• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.157-166
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• 1997

Studies were carried out to investigate formation of Mook and its physical properties as well as the effects of amylose and amylopectin on the texture of Mook which were made from cowpea, mung bean, acorn, buckwheat, kidney bean, potato, rice, corn and wheat starches. Texture parameters of 10% starch gels were significantly different depending on the kind of starches. However, there were no significant differences in those of gels of starches commonly used for the preparation of mook. It was appeared that gel indices of cowpea, mung bean, acorn and buckwheat starch gels were in the range of 2.11-2.37, elastic limits were more than 0.60, gel strength coefficients were in the range of 700-1400 and brittlnesses were 0.23-0.62. It was also appeared that gel index and elastic limit were affected by amylopectin and gel strength coefficient and brittleness, by amylose, and that these two fractions were not able to form gel like Mook unless they were combined with proper proportion. Effect of addition of amylose from cereal and potato starches to cowpea starch or cowpea amylopectin were different from that of cowpea amylose. When cereal starches were supplemented by cowpea starches, gel strength coefficients and brittlenesses of their gels were increased, but gel indices and elastic limits were not changed. However, potato starch gel was improved to be similar to Mook with increasing of gel strength coefficient and appearance of brittleness by addition of cowpea amylose.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.7324-7330
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• 2014

Color distortion of the dark images acquired under a low-light-level environment with a weak light source can be cause of the performance decreation of various vision systems. Therefore, recovering the original color of the images is an important process for enhancing the performance of the system. For this, this study proposes a color restoration method using a dichromatic reflection model. This paper assumes that the dark images can be classified into two parts affected by specular or diffuse reflection. Two different color constancy methods were then applied to the images to remove the effects of each reflection and two images were created as a result. The resulting images produced a one color-corrected image by combining with different weights according to the position in the images. For the performance evaluation, this paper used a synthesized image, and considered the Euclidean distance and angular error as an evaluation factor. In addition, a performance comparison was performed with the existing various color constancy method to achieve the objectivity of evaluation. The experimental results showed that the proposed method can be a more suitable solution for color restoration than the existing method.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.69-79
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• 1989

Steroid hormone profiles during luteal phase of clomiphene citrate(CC)/human menopausal gonadotropin(hMG)/human chorionic gonadotropin(hCG)-stimulated in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles and of follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH)/hMG/hCG-stimulated IVF cycles were compared. In seventy three cycles stimulated with CC/hMG/hCG regimen, follicles were aspirated during exploratory laparotomy and yielded 7 pregnancies, and in 83 cycles stimulated with FSH/hMG/hCG regimen, follicles were aspirated by laparoscope and made 13 pregnancies. Serum estradiol($E_2$) and progesterone($P_4$) levels were determined on days 2, 5, 7, and 9 after follicle aspiration. The FSH/hMG/hCG regimen was more effective than the CC/hMG/hCG regimen in folliculogenesis, ie, ovarian stimulation, follicular phase $E_2$ peak levels, oocyte maturation, and the number of retrieved oocytes. There was no significant difference between luteal serum $P_4/E_2$ ratio of the two regimens, suggesting that secretory endometrial build-up ability for implantation may not differ each other. Several significant correlations were observed between follicular phase seum $E_2$ peak levels and luteal phase serum $E_2$ and $P_4$ levels in the FSH/hMG/hCG-stimulated cycles but any correlation was not significant in the CC/hMG/hCG-stimulated cycles, suggesting that somewhat more follicles may eventually fall in atresia even after attaining dominant stage in the CC/hMG/hCG-stimulated cycles than the FSH/hMG/hCG-stimulated cycles.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.17-21
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• 2011

