• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• 제53권4호
• /
• pp.440-444
• /
• 2015

Effects of operating variables on the solid circulation rate were investigated in a three-phase circulating fluidized bed, of which inside diameter was 0.102m and height was 3.5m, respectively. Gas velocity, primary and secondary liquid velocities, particle size and height of solid particles piled up in the solid recycle device were chosen as operating variables. The solid circulation rate increased with increasing primary and secondary liquid velocities and height of solid particles piled up in the solid recycle device, but decreased with increasing particle size. The value of solid circulation rate decreased only slightly with increasing gas velocity in the riser. The values of solid circulation rate were well correlated in terms of dimensionless groups within the experimental conditions.

• 대한기계학회논문집
• /
• 제17권5호
• /
• pp.1313-1320
• /
• 1993

본 연구에서는 가시화가 가능한 상승부를 가진 개방된2상 자연순환 회로를 설치하여 각 운전 조건에 따른 순환 유동 특성을 살펴보았다. 즉, 가열량 증가에 따 른 상승부에서의 2상 유동 양식의 변화를 관찰하였고 동시에 가열기 입구 과냉 액체의 순환 유속 및 상승부의 기공률(void fraction)을 측정하였다. 또한 가열기 입구 및 출구에 설치된 밸브의 마찰저항, 가열기 입구 액체의 과냉 정도, 그리고 충전수위등이 전반적인 유동특성에 미치는 영향을 연구하였다.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한기계학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회B
• /
• pp.2626-2631
• /
• 2007

Air-water two phase natural circulation flow in the T-HERMES (Thermo-Hydraulic Evaluation of Reactor cooling Mechanism by External Self-induced flow)-1D experiment has been evaluated to verify and evaluate the experimental results by using the RELAP5/MOD3 computer code. The RELAP5 results have shown that an increase in the coolant inlet area leads to an increase in the water circulation mass flow rate. However, the water outlet area does not effective on the water circulation mass flow rate. As the coolant outlet moves to a lower position, the water circulation mass flow rate decreases. The water level is not effective on the water circulation mass flow rate. As the height increases in the air injection part, the void fraction increases. However, the void fraction in the upper part of the air injector maintains a constant value. An increase in the air injection mass flow rate leads to an increase in the local void fraction, but it is not effective on the local pressure.

• 한국추진공학회지
• /
• 제23권5호
• /
• pp.43-52
• /
• 2019

극저온 유체를 사용하는 발사체는 극저온 유체의 자연순환회로를 이용하여 발사체의 엔진 입구를 냉각한다. 자연순환회로의 질량유량은 순환시스템을 구성하는 배관의 길이 및 직경과 시스템으로 들어오는 열유입에 의하여 결정된다. 극저온 유체의 자연순환회로의 순환 검증 및 질량유량 측정을 위하여 실험을 진행하였으며, 이론적 계산 결과와 비교하였다. 비교 결과 12%의 오차가 있음을 확인하였다. 이 결과를 바탕으로 발사체 상단에서 저중력 구간 및 가속 구간에서의 자연순환 질량유량을 예측한 내용을 포함한다. 가속구간에서는 산화제탱크가 100 kPa 내외로 유지하는 것이 자연순환유량 증가에 이로웠으며, 저중력구간에서는 중력가속도의 크기에 따른 최적 압력으로 조절해야 자연순환유량의 최고값을 유지할 수 있었다.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한기계학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회
• /
• pp.2141-2145
• /
• 2004

As part of study on thermal hydraulic behavior in the reactor cavity under external vessel cooling in the APR (Advanced Power Reactor) 1400, one dimensional two phase flow of steady state in the reactor cavity have been analyzed to investigate a coolant circulation mass flow rate in the annulus region between the reactor vessel and the insulation material using the RELAP5/MOD3 computer code. The RELAP5/MOD3 results have shown that a two phase natural circulation flow of 300 - 600 kg/s is generated in the annulus region between the reactor vessel and the insulation material when the external vessel cooling has been applied in the APR 1400. An increase in the heat flux of the inner vessel leads to an increase of the coolant mass flow rate. An increase in the coolant outlet area leads to an increase in the coolant circulation mass flow rate, but the coolant inlet area does not effective on the coolant circulation mass flow rate. The change of the lower coolant outlet to a lower position affects the coolant circulation mass flow rate, but the variation trend is not consistent.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한기계학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회B
• /
• pp.3086-3091
• /
• 2007

