• Yonsei Medical Journal
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• v.59 no.9
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• pp.1015-1025
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• 2018

Kidney diseases including acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease are among the largest health issues worldwide. Dialysis and kidney transplantation can replace a significant portion of renal function, however these treatments still have limitations. To overcome these shortcomings, a variety of innovative efforts have been introduced, including cell-based therapies. During the past decades, advances have been made in the stem cell and developmental biology, and tissue engineering. As part of such efforts, studies on renal cell therapy and artificial kidney developments have been conducted, and multiple therapeutic interventions have shown promise in the pre-clinical and clinical settings. More recently, therapeutic cell-secreting secretomes have emerged as a potential alternative to cell-based approaches. This approach involves the use of renotropic factors, such as growth factors and cytokines, that are produced by cells and these factors have shown effectