• 제목/요약/키워드: Cigarette

검색결과 895건 처리시간 0.033초

근로자의 금연프로그램 참가의도와 관련된 요인 (Factors Related to the Intention of Participation in a Worksite Smoking Cessation Program)

  • 김성아;감신;예민해;박기수;오희숙;손재희
    • Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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    • 제32권3호
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    • pp.297-305
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    • 1999
  • Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate factors related to the intention of participation in a worksite smoking cessation program. Methods: To explain the health behavior of participating intention in a worksite smoking cessation program, the health belief model(HBM) was used as study model, and 144 self-administered questionnaires were completed by electronic company workers. Variables of the health belief model were composed of perceived susceptibility to smokinginduced disease, perceived severity of smoking-induced disease, economical gain as perceived benefit of smoking cessation, and nicotine dependency as perceived barrier of smoking cessation. Variables of sociodemographics, smoking status, knowledge about adverse health effects of smoking, and cues to smoking cessation were used as modifying factors. Results: Perceived severity(POR=1.99, 95% CI: 1.03-3.83), perceived benefit(POR=2.11, 95% CI: 1.07-4.17), and perceived barrier(POR=0.29, 95% CI: 0.11-0.76) were significant variables to the intention of participation in a worksite smoking cessation program in the logistic regression analysis. The perceived severity was significantly affected by knowledge about adverse health effects of smoking(POR=2.17, 95% CI: 1.23-3.84). The perceived barrier was significantly affected by education level(POR=3.66, 95% CI: 1.17-11.44), age to first cigarette (POR=0.32, 95% CI: 0.10-0.98), pack-years(POR=5.47, 95% CI: 2.37-12.61). To the Perceived benefit, the model was not fitted. Conclusion: Our results found that counterplans improving the knowledge about adverse health effects of smoking, preventing early smoking, and decreasing smoking amount should be considered for an effective smoking ban policy.

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흡연인들에서 증가된 혈장지질 농도가 비타민 E 영양상태와 글루타티온 과산화효 활성에 미치는 영향 (The Relation of the Elevated Plasma Lipid Levels to Plasma Vitamin E Status and Activities of Erythrocyte Glutathione Perosicase in Smokers)

  • 윤군애
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • 제31권8호
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    • pp.1254-1262
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    • 1998
  • This study has done to investigate the relationship between the icreased lipid oncentration caused by smoking and plama levels of vitamin A and vitamin E, antiodative enzyme activity, and lipid peroxidation , in 52 male smokers and 32 non-smokers, Dietary vitamin A and vitamin E intake was imilar in both smokers and non-smokers. Absolute plasma concentrations of vitamin A and vitamin E were not significantly different between two groups, whereas vitamin E/cholesterol ration in plasma was low or in smokers than in that of non-smokers(p<0.05). It was considered that this lowered effect was due to the elevated plasma lipid concentration rather than oxidant stress derived from smoking, in view of the fact that smokers had higher cholesterol (15.2%) adn LDL-C(26.6%) levels than non-smokers. In non-smokers, plasma thiobarbiturin acid reactive substances(TBARS) conrrelated positively with total cholesterol(r=0.63466, p<0.001), LDL-C level(r=0.57166, p<0.01) , and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio(r=0.45926, p<0.05) . Activities of glutathione perosidase(GSH-Px) , superoside dismutase(SOD), and catalse made no difference in both groups. However, it was observed in non-smokers that GSH-Px activity had negative correlations with total cholesterol(r=-0.67293, p<0.001), LDL-C level(r=-0.62878, p<0.001), and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio (r=-0.58824, p<0.01), indicating that there was a dependent relationship between lipid perosidation and plasma lipid level. The smokers also showed negative correlations for GSH-Px activity with total cholesterol (r=-0.29946, p<0.05) and LDL-c level (r=0.45914, p<0.001), and LDL-C/HDL-c ratio(r=-0.35438, p<0.05). It seemed that the lipid that the lipid level elevated by sustaines smoking resulted in reducing vitamin E/cholesterol ratio and proportion of antioxidant to oxidant load, and then GSH-Px activity, with insufficient removal of free radicals(TBARS 2.43$\pm$0.51 and 1.81$\pm$0.15nmol/ml in smokers and non-smokers, respectively). These findings suggest that higher plasma lipid levels may play a more important role in perturbing the antioxidant defense system including vitamin E status and GSH-Px activity, at least in circumstances that increase lipid concentration . In addition, in exposure to free radicals like those in cigarette smoke. In those cases the ratio of vitamin E/lipid in plasma can be a more indicator of vitamin E status than plasma levels of vitamin E alone.

