• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.40-53
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• 2017

Objectives: This study aims to analyze the current status of hospitalized patients and effects of Korean medical treatment after gynecological surgery. Methods: We analyzed the medical records of patients admitted to our hospital from January 2015 to May 2017 and categorized the pre-operative and post-operative contents. We performed statistical analysis using SPSS ver.20 for the patients' pains among symptoms. Results: Among total 87, patients 82.8% had hysterectomy. The most cause of the surgery were adenomyosis. The average duration of hospitalization was $10.4{\pm}5.7days$ and all patients were treated with acupuncture. Gami-sibjeon-tang was used most frequently. Among the symptoms that occurred after the operation, abdominal pain, low back pain, pelvic pain were in the order of pain and statistically significant decrease in the mean NRS score. In the symptoms of system, general weakness, insomnia, digestive disorder were in the order of the frequency and were improved respectively. Conclusion: We were able to find out the effectiveness of post-operative Korean medical treatment through hospitalized patients. More data collection and systematic research designs are needed.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.105-125
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• 2014

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate reliability and validity of a 27-item Korean Version of the Impact of Weight on Quality of Life in adolescents ($IWQOL-Kids^{(C)}$: Korean Version). Methods: This instrument was administered to 872 adolescents (mean z-BMI: 2.61, mean $age{\pm}SD$: $13.9{\pm}1.2$, male: 51.9%). Reliability was tested by internal consistency method and item analysis, validity test was performed by index of content validity, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and concurrent validity. Sensitivity was tested by ANOVA and t-test. Analyses were performed using SPSS and Amos 18.0. Results: By an exploratory factor analysis, 4 factors were extracted; 'Body esteem' consisted of 9 items with 35.9% of variance (social life: 6 items, 10.23%, physical comfort: 6 items, 8.21%, family relations: 6 items, 7.0%). Four factors explained 61.34% of total variance. Internal consistency coefficients ranged from .766 to .929 for scales on 27 items and equal to .920 for total score for both the 26-item and 27-item tools. A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted for the convergent validity and discriminant validity. The standardized factor loadings to test the convergent validity showed more than .5(C.R<1.965) on all paths after deletion of item PC1 (avoid stairs). The average variances extracted were more than .50 and the construct reliabilities were more than .70. The average variances extracted were stronger than the squares of correlation coefficient of inter-latent variables. Conclusions: These results support that the $IWQOL-Kids^{(C)}$: Korean Version with a 26-item is a reliable and valid tool in Korean obese adolescents.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.706-716
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• 2021

Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), the most common functional gastrointestinal disorder, is characterized by chronic abdominal pain and bowel habit changes. Although diverse complicated etiologies are involved in its pathogenesis, a dysregulated gut-brain axis may be an important factor. Red ginseng (RG), a traditional herbal medicine, is proven to have anti-inflammatory effects and improve brain function; however, these effects have not been investigated in IBS. Methods: Three-day intracolonic zymosan injections were used to induce post-infectious human IBS-like symptoms in mice. The animals were randomized to receive either phosphate-buffered saline (CG) or RG (30/100/300 mg/kg) for 10 days. Amitriptyline and sulfasalazine were used as positive controls. Macroscopic scoring was performed on day 4. Visceral pain and anxiety-like behaviors were assessed by colorectal distension and elevated plus maze and open field tests, respectively, on day 10. Next-generation sequencing of gut microbiota was performed, and biomarkers involved in gut-brain axis responses were analyzed. Results: Compared to CG, RG significantly decreased the macroscopic score, frequency of visceral pain, and anxiety-like behavior in the IBS mice. These effects were comparable to those after sulfasalazine and amitriptyline treatments. Moreover, RG significantly increased the proliferation of beneficial microbes, including Lactobacillus johnsonii, Lactobacillus reuteri, and Parabacteroides goldsteinii. RG significantly suppressed expression of IL-1β and c-fos in the gut and prefrontal cortex, respectively. Further, it restored the plasma levels of corticosterone to within the normal range, accompanied by an increase in adrenocorticotropic hormone. Conclusion: RG may be a potential therapeutic option for the management of human IBS.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.48-57
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• 2021