When a molten corium is relocated in a lower head of a reactor vessel, the ERVC (External Reactor Vessel Cooling) system is actuated as coolant is supplied into a reactor cavity to remove a decay heat from the molten corium during a severe accident. To achieve this severe accident mitigation strategy, the two-phase natural circulation flow in the annular gap between the external reactor vessel and the insulation should be formed sufficiently by designing the coolant inlet/outlet area and gap size adequately on the insulation device. For this reason, one-dimensional natural circulation flow tests were conducted to estimate the natural circulation flow under the ERVC condition of APR1400. The experimental facility is one-dimensional and scaled-down as the half height and 1/238 rectangular channel area of the APR1400 reactor vessel. As the water inlet area increased, the natural circulation mass flow rate asymptotically increased, that is, it converged at a specific value. And the circulation mass flow rate also increased as the outlet area, injected air flow rate, and outlet height increased. But the circulation mass flow rate was not changed along with the external water level variation if the water level was higher than the outlet height.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제54권1호
• /
• pp.72-83
• /
• 2022

This paper presents a numerical investigation of two-phase natural circulation flows established when external reactor vessel cooling is applied to a severe accident of the APR1400 reactor for the in-vessel retention of the core melt. The coolability limit due to external reactor vessel cooling is associated with the natural circulation flow rate around the lower head of the reactor vessel. For an elaborate prediction of the natural circulation flow rate using a thermal-hydraulic system code, MARS-KS1.5, a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation is conducted to estimate the flow rate and pressure distribution of a liquid-state coolant at the brink of significant void generation. The CFD calculation results are used to determine the loss coefficient at major flow junctions, where substantial pressure losses are expected, in the nodalization scheme of the MARS-KS code such that the single-phase flow rate is the same as that predicted via CFD simulations. Subsequently, the MARS-KS analysis is performed for the two-phase natural circulation regime, and the transient behavior of the main thermal-hydraulic variables is investigated.

• 설비공학논문집
• /
• 제13권9호
• /
• pp.878-887
• /
• 2001

Experimental investigation has been carried out to examine the operating characteristics of a bubble pump for diffusion absorption refrigerator. The effects of heat input and delivery height on generation rate of refrigerant vapor and circulation rate of solution have been investigated. as a result heat input and delivery height increase, circulation rate of solution increases. And the smaller the tube diameter, the larger the circulation rate of solution. Pumping ratio increases to a critical point and then decrease with the increase of heat input, and it increases with the increase in delivery height. In this paper, Marcus's analytical theory was also examined. It was found that the Marcus\`s analytical theory of a bubble pump was not appropriate for a bubble pump using ammonia aqueous solution as a working fluid.

• 한국농공학회논문집
• /
• 제63권2호
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2021

Agricultural reservoirs have a great influence on the water circulation in the watershed. It is necessary to evaluate the impact on water circulation by the agricultural reservoir. Therefore, in this study, we simulated the agricultural watershed through linkage of Hydrological Simulation Program Fortran (HSPF) and Module-based hydrologic Analysis for Agricultural watershed (MASA) and evaluated the contribution of the agricultural reservoir to water circulation by watershed water circulation index. As a result of simulating the Idong reservoir watershed through the HSPF-MASA linkage model, the model performance during the validation period was R2 0.74 upstream, 0.78 downstream, and 0.76 reservoir water level, respectively. To evaluate the contribution of agricultural reservoirs, three scenarios (baseline, present state, and present state without reservoir) were simulated, and the water balance differences for each scenario were analyzed. In the evaluation through the agricultural water circulation rate in the watershed, it was found that the water circulation rate increased by 1.1%, and the direct flow rate decreased by 13.6 mm due to the agricultural reservoir. In the evaluation through the Budyko curve, the evaporation index increased by 0.01. Agricultural reservoirs reduce direct runoff and increase evapotranspiration, which has a positive effect on the water circulation.

• 한국유체기계학회 논문집
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.23-28
• /
• 2010

A draft tube which has impeller to elevate bottom water and spread it over surface of lake water, induces convective circulation of lake water, a Long-Distance Circulation (LDC). Circulation of lake water make stratified water mixed and enhance DO (Dissolved Oxygen) of bottom water. Circulation rate of water is determined by draft rate of the tube, which is dependent on design parameters of the draft tube system, i. e. dimension of impeller and diffuser, inclined angle of impeller, impeller shape, and rotational speed. In this study, change in draft rate and power consumption of circulation equipment was investigated numerically with changing impeller dimension, angle and rotational speed. It was found that flowrate of draft water was increased as the dimensions of draft tube and impeller, and rotational speed and inclined angle of impeller increased. The power consumption was also elevated with increasing parameter values, and final selection of parameter values was made to satisfy target flowrates and power consumption.