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활성탄 첨가에 따른 담배용 필터지의 이화학적 특성 (Physical and Chemical Properties of Charcoal Added Paper for Cigarette Filter)

  • 이문용;전양;김영호;이정일
    • 한국펄프종이공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국펄프종이공학회 1999년도 춘계학술발표논문집
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    • pp.77-77
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    • 1999
  • 담배용 필터에 사용되고 있는 재료는 아세테이트, 종이, 폴리프로펼렌, 부직포등이 주로 이용되고 있으 며 담배연기의 흡착능을 향상시키기 위한 방법으로 활성탄 제오라이트와 같은 흡착제를 담배필터에 첨가하여 사용하고 있다. 본 실험에서는 펼터에 가장 보편적으로 많이 사용하고 있는 활성탄을 종이 제조과정에 첨가하여 나타나는 물리적 특성을 관찰하였고 제조된 종이를 담배필터에 적용하기 위하여 현행 습식 크림핑(crimping)방법과는 달리 건식 크림핑(crimping)방법을 이용한 적합한 조건을 검토하 였으며 이에 따른 담배필터에서의 연기흡착능을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 시트의 물리적 특성과 담배 연기성분 홉착능을 예측하기 위하여 펄프의 불성과 uv 홉착능을 분 석한 결과 Sw-BKP가 Hw-BKP에 비하여 강도적 성질이 우수하였고 또한 메틸렌불루(methylene b blue) 흡착능도 높은 경 향을 나타내 었다. 2. 활성탄 함량의 증가에 따라 섬유간의 결합력이 약화됨에 따라서 시트의 인장강도 및 파열강도가 감 소하는 경향이 가장 크게 나타났으며 평량이 펼프 배합비보다 높은 인자로 작용하였다. 또한 인자 간의 교호작용에서는 평량과 활성탄 함량에 따라서 크게 나타났으며 평량, Sw-BKP의 함량이 증가할 수록 인장강도는 증가하였다. 3. Stiffness는 활성탄 함량 펄프 배합비 평량의 순에따라 중요한 인자로 작용하였고 활성탄 함량 이 많을수록 stiffness는 감소하였으며 평 량 Sw-BKP의 함량이 높을수록 증가하였다 인자간의 교 호작용은 평량과 활성탄 함량이 다른 요인에 비하여 높은 경향을 보였다. 4. 인열강도는 활성탄 함량이 증가함에 따라 가장 크게 감소하였고 시트의 평량이 펄프 배합비보다 높은 인자로 작용하였으며 평 량 Sw-BKP의 함량이 높을수록 증가하였다 인자간의 교호작용에서는 펄프 배합비와 활성탄 함량에 따라 크게 나타났다. 5. 종이 필터지에서 시트의 평량이 bulk에 가장 큰 인자로 작용하였는데 이는 같은 두께에서 평량올 변화시킨 요인으로 판단되며 시트의 평량이 높을수록 감소하였고 활성탄 함량, Sw-BKP의 배합비 가 높을수록 증가하였다. 또한, 인자간의 교호작용은 평 량과 활성 탄 함량에 따라 크게 작용하였다. 6 6. Crimp index는 관능검사 결과로서 활성탄 함량이 증가함에 따라 현저하게 저하되었으며 평량 및 S Sw-BKP의 배합비가 높을수록 양호한 결과를 나타내었다. 인자간의 교호작용에서는 평량과 펄프 배합비에 따라 가장 높은 경향을 나타내었다. 7 활성탄을 첨가하여 제조한 종이필터의 담배 연기성분 흡착능은 acetate tow에 charcoal을 첨가한 필터에 비하여 tar흡착능이 6% 이상 향상되었고, 특히 증기상 물질(vapour phase)중 aldehyde류에 대한 제거율(removal efficiency)이 높게 나타났다. 8. 건식 크림핑 방법에 의한 담배필터 제조시 펼프의 홉착능, 시트의 강도적 특성, 크림핑 조건 및 담 배 연기성분 흡착능 등을 고려하여 적정조건을 선정하였으며, 펄프 배합비(Sw-BKP따w-BKP)는 6 65/35, 시트의 평량은 40g/$m^2$ 활성탄 함량은 10% 이었다.