Background: In this study, the complexities of step-and-shoot intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) plans in magnetic resonance-guided radiation therapy systems were evaluated. Materials and Methods: Overall, 194 verification plans from the abdomen, prostate, and breast sites were collected using a ⁶⁰Co-based ViewRay radiotherapy system (ViewRay Inc., Cleveland, OH, USA). Various plan complexity metrics (PCMs) were calculated for each verification plan, including the modulation complexity score (MCS), plan-averaged beam area (PA), plan-averaged beam irregularity, plan-averaged edge (PE), plan-averaged beam modulation, number of segments, average area among all segments (AA/Seg), and total beam-on time (TBT). The plan deliverability was quantified in terms of gamma passing rates (GPRs) with a 1 mm/2% criterion, and the Pearson correlation coefficients between GPRs and various PCMs were analyzed. Results and Discussion: For the abdomen, prostate, and breast groups, the average GPRs with the 1 mm/2% criterion were 77.8 ± 6.0%, 79.8 ± 4.9%, and 84.7 ± 7.3%; PCMs were 0.263, 0.271, and 0.386; PAs were 15.001, 18.779, and 35.683; PEs were 1.575, 1.444, and 1.028; AA/Segs were 15.37, 19.89, and 36.64; and TBTs were 18.86, 19.33, and 5.91 minutes, respectively. The various PCMs, i.e., MCS, PA, PE, AA/Seg, and TBT, showed statistically significant Pearson correlation coefficients of 0.416, 0.627, -0.541, 0.635, and -0.397, respectively, with GPRs. Conclusion: The area-related metrics exhibited strong correlations with GPRs. Moreover, the AA/Seg metric can be used to estimate the IMRT plan accuracy without beam delivery in the ⁶⁰Co-based ViewRay radiotherapy system.

• Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.528-535
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• 2018

Background/Aims To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Aloe vera (AV) in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Methods We searched the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases for studies dated between 1st January 1960 and 30th December 2017. Eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) compared AV to placebo in patients with IBS. The primary outcome was standardized mean difference of the change in severity of IBS symptoms as measured by patient-rated scales. Secondary outcomes included response rate of IBS symptoms and adverse events. Heterogeneity among studies was assessed using Cochrane's Q and $I^2$ statistics. Results Three RCTs with a total of 151 patients with IBS were included. The meta-analysis showed a significant difference for patients with AV compared to those with placebo regarding improvement in IBS symptom score (standardized mean difference, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.07-0.75; P = 0.020). Using intention-to-treat analysis, the AV patients showed significantly better response rates of IBS symptoms compared to placebo (pooled risk ratio, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.05-2.73; P = 0.030). No adverse events related with AV were found in included studies. There was no significant heterogeneity of effects across studies (P = 0.900; $I^2=0%$). Conclusion AV is effective and safe for the treatment of patients with IBS compared to placebo.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.118-126
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• 2021

Background: This study is an analysis of evaluator factors affecting physician-patient interaction (PPI) scores in clinical performance examination (CPX). The purpose of this study was to investigate possible ways to increase the reliability of the CPX evaluation. Methods: The six-item Yeungnam University Scale (YUS), four-item analytic global rating scale (AGRS), and one-item holistic rating scale (HRS) were used to evaluate student performance in PPI. A total of 72 fourth-year students from Yeungnam University College of Medicine in Korea participated in the evaluation with 32 faculty and 16 standardized patient (SP) raters. The study then examined the differences in scores between types of scale, raters (SP vs. faculty), faculty specialty, evaluation experience, and level of fatigue as time passes. Results: There were significant differences between faculty and SP scores in all three scales and a significant correlation among raters' scores. Scores given by raters on items related to their specialty were lower than those given by raters on items out of their specialty. On the YUS and AGRS, there were significant differences based on the faculty's evaluation experience; scores by raters who had three to ten previous evaluation experiences were lower than others' scores. There were also significant differences among SP raters on all scales. The correlation between the YUS and AGRS/HRS declined significantly according to the length of evaluation time. Conclusion: In CPX, PPI score reliability was found to be significantly affected by the evaluator factors as well as the type of scale.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.432-438
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to predict Trophic Diatom Index (TDI) in tributaries of the Han River watershed using the random forest algorithm. The one year (2017) and supplied aquatic ecology health data were used. The data includes water quality(BOD, T-N, $NH_3-N$, T-P, $PO_4-P$, water temperature, DO, pH, conductivity, turbidity), hydraulic factors(water width, average water depth, average velocity of water), and TDI score. Seven factors including water temperature, BOD, T-N, $NH_3-N$, T-P, $PO_4-P$, and average water depth are selected by the Correlation Feature Selection. A TDI prediction model was generated by random forest using the seven factors. To evaluate this model, 2017 data set was used first. As a result of the evaluation, $R^2$, % Difference, NSE(Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency), RMSE(Root Mean Square Error) and accuracy rate show that this model is compatible with predicting TDI. To be more concrete, $R^2$ is 0.93, % Difference is -0.37, NSE is 0.89, RMSE is 8.22 and accuracy rate is 70.4%. Also, additional evaluation using data set more than 17 times the measured point was performed. The results were similar when the 2017 data set were used. The Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test shows there was no statistically significant difference between actual and predicted data for the 2017 data set. These results can specify the elements which probably affect aquatic ecology health. Also, these will provide direction relative to water quality management for a watershed that must be continuously preserved.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.56-65
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• 2021

