• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.77-83
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• 2009

Objectives : We investigated the effects of Mahuang-Chuanwu Pharmacopuncture Treatment in Obese Patients by analysing Body mass index(BMI), waist measurement and weight. Methods : We investigated on 52 volunteers consisted of 24 subjects in experiment(Mahuang-Chuanwu Pharmacopuncture) group and 28 subjects in control(Normal Saline) group. The Study form was a single-blind and placebo-controlled clinical trial. 24 subjects in experiment group were injected Mahuang-Chuanwu Pharmacopuncture with additional common treatment and 28 subjects in control group were injected Normal Saline with additional common treatment with Dietic Theraphy and Exercise. We measured BMI, waist measurement and weight on 3 times : before 1st session, after first 5 sessions, and after 10 sessions. The SPSS 13.0 for Windows was used to analyze the data and the wilcoxon signed ranks test (in group), mann Whitney u t-test(between two groups) and ${\chi}^2$-test(description of number) were used to verify the result. Results : In experiment group. BMI, waist measurement and weight were significantly low at the period of after first 5 sessions and after 10 sessions. In control group, BMI, waist measurement and weight were significantly low at the period of after 10 sessions but weren't significantly low at the period of after first 5 sessions. The changes of BMI, waist measurement and weight in experiment group were significantly more than that in control group. Conclusions : The Results suggest that Mahuang(Ephedra sinica Stapf)-Chuanwu(Aconitum carmichaeli Debx) Pharmacopuncture is effective on the treatment of obesity, compared to Normal Saline.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.9 no.3 s.21
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• pp.89-95
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• 2006

Objectives : This study is to research if any acupucture points are more effective, when Mahuang-chuanwu herbal acupucture is applied to the theatment of obesity. Methods : We searched oriental medical literatures and papers. Results : 1. Mahuang-chuanwu Herbal Acupuncture consists of distilled water of Ma-hunag and Chuan-wu, and it has the following effects : channel-warming, cold-dispering and eliminating damp. therefore it is applied to the treatment of obesity. 2. The acupuncture points, which have effects of channel-warming, cold-dispering and eliminating damp, are six : Kwanwon(Cv4), Kihae(CV6), Changmun(Liv13), Chok-samni(St36), Chung-wan(Cv12), Chonchu(St25). And Kwanwon(Cv4), Kihae(CV6), Changmun(Liv13), Chung-wan(Cv12), Chonchu(St25) locate on the abdomen. 3. Morbidly obese people, especially those in which their bellies are very large, are so because often the binding properties of the Taemaek(G26) have weakend. therefore Taemaek(G26) will be more effecive than Changmun(Liv13) that locate on right below the free end of the 11th rib, at the lateral side of the chest. 4. Mahuang-chuanwu Herbal Acupuncture will be most effective on the treatment of obesity with cold and damp as additional treatment, when it is injected into Kwanwon(Cv4), Kihae(CV6), Chonchu(St25), Taemaek(G26).

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.168-178
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• 2014

Objectives : Mahuang-Chuanwu(Mahwang-Cheonoh) Pharmacopuncture(MCP) has been used to treat obesity in Clinical Korean Medicine. MCP solution(MCPS) is also expected to have strong anti-obesity activities. However, little is known about the mechanisms of its inhibitory effects on adipocyte differentiation and lipogenesis. Methods : In the present study, we examined the effects of MCPS on differentiation and lipogenesis of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. To elucidate the mechanism of the effects of MCPS on lowering lipid content in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, we examined whether MCPS modulates the expressions of transcription factors to induce lipogenesis and adipogenic genes related to regulate the accumulation of lipids. Results : Our results showed that MCPS significantly inhibited differentiation and lipogenesis of 3T3-L1 adipocytes in a dose-dependent manner. MCPS suppressed the mRNA expressions of cytidine-cytidine-adenosine-adenosine-thymidine(CCAAT)/enhancer binding proteins ${\alpha}$($C/EBP{\alpha}$), C/EBP ${\beta}$, $C/EBP{\delta}$, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\gamma}$($PPAR{\gamma}$) genes related to the induction of adipose differentiation. MCPS inhibited the mRNA expressions of adipose-specific aP2, adipsin, lipoprotein lipase(LPL), CD36, TGF-${\beta}$, and leptin genes related to the fat formation. MCPS downregulated the mRNA expressions of liver X receptor(LXR) ${\alpha}$ and fatty acid synthase(FAS) genes related to the induction of lipogenesis. In addition, MCPS reduced the production of adipocyte-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines. Conclusions : MCPS could regulate the accumulation of lipids and expression of adipogenic genes via inhibition of transcript factors related to induction of adipose differentiation.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.869-877
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• 2020