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마리화나 남용환자의 역동적인 발달요인과 문제해결 (Dynamic Developmental Factors and their Problem Solving of Patients that Abuse Marihuana)

  • 원정숙
    • 대한간호학회지
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    • 제4권3호
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    • pp.105-116
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    • 1974
  • This study was made on patients who were Hospitalized due to sickness caused by the abuse of marihuana at the Psychiatric Section of a hospital during the period from Feb. to Oct., 1974. The following conclusion was obtained by reviewing the literature with respect to the nursing, and problem solving of those patients. 1. It appears that marihuana is a comparatively mild intoxicant in ordinary preparation without causing physical dependence or tolerance. 2. According to the status of men who are marihuana smokers, approximately 20% of them were college students, those preparing to retake college entrance examinations, non-employed and pharmacists. The men belong mostly to the middle foreigner′s mistress of higher, income bracket, and in the case of women, most of the smokers were US. servicemen entertainers. 3. Dynamic developmental factors: Case 1. : The patient had a characteristic, hysterical and emotionally unitable character, and was of low intelligence, In addition, to this already existing problem, the added uses of marihuana caused a mental illness to develope. Case 2 : The character, was reserved and introspective, her creative power and sentiment was fading and his ability of self-control was weakened. She used the smoking of marihuana to get rid of her own feeling of inferiority complex and tensions coming from interpersonal relationships. Case 3 : The patient was unconditionally resistive to the authoritativeness of superiors and irresponsible in his relationship with women, in his attitude concerning sex in general. He smoked marihuana because he felt become peace-loving and get enchanted experience through smoking it. 4. The points of issue appearing from the above case; (1) Movement of anti-social feelings against the "established system" by the youngsters. (2) Family problem. (3) Shamelessness, loss of motivation, disorderly attitude toward the sex, (4) Worries concerning the future. (5) Lack of knowledge concerning smoking of cigarette and marihuana. Chronic use of marihuana made, those youngman who had originally been ambitions to achieve something in life, lazy, inefficient, unable to make long-term plans, are such weak mined persons that they did not try to overcome problems when encountered. This will pose a great and important question in the mental health of the society, 5. Treatment and Problem sieving According to the literature, we will have to place importance upon hospitalized treatment The phases of treatment were divided into five parts. (1) Prehospital phase (2) Withdrawal Phase (3) Rehabilitation phase (4) Transitional phase (5) After-care phase The experiments have proved that there was much progress in the recovery of patients through environment therapy, supportive therapy and group psychotherapy. This was the above mentioned 5 phases of treating process in accordance with the weekly schedule of the hospital. It was thought that the patients would require prolonged after care management even after they were released from the hospital and that they will also require periodic visit, to the hospital and doctor′s interview with their family. In conclusion, the question of the young generation and marihuana smoking is becoming a great social problem in which their resistances to the "established system" and society is growing in the from of antiestablishment movements. In our country, the smoking of marihuana is gradually developing, therefore, I think, that it would be a very fortunate thing for us, if this report could be helpful for the motivation of further study on the questions of the young generation and its problems.

