• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.187-207
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• 2014

Public library user studies are required for better services and circulation records can be used as specific library data to identify common user patterns of the libraries. This study examined 754,198 of circulation data set - number of users, frequencies of circulation, volume of time of circulation and etc. The results of this study indicate the possibility of using circulation data to analyze the usage patterns in public libraries and to provide major types of users, collections, time of circulation, and common library user behaviors for better public library services.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.53-61
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• 2008

There are many ways to know the social and cultural level of each country. Among them, a theme museum are not only the best place to understand the history, the life style and the culture level. This thesis has the purpose to provide the basic material through analyzing the space composition and the visitor circulation of the theme museum and understanding the relativity of them so that the new theme museums can be designed in the right direction. So I chose the independence museum that opened with in recent 10 years, finally middle & small size's theme museum were selected. The results from the case study are as follow. Firstly, according to a result of analyzing the characteristics of space composition with the ratio of each part's area, space composition of each museum is mainly for the exhibition part, but rarely for the education part. Secondly, theme museums in Jeju have the limit of diversity of circulation method because they have not the free circulation method. Thirdly, the characteristics of space composition is divided into basic type, center-hall enter type, around the center-hall type and guidance type. Fourthly, by analyzing the characteristics of space composition and circulation method of traffic line, it's realized that selective circulation method was applied to basic type and center-hall enter type, and guidance circulation method was applied to around the center-hall type and guidance type.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.246-258
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• 2010

A convective circulation box was redesigned after analyzing reasons why adolescent elementary school students could not derive a convective circulation concept from the convection circulation box experiments. Even though students were in the formal operational period of Piaget, the adolescents felt difficult to understand a concept of the natural phenomena they have never seen before. Thus, we designed a method to help students increase their scientific understandings about the concept through developing a miniature convective circulation box. Findings indicated that an application of redesigned convective circulation box in the classroom experiment significantly increased the students' understanding about the convective circulations of land and sea breezes, and as well as their participation in the activities. In addition, the redesigned convective circulation box motivated students to develop their scientific thinking skills by allowing them to decide where to put visible incenses inside the box and to directly observe the smoke currents circulation formed accordingly. Redesigning and using a convective circulationbox as a miniature of natural phenomenon helps students avoid having misconceptions. The biggest merits of the box are that it is observable in all directions, it provides much clearer convective circulations comparing to the extant box, and it requires low production costs.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.15 no.3 s.56
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• pp.155-162
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• 2006

Space is integrated or segment with organic formation by circulation path. It estimates important problem to grasp as factor that promote movement of visitor and space organization without grasping circulation as connection relation about simple space function from these viewpoint, is a thing which this study does not cause confusion to visitor's circulation path through data that analyze form of space connection and visitor's circulation path as quantitative in museum space and layout form that access by easy each unit exhibition grasps what it is. This study does factor grasping for guideline and inspection circulation path of layout by purpose in exhibition space on the basis of analytical result that grasps connection form between exhibition area that grasp laying stress on visitor's movement and appears in space through follow-up survey for circulation path of museum exhibition area. Space connection form that is expose by sequence of investigation and analysis(II) estimates on constituent affecting to visitor's circulation, and these do not speak for all space connection forms at the museum, but may systematize typology about connection form of unit spaces to utilize by indicator pointer of space planning if continue study to various spatial sphere more than hereafter. Unit exhibition area, divide connection form of space by grid and tree and laying stress on this quantitative data by spectator follow-up survey comparison and Estimate that space connection form provides partial basis of judgement for supposition that can promote direction and circulation path about visitor's movement if summarize result of investigation and analysis (III).

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.63 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2021

Agricultural reservoirs have a great influence on the water circulation in the watershed. It is necessary to evaluate the impact on water circulation by the agricultural reservoir. Therefore, in this study, we simulated the agricultural watershed through linkage of Hydrological Simulation Program Fortran (HSPF) and Module-based hydrologic Analysis for Agricultural watershed (MASA) and evaluated the contribution of the agricultural reservoir to water circulation by watershed water circulation index. As a result of simulating the Idong reservoir watershed through the HSPF-MASA linkage model, the model performance during the validation period was R2 0.74 upstream, 0.78 downstream, and 0.76 reservoir water level, respectively. To evaluate the contribution of agricultural reservoirs, three scenarios (baseline, present state, and present state without reservoir) were simulated, and the water balance differences for each scenario were analyzed. In the evaluation through the agricultural water circulation rate in the watershed, it was found that the water circulation rate increased by 1.1%, and the direct flow rate decreased by 13.6 mm due to the agricultural reservoir. In the evaluation through the Budyko curve, the evaporation index increased by 0.01. Agricultural reservoirs reduce direct runoff and increase evapotranspiration, which has a positive effect on the water circulation.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.357-376
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• 2022