Korean bennudagrass collections showed diverse genetic variations in their morphology, growth habit, and cytological aspects. Chromosome number and nuclear DNA content of the bennudagrasses indicated a ploidy level ranging from triploid (2n=3x) to hexaploid (2n=6x). In this study, we investigated the different responses of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase) and cell membrane stability of those bennudagrass cytotypes to lower temperature and shorter day length, which meets a dormant induction in Korea. All the antioxidant enzymes were found to be higher during dormant stage, while the heme-containing catalase which converts hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) to water and oxygen molecules was activated before dormant initiation in the three cytotypes except for hexaploid bennudagrass. The triploid and tetraploid which exhibited relatively finer leaves and a rapid establishment speed were found to show increased activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase enzyme. The malondialdehyde(MDA) which is a product of lipid peroxidation in the cell membrane damaged by the hydroxyl radical was increased in all cytotypes as temperature declined, and tri- and tetraploids which had more protective antioxidant enzymes demonstrated a significantly lower MDA production. Similarly electrolyte leakage was higher in penta- and hexaploidy, seemingly more damage to cell membrane when low temperature was implemented. Results indicated that antioxidant responses of different cytotypes were genetically specific, which needs to be investigated the relevance with the low temperature tolerance in the bermudagrass further at the molecular level.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.1425-1429
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• 2005

Megaspahera elsdenii YJ-4, which was previously isolated as a producer of trans-10, cis-12 CLA, was studied for its carbon source on the CLA production. M. elsdenii YJ-4, was incubated with glucose and lactose, and cultured in batch and continuous culture systems with linoleic acid at various pHs to investigate CLA production. Batch cultures of the ruminal bacterium, M. elsdenii YJ-4, were resistant to stearic acid and linoleic acid, and little growth inhibition was observed even when the fatty acid concentration in the culture was as much as 4 mg $ml^{-1}$. Stationary phase batch cultures (0.25 mg bacterial protein $ml^{-1}$) that had been grown on lactate and incubated with linoleic acid (0.20 mg $ml^{-1}$) produced approximately 12 ${\mu}g$ trans-10, cis-12 CLA mg $protein^{-1}$ and little cis-9, trans-11 CLA was detected. Some linoleic acid was converted to hydrogenated products (chiefly stearic acid), but these fatty acids were less than 5 ${\mu}g$ mg bacterial $protein^{-1}$. Stationary phase batch cultures that had been grown on glucose produced at least 3-fold less trans-10, cis-12 CLA than ones grown on lactate. Cells from lactate-limited continuous cultures produced less trans-10, cis-12 CLA than those from batch culture, but only if the pH was greater than 6.4. When the pH of the lactate-limited continuous cultures was lower than 6.4, trans-10, cis-12 CLA and hydrogenated products declined. Cells from glucose-limited continuous cultures produced less trans-10, cis-12 CLA and hydrogenated products than the cells that had been limited by lactate, but pH had little impact on this production. These results support the idea that M. elsdenii YJ-4 could be one of the major producers of trans-10, cis-12 CLA which causes cows to produce milk with a low fat content.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.293-297
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• 1999

The pts operon, which encodes several factors in the phosphoenolpyruvate:carbohydrate phosphotransferase system (PTS) of Escherichia coli, has multiple promoters which respond to different signals to facilitate quick adaptation to changes in growth conditions. The influence of an 1 kbp DNA region upstream of the pts P0 promoter on pts expression was studied in vitro by employing the DNA templates containing both P0 and P1 promoter with or without the 1 kbp upstream DNA region for in vitro transcription assay. The 1 kbp DNA region upstream of the pts P0 promoter, however, had no effect on pts transcription in vitro. The intracellular concentration of cAMP was measured when cells were grown in the presence of glucose, mannose, or mannitol. The transcription of P0 was increased maximally in the presence of glucose even though the concentration of cAMP in the condition was lowest while the transcription from the P1b was highest when cells were grown in the presence of mannose or mannitol even though the intracellular concentration of cAMP was lower than cells grown in the absence of the sugar. These results suggest the possibility of the existence of a glucose inducible repressor specific for the P0 promoter and a second repressor that is inducible by glucose, mannose and mannitol specific for the P1 promoter.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.108-113
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• 2008