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In Vitro에서 니코틴이 치주인대세포에 미치는 세포분열효과에 대한 연구 (MITOGENIC EFFECTS OF NICOTINE TO HUMAN PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT(PDL) CELLS IN VITRO)

  • 노준;전윤식
    • 대한치과교정학회지
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    • 제27권6호
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    • pp.955-961
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    • 1997
  • 흡연의 주성분중의 하나인 니코틴은 인체내에 다양한 전신적 및 국소적인 질환의 원인으로 보고 되어지고 있다. 전신적인 질환에 있어 특히, 호흡기와 순환기 조직세포에 대한 세포분열효과가 많은 연구의 초점이 되어왔으며, 국소적인 효과에 대한 연구에서는 조직파괴나 치료후 치유지연에 대해 보고하고 있다. Platelet-Derived Growth Factor(PDGF)와 Insulin-like Growth Factor(IGF)는 치주인대세포의 세포분열을 촉진하는 주요 성장인자로 알려져있다. 본 연구의 목적은 니코틴이 사람의 치주인대세포에 미치는 세포분열효과를 알아보기 위하여 니코틴 처리된 치주인대세포로부터 추출한 PDGF-${\alpha}\;and\;{\beta}$ receptor 및 IGF-l 수용기의 mRNA변화를 Northern분석을 이용해 확인해 보고자 함이다. 실험군은 각기 다른 농도의 니코틴(100ng/ml, 1000mg/ml)과 배양액내 혈청농도($1\%,\;10\%$)로 나누었으며 이를 각각 니코틴 처리 시간에 따라 분류하였다. 본연구의 결과로 $10\%$ 혈청의 배양액과 100ng/ml 니코틴 농도군에서 모든 성장인자 수용체의 mRNA가 증가됨을 보였으며 이는 흡연자의 체내 축적 가능한 니코틴 농도에서 치주인대세포의 세포분열을 촉진한다는 추측을 가능케 한다.

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국민건강보험공단 건강검진에 대한 만족도 연구 -부산시의 건강검진수검자를 대상- (A study on the satisfaction of Health Examination for National Health Insurance service -Target of medical examinee in Busan-)

  • 김원;김민호;심규범;신문주
    • 한국융합학회논문지
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    • 제4권2호
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    • pp.1-8
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    • 2013
  • 이 연구는 최근 들어 국민소득이 늘어나고 생활수준이 향상됨에 따라 국민들의 의료에 따른 기대와 욕구의 증가로 인한 건강검진의 확실한 서비스가 필요로 되었으며 국민 입장에서 본 건강보험 공단의 건강검진에 대한 만족도를 알아보기 위해서 시행하였다. 2013년 3월부터 6월까지 부산시의 건강검진 수검자를 대상으로 건강검진에 대한 만족도와 인식조사를 자기기입식 설문조사로 시행했으며, 총 300부중 221부를 SPSS를 사용하여 교차분석, T-test, Anova 분석을 시행하였다. 결과로는 일반적 특성에 따른 건강검진 이용유무, 1개월전 의료기관의 이용유무, 하루 담배 흡연량의 차이, 술을 마시는 횟수에서 통계적으로 유의하였다. 또한 검진기관 만족도는 $3.22{\pm}0.52$, 검진서비스에 대한 의견은 $3.31{\pm}0.55$(5점 척도), 건강검진 태도는 $3.73{\pm}0.54$로 나타났다.

식이 요인이 SCE 빈도수로 본 흡연노인 임파구 DNA손상에 미치는 영향 (Effects of Dietary Factors on Lymphocyte DNA Damage in Smoking Elderly People in Korea)