The power consumption in the low consistency (LC) refining is an important indicator for the optimal control of the process and it is composed of the net power and the no-load power. The refining efficiency and process characterization of LC refining are directly affected by power consumption. In this paper, the effect of pulp consistency and average fiber length on the power consumption and refining efficiency were studied through the LC refining trials conducted by an experimental disc refiner. It is found that the curve of power-gap clearance can be divided into constant power section, power reduction section, and power increase section. And the no-load power and the adjustable domain of loading applied by the refining plates will increase as the increase of pulp consistency, while the increase of net power is larger than that of no-load power which makes the increasing of refining efficiency. Meanwhile, the adjustable domain of loading applied by the refining plates can be slightly improved by increasing the average fiber length, but its effect on the no-load power in the LC refining process can be neglected. The study of power consumption in LC refining is of positive significance for the proper selection of pulp properties in LC refining, in-depth exploration of refining mechanism, and energy consumption reduction in refining.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.581-590
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• 2020

Pulp refining is the major way to alter the properties of fibers and formed paper. Different combinations of the bar profile of the rotor and stator during low consistency refining processes directly affect the properties of the paper. In this study, a mixture of softwood and hardwood pulp was refined by varying the bar angle of the stator while that of the rotor is fixed at 0º. The pulp samples were collected at different refining times. Then, the pulp and paper properties, such as beating degree, fiber external fibrillation, and tensile and tear indexes were measured to explore the effects of the combined refining plates at different bar angles on paper properties. The results of the experiment show that the combined refining plate of 0º and 5º recorded the most significant improvement in the pulp beating degree and fiber external fibrillation. This consequently increased the fiber bonding area, which in turn, improved both the tensile and the tear indexes of the paper. Also, the influence of the combined refining plates with a larger bar angle on the paper properties was weaker compared to that of smaller angles. This study not only provides ideas for the bar profile design but also improves the optimal selection of refining plates.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.87-93
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• 2009

Objectives : Aconiti Lateralis Preparata Radix (附子) and Aconiti Tuber (川烏) are not commonly prescribed, but are necessary for some clinical conditions, despite of the fact that some negative effects have been known to occur with these medicines. This study shows the consequences for aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) due to herbal medicines, including Aconiti Lateralis Preparata Radix (附子) and Aconiti Tuber (川烏). Methods : From 1st June 2007 to 10th May 2009, the results were analyzed for 64 patients belonging to the OO Oriental Medical Hospital who took herbal medicine, including Aconiti Lateralis Preparata Radix (附子) and Aconiti Tuber (川烏), more than 20 days. This is the study about the comparison and the investigation of AST, ALT. And the results were taken upon their hospitalization and to their departure. The Criteria of Diagnosis in Liver Injury of CIOMS was used as a standard for their examinations. Results : AST, ALT (total 64). The number of patients who were within normal reference value : 49. The number of patients who exceed the normal reference value after dosage, without satisfying the Criteria of Diagnosis in Liver Injury : 5. The number of patients who were recovered in normal reference value after dosage : 9. The number of patients who satisfying the Criteria of Diagnosis in Liver Injury after dosage : 1. Conclusions : This results suggest that these herbal medicines, including Aconiti Lateralis Preparata Radix (附子) and Aconiti Tuber (川烏), didn't cause adverse side-effects on AST, ALT of the patients who are taking them.