Azoxystrobin applied by aqueous WP suspension 50 mg/l was slightly absorbed into cucumber leaf in the absence of activator surfactant 24 h after spraying, but was increased to 25.7% by adding polyoxyethylene monohexadecyl ether (12 moles of ethylene oxide, CE-12) 500 mg/l. Only 4.1% of kresoxim-methyl WDG 100 mg/l in the absence of surfactant was absorbed into cucumber leaf 24 h after spraying, but was increased to 58.0% by adding polyoxyethylene monooctadecyl ether (14 moles of ethylene oxide, SE-14) 1,000 mg/l. The effect of CE-12 500 mg/l on foliar uptake of kresoxim-methyl at 50 mg/l was twice bigger than on azoxystrobin. Fungicidal activity of azoxystrobin WP against cucumber powdery mildew was marginally increased by adding surfactants to facilitate foliar uptake of azoxystrobin, so that the further increase of azoxystrobin uptake into cucumber plant by the addition of adjuvant was not a practical mean for enhancing the formulation efficacy in view of fungicidal activity. It was not possible for kresoxim-methyl to assess the adjuvant effect on the fungicidal activity in a greenhouse trial due to the vapor effect of active ingredient.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of farming methods on mass balance from paddy rice. The experiment fields were established at Chunpo-myeon, Iksan-si in the Saemangeum watershed. Experiment was performed during the growing season to assess water and mass balances of the study field in 2013. The three different farming practices were applied: conventional (TR-A), drainage outlet heighten (TR-B) and slow release fertilizer use (TR-C). Drainage amount from TR-B was reduced by 28.5 % compared to the TR-A, while the amount from TR-C was similar to that of TR-A. Overall, nutrient concentration of paddy water were similar among the treatments except for T-P. Mean T-P concentration from TR-C was lower than that from TR-A (p-value<0.05). As the results of mass balance, TR-B appeared to reduce nutrient surface loss, substantially by 30.9 % and 40.8 % for T-N and T-P an compared to TR-A. TR-C treatment also demonstrated nutrient load reduction by 38.2 % and 40.1 % for T-N and T-P. The study results showed that water and fertilizer treatments are effective in surface load reduction respectively from paddy fields, and, long-term monitoring and evaluation is needed to confirm the reduction.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.645-651
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• 2018

The carcinogenicity of chemicals in the environment is a major concern. Recently, numerous studies have attempted to develop methods for predicting carcinogenicity, including rodent and cell-based approaches. However, rodent carcinogenicity tests for evaluating the carcinogenic potential of a chemical to humans are time-consuming and costly. This study focused on the development of an alternative method for predicting carcinogenicity using quantitative PCR (qPCR) and colon cancer stem cells. A toxicogenomic method, mRNA profiling, is useful for predicting carcinogenicity. Using microarray analysis, we optimized 16 predictive gene sets from five carcinogens (azoxymethane, 3,2'-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl, N-ethyl-n-nitrosourea, metronidazole, 4-(n-methyl-n-nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone) used to treat colon cancer stem cell samples. The 16 genes were evaluated by qPCR using 23 positive and negative carcinogens in colon cancer stem cells. Among them, six genes could differentiate between positive and negative carcinogens with a p-value of ${\leq}0.05$. Our qPCR-based prediction system for colon carcinogenesis using colon cancer stem cells is cost- and time-efficient. Thus, this qPCR-based prediction system is an alternative to in vivo carcinogenicity screening assays.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.35 no.11
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• pp.827-834
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• 2013

The water footprint of product and service is the total volume of freshwater consumed, directly and indirectly, in the life cycle of a product and service. Up to date, water consumption data for industries and products were not well quantified and developed. Especially it is important to construct for agriculture industry which consumes lots of water. In this study, by using Cropwat 8.0 model, we tried to evaluate regionalized water consumption related with rice production in agriculture industry in eight regions (Gangwon, Gyeongi, Gyeongbuk, Gyeongnam, Jeonnam, Jeonbuk, Chungnam, Chungbuk). As a result, Gyeongbuk region has the lowest water consumption in rice production, which is $1,356.68m^3/ton$, on the other hand, Jeonnam region has the highest water consumption ($1,669.54m^3/ton$). By using the average indirect water consumption ($1,487.87m^3/ton$) of eight regions and direct water consumption, the total water footprint for the rice amount of rice bowl size (130 g), which is 193.6 L was calculated. Based on this research approach, we should develop water footprint database of all agriculture products and expand to other industrial sectors.