  • 강명희;이정희
    • 한국식품영양과학회지
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    • 제33권3호
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    • pp.523-532
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    • 2004
  • 영양소의 섭취를 포함한 여러 식이성요인에 따라 일부 지역 남자 노인의 인체 임파구 SCE 빈도수가 어떤 영향을 받는지를 조사해 보고자하여 60세 이상의 노인 45명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시한 후 채혈하여 임파구 SCE 시험을 실시하였다. 조사 대상자의 식이성 요인이 SCE 빈도수에 미치는 영향에 대해 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 채혈 대상자를 흡연여부에 따라 흡연군(n=14), 담배를 피우다가 현재는 끊은 금연군(n=16), 비흡연군(n=15)으로 나눈 후 SCE 빈도수를 비교한 결과 흡연군의 SCE빈도수가 비흡연군에 비해 유의적으로 높았으며 노인의 나이가 많을수록 DNA 손상정도가 증가하였다. 대상 노인의 인구학적 요인 중 신장, 혹은 체중이 전 대상자군에서 SCE 빈도수와 각각 역의 상관관계를 보였으며 흡연군에서는 신장과 SCE빈도수가 역의 상관관계, 그리고 pack years로 본 흡연력과 SCE 빈도수가 정의 상관관계 를 보였다. 2. 전 대상자군에서는 24시간 회상법으로부터 구한 영양소의 섭취와 SCE빈도수 간에 상관관계가 없었으나 흡연군의 경우는 식이섬유질 섭취량, 금연군의 경우는 비타민 C 섭취량과 SCE 빈도수가 각각 정의 상관관계를 보였다. 그러나 비 흡연군에서는 지방, 인 혹은 비타민 A 섭취량과 SCE빈도수 간에 역의 상관관계를 보였다. 3. 흡연군에서 육어류 섭취빈도와 SCE빈도수 간에 정의 상관관계를 보였고, 비 흡연군에서 식 사균형도가 SCE 빈도수와 역의 상관관계를 보였다. 세 군을 모두 합한 전대상자군의 경우, 혈당수준과 SCE 빈도수 사이에 정의 상관관계가 나타났다. 금연군에서 감미료를 섭취하는 군의 SCE 빈도수가 섭취하지 않는 군보다 유의적으로 높았다. 나머지 식이성 요인들은 SCE 빈도수와 상관성을 보이지 않았다. 본 연구 결과는 앞으로 DNA손상도가 높은 노인 대상으로 이의 회복을 위하여 식이성 요인을 이용한 영양중재실험을 계획할 때, 혹은 노인 대상의 영양교육 시에 중요한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

폐경 후 류마티스 관절염 여성의 골량감소 판별요인 (Determinants of Reduced Bone Mass in Postmenopausal Women with Rheumatoid Arthritis)

  • 이은남
    • 재활간호학회지
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    • 제2권2호
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    • pp.193-205
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    • 1999
  • This study was carried out to identify the important risk factors for reduced bone mass of postmenopausal RA patients and to develop discriminant function which can classify postmenopausal RA patients with either reduced or normal bone mass. Through the literature review, individual characteristics such as age, body weight, height, age of menarche, duration of menopause, gravity, parity, and breast feeding period and factors of life style such as milk consumption exercise habit, alcohol intake, cigarette smoking, coffee consumpt ion , disease activity, corticosteroid therapy were identified as influencing factors of reduced bone mass in RA patients Sixty eight postmenopausal women with rheumatoid arthritis aged between 42 and 76 were selected among those who checked bone mineral density in lumbar spine and femur from october, 1998 to Apr il, 1999 at Dong-a university hospital in Pusan. Assessment of disease activity, duration of disease and corticosteroid therapy were made by the same rheumatologist and included Ritchie articular index, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein on measuring bone mineral density. Cumulative steroid dosage was calculated from the daily dosage multiplied by t h e number of days received. The information of other risk factor including health assessment score, individual characteristics and life style factors were collected by questionnaire. Bone mineral density(BMD) was measured using DXA at lumbar spine and femoral Ward's triangle. Discriminant function(regression equation) was developed for estimating the likelihood of the presence or absence of reduced bone mass. The results are as follows: Among the subjects, thirteen(19.1%) exhibited osteoporosis in lumbar spine and twenty four(35.3%) exhibited osteoporosis in femoral Ward's triangle. For lumbar spine, the variables significant were age, body weight, health assessment score, while for femoral Ward's triangle, age, body weight, duration of disease. But disease activity and corticosteroid therapy were not signigicant to distinguish reduced bone mass from normal bone mass. When the discriminant function was evaluated by comparing the observed out come with predicted out come, the discriminant function correctly classified 85.4% of patients with reduce bone mass and 63.0% of patients with normal bone mass in the lumbar spine and 100% of patients with reduced bone mass and 9.1% of patients with normal bone mass in the femoral Ward's triangle. In summary, we found that osteoporosis in postmenopausal women with RA is more evident at the femur than the lumbar spine. Also the important discriminant factors of reduced bone mass postmenopausal women with RA were age, body weight , duration of disease and health disability. In nursing situation, the efforts to improve of functional capacity of postmenopausal women with rheumatoid arthritis should be considered to prevent osteoporosis and fractures. Also we recommend those postmenopausal women with RA who are classified as a group of the reduced bone mass in the discriminant function should examine the bone mineral density to further examine the usefulness of this discriminant function.

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한국인에서 혈청 페리틴 농도와 흡연 및 폐기능과의 관계 (The Relationship between Serum Ferritin Concentrations, Smoking and Lung Function in Korean)

  • 김서윤;이수환;이인선;김샛별;문찬수;정성모;김세규;김영삼
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • 제72권2호
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    • pp.163-168
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    • 2012
  • Background: Cigarette smoke induced release of iron could alter iron metabolism in the lungs of chronic smokers and contribute to the increase in the total oxidative burden on the lungs of smokers. In previous studies, ferritin levels of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in smokers were elevated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between serum ferritin concentration, smoking and lung function in Korean people. Methods: This study was based on the data acquired in the second year (2008) of the Forth National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey that was conducted from 2007 to 2009. The analysis included 2,244 subjects who were older than 20 years and had complete data from both lung function test and serum ferritin concentration. Among participants, 1,076 were male and 1,168 were female. Results: Mean serum ferritin concentrations in males were $120.3{\pm}80.1{\mu}g/L$ and $47.9{\pm}39.8{\mu}g/L$ in females. There were no differences in serum ferritin concentrations between non-smokers and smokers after adjusting for age, body mass index, and amounts of alcohol. Serum ferritin concentrations were associated with smoking amounts by simple linear regression but not associated with smoking amounts after adjustment with age, body mass index, and amounts of alcohol in both males and females. Lung function was not associated with serum ferritin concentrations. Conclusion: Our data suggested that serum ferritin concentrations are not related with smoking and lung function.

Influence of Environmental Exposures on Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Korea

  • Hong, Yoonki;Lim, Myoung Nam;Kim, Woo Jin;Rhee, Chin Kook;Yoo, Kwang Ha;Lee, Ji-Hyun;Yoon, Ho Il;Kim, Tae-Hyung;Lee, Jin Hwa;Lim, Seong Yong;Lee, Sang Do;Oh, Yeon-Mok
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • 제76권5호
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    • pp.226-232
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    • 2014
  • Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by airflow limitation and results from environmental factors and genetic factors. Although cigarette smoking is a major risk factor, other environmental exposures can influence COPD. The purpose of this study is to investigate the clinical characteristics of COPD according to the history of environmental exposure. Methods: The study population comprised of 347 subjects with COPD who were recruited from the pulmonary clinics of 14 hospitals within the Korean Obstructive Lung Disease Study Group. We classified environmental exposures according to history of living near factory, and direct exposure history to firewood or briquette. According to living environmental exposures, we compared the frequency of respiratory symptoms, pulmonary function, quality of life, exercise capacity, and computed tomography phenotypes. Results: Thirty-one subjects (8.9%) had history of living near factory, 271 (78.3%) had exposure history to briquette, and 184 (53.3%) had exposure history to firewood. Patients with history of living near a factory had a significantly longer duration of sputum, while patients with exposure to firewood tended to have lower forced expiratory volume in one second, and patients with exposure to briquette tended to have lower six minute walk distance. Conclusion: COPD subjects with the history of living near factory had more frequent respiratory symptoms such as sputum. Our data suggest that environmental exposure may influence clinical phenotype of COPD.