This study examines circulation status and trends of a public library during three year periods from January 2019 to December 2021. There was a statistically significant difference in the mean number of circulation between the pre-Covid-19 period and the Covid-19 period, and the Covid-19 period and the Covid-19 recovery period. However, no significant difference was found between the pre-Covid-19 period and the Covid-19 recovery period. Across three years, there was a significant difference in the distribution of circulation per month. Circulation distribution was also significantly different among different days of the week and different hours of the day. Monthly circulation distribution and hourly circulation distribution during the pre-Covid-19 period was similar to those of the Covid-19 recovery period, whereas those of the Covid-19 period differed from the pre-Covid-19 period and the Covid-19 recovery period. It is expected that the results of this study could contribute to the collection development, and the management and improvement of services of public libraries. It is also expected that the results of this study could contribute to the prediction of circulation patterns and information needs of public library users.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.125-125
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• 2023

Estuarine dams are dams constructed in estuaries for reasons such as securing freshwater resources, controlling water levels, and hydroelectric power generation. These estuarine dams alter the flow of freshwater to the coastal ocean and the tidal properties of the estuaries which has implications for the estuaries' circulation and sediment transport. A previous study has analyzed the effect of estuarine dams on 1D (along-channel) circulation and sediment transport. However, the effect of estuarine dams on the transverse variability of along-channel and across-channel circulation and sediment transport has not been studied and is not known. In this study, a coupled hydrodynamic-sediment dynamic numerical model (COAWST) was used to analyze the transverse variability of along-channel and across-channel flow and sediment transport in estuaries with estuarine dams. The estuarine dam was found to change the 3D structure of circulation and sediment transport, and the result was found to depend on the estuarine type (i.e., strongly stratified (SS) or well-mixed (WM) estuary). The SS estuary had inflow in the channel and outflow over the shoals, consistent with estuarine circulation. Longer discharge interval reduced the estuarine circulation. The WM estuary had inflow over the shoals and outflow in the channel, consistent with tide-induced circulation. As the estuarine dam was located nearer to the estuary mouth, the tide-induced circulation was reduced and replaced with estuarine circulation. The lateral circualtion was the greatest in the tide-dominated estuaries. It was reduced and changed direction due to differential advection change as the dam was located nearer the mouth. Overall, the WM estuary transverse flow structure changed the most. Lateral sediment flux was important in all estuaries, particularly for transporting sediments to the tidal flats.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.1417-1424
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• 2014

This study is supposed to offer data related to whether circulation training(aerobic and anaerobic exercise) focused on overweight women has positive effects on reducing fat and increasing muscles for middle-aged women. This study aims to investigate how the circulation training effect overweight middle-aged women's female hormone, blood lipid, which offers basic data of exercise program to keep the overweight middle-aged women healthy. Participants for the study are 30 to 45-year-women who were willing to take part in a M Sports Diet Program in G gu, B metropolitan city, did not have any disease. They were 29 overweight women and showed more than 30% of body fat percentage. Female hormone, blood lipid were measured twice before and in 12 weeks after exercise. The results obtained from this study are given as in the following. Although estrogen has significantly increased after the circulation training, there was no meaningful difference from the control group. After 12-weeks-circulation training, even though there were no meaningful differences. before the training, the circulation training group was significantly higher than the control group. Although TC has significantly decreased after the circulation training, there was no meaningful difference from the control group. the circulation training group was significantly lower than the control group. Even though TG was no significantly decreased after the circulation training, there was no significantly difference from the control group. the circulation training group was significantly lower than the control group. Even though HDL-C has significantly increased after the circulation training, there was no meaningful difference from the control group. the circulation training group was significantly higher than the control group. Even though LDL-C has significantly decreased after the circulation training, there was no significantly difference from the control group. the circulation training group was significantly lower than the control group.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.885-897
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• 2006

A new mathematical model of pumping heart coupled to lumped compartments of blood circulation is presented. This lumped pulsatile cardiovascular model consists of eight compartments of the body that include pumping heart, the systemic circulation, and the pulmonary circulation. The governing equations for the pressure and volume in each vascular compartment are derived from the following equations: Ohm's law, conservation of volume, and the definition of compliances. The pumping heart is modeled by the time-dependent linear curves of compliances in the heart. We show that the numerical results in normal case are in agreement with corresponding data found in the literature. We extend the developed lumped model of circulation in normal case into a specific model for arrhythmia. These models provide valuable tools in examining and understanding cardiovascular diseases.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.86-96
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• 2004

Identification of dynamics of short circulation during grade change operations in paper mills is very important for the effective plant operation. In the present study a prediction method of One Pass Retention(OPR) is proposed based on the neural network. The present method is used to analyze the dynamics of short circulation during grade change. Properties of the product paper largely depend upon the change in the OPR. In the present study the OPR is predicted from the training of the network by using grade change operation data. The results of the prediction are applied to the modeling equation to give flow rates and consistencies of short circulation.