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of molasses and Lactobacillus plantarum on the ensiling quality and in vitro rumen fermentation of sudangrass silage prepared with or without wilting. Methods: The ensiling experiment, measured with 3 replicates, was carried out according to a 2×4 (wilted stages×additives) factorial treatment structure. Dry matter of the fresh (210 g/kg fresh matter) or wilted (305 g/kg fresh matter) sudangrass were ensiled (packed into 5.0-L plastic jars) without additive (control) or with molasses (M), Lactobacillus plantarum (LP), or molasses + Lactobacillus plantarum (M+LP). After 60 days of ensiling, the silages were analyzed for the chemical, fermentation, and in vitro characteristics. Results: After 60 days of ensiling, the fermentation parameters were affected by wilted, the additives and the interactions of wilted with the additives (p<0.05). The M+LP treatment at wilted had higher lactic acid levels and V-score (p<0.05) but lower pH values and butyric acid concentrations than the other treatments. In comparison with sudangrass before ensiling, after ensiling had lower dry matter and higher non-fibrous carbohydrate. The in vitro gas production, in vitro dry matter digestibility, in vitro crude protein digestibility, and in vitro acid fiber detergent digestibility changed under the effects of the additives. Significant interactions were observed between wilted and the additives in terms of in vitro gas production at 48 h, asymptotic gas production, gas production rate, half time, and the average gas production rate. The total volatile fatty acid levels in the additive treatments were higher than those in the control. Conclusion: Wilting and supplementation with molasses and Lactobacillus plantarum had the ability to improve the ensiling quality and in vitro nutrient digestibility of sudangrass silage. The M+LP treatment at wilted exhibited the strongest positive effects on silage quality and in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.529-537
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• 2020

Scratch is Educational Programming Language, and it has been widely used in Elementary school SW Education. Many studies show that Scratch education is helpful for students' computational thinking and problem solving. However, the lower grade students use scratch less than the higher grade students, and the higher grade students have difficulty in understanding basic programming principles such as sequence, repetition, and condition. Therefore, in this study, we developed Scratch electronic blocks and programming education curriculum. We had classes for 2nd grade and 6th grade students, and it was confirmed that the score of 2nd grade students' interest about programming increased from 3.28 to 3.58 and 6th grade students' interest increased from 3.41 to 4.09. As a result of the programming basic principles understanding assessment, 84% of the 2nd grade students solved more than 7 of the 9 questions and 62% of the 6th grade students solved more than 7 of the 9 questions.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.109-132
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• 2021

Objective: This study examined the relationships among attention deficits/hyper activities problems(ADHD problems), executive function difficulties, and social capital inside the family, especially with the mediating effect of social capital inside the family, in children from dual-income households. Methods: The participants were 401 children from dual-income households from the eighth wave of the Panel Study on Korean Children. They belonged into lower and higher ADHD problems groups that showed below 25% or more than 75% of ADHD screening items' total score. The data were analyzed by t-test, correlation analysis and mediating effect test by PROCESS macro 3.5.3.. Results: Children's executive function difficulties and social capital inside the family were significantly different between the two lower and higher ADHD problems groups. A mediating effect was found based on the negative relationships between the social capital inside the family including mother's warm childrearing behavior and positive coparenting, and children's executive function difficulties. Children's ADHD problems had a negative influence on each of the two social capital variables and each of the two variables had a negative influence on the executive function difficulties. Conclusion/Implications: These results emphasize the meaningful role of social capital inside the family in the development of first graders with ADHD problems from dual-income households.