among the total 1,000 respondents, 979 elderly who have children were included in this study. The data were analyzed using frequency analysis, descriptive statistics, and multiple regression analysis. The results of this study were as follows. First, the frequency of contact with friends/neighbors was higher than that of children, whereas the social support of children was higher than that of friends/neighbors(excluding physical support). Second, the rate of use of home services and the elderly welfare center was very low. Promotion, a minimum cost burden, convenient transportation (circulation bus operation, etc.), and the provision of visiting services are examples of ways to be using them much more. Third, the elderly who do not live with their children have a higher need for life services. As well unlike the elderly who live with their children, in the case of the elderly who do not live with their children, the necessity for life services was influenced not only by their children but also by the relationship with their friends/neighbors and by home services. This implies that comprehensive social networks are important for the elderly who do not live with their children. Therefore, it is necessary to activate the social support of the community as well as of children and friends/neighbors.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.135-140
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• 2005

There are cofferdam and watertight wall to prevent of circulation or pollution during building of ocean structures like a dam and bridge in the harbors area and the sea. Inflow fluid and base of structure is important thing as one of the structural design factors for this interception wall like a cofferdam and watertight wall. In this study, it is revealed that at least 500 instantaneous velocity field data are required for ensemble average to get reliable turbulence statistics. The turbulent shear flow around a surface-mounted vertical wall was investigated by using the two-frame PIV(CACTUS 3.1) system and Mean velocity distributions have also been measured in the whole flow field.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.58-68
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• 2014

The statistics showed that about 1 billion automobiles were registered and about 40million ELVs occurred on the world in 2010. So all advanced countries including EU had plan to increase the ELVs recycling rate up to 95% of total by 2015. The Korean government also established a target for raising up to 95% of ELVs recycling rate according to 'Act on the Resource Circulation of Electrical and Electronic Equipment and Vehicles'. Before being satisfied with the requirement of recycling of ELVs however, the problem is issued on the scraps of plastic and non-ferrous metals which are now being abandoned and reclaimed with no adequate reuse. Therefore, as a part of preceding investigation on the present state of ELVs recycling in the world, this preliminary investigation study was carried out focusing on the state of EU's disposal and management regulations of ELVs and SLF/ASR including the world trend of disposal and management regulations of ELVs and SLF/ASR.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.154-154
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• 2018

To interpret the climate projections for the future as well as present, recognition of the consequences of the climate internal variability and quantification its uncertainty play a vital role. The Korean Peninsula belongs to the Far East Asian Monsoon region and its rainfall characteristics are very complex from time and space perspective. Its internal variability is expected to be large, but this variability has not been completely investigated to date especially using models of high temporal resolutions. Due to coarse spatial and temporal resolutions of General Circulation Models (GCM) projections, several studies adopted dynamic and statistical downscaling approaches to infer meterological forcing from climate change projections at local spatial scales and fine temporal resolutions. In this study, stochastic downscaling methodology was adopted to downscale daily GCM resolutions to hourly time scale using an hourly weather generator, the Advanced WEather GENerator (AWE-GEN). After extracting factors of change from the GCM realizations, these were applied to the climatic statistics inferred from historical observations to re-evaluate parameters of the weather generator. The re-parameterized generator yields hourly time series which can be considered to be representative of future climate conditions. Further, 30 ensemble members of hourly precipitation were generated for each selected station to quantify uncertainty. Spatial map was generated to visualize as separated zones formed through K-means cluster algorithm which region is more inconsistent as compared to the climatological norm or in which region the probability of occurrence of the extremes event is high. The results showed that the stations located near the coastal regions are more uncertain as compared to inland regions. Such information will be ultimately helpful for planning future adaptation and mitigation measures against extreme events.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.103-109
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• 2020

Objectives: Using as a sleep evaluation tool the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), this paper studied the effects of earthing on the amount and quality of sleep by examining a patient population of people who used and did not use earthing mats and a group of general healthy people. Methods: From September to November 2019, 30 patients who voluntarily used an earthing mat, 40 patients who did not use an earthing mat, and 40 healthy people who did not use an earthing mat were selected. A questionnaire applying the PSQI (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) after being translated into Korean was distributed starting November 29, 2019 to 110 subjects. Out of them, 101 subjects who completed the questionnaire were examined. All statistics used SPSS 25.0. Results: The first overall score showed that all three groups had problems sleeping, with five points or more, but the general population had better sleep quality than the patient group. It also showed that the using matgroup had better quality of sleep than the ones that did not use the earthing mat In addition, the analysis of the third group through the variance analysis showed significance at >0.05 for the general population and the patient group. Based on this, a multi-comparison analysis of the third group showed significantly less than 0.05 in patients who do not use an earthing mat compared to the public. First of all, there are no statistically significant differences between the three groups in subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, and sleep time, but an analysis of multiple comparison analysis with the general population group showed that the quality of sleep was worse compared to those that used the mat. In addition, sleep efficiency, sleep disorder, sleeping pills, and daytime dysfunction were found to be less than >0.05 in the three groups. Conclusions: These results suggest that if you ground your body to Earth during sleep, the secretion of cortisol will decrease night levels, sync more with the natural 24-hour circulation rhythm profile, and that when you sleep, sleep is better and pain and stress are associated with the study. While the preceding study cannot confirm that contact with the ground affects the quality of sleep, it suggests that it is relevant as shown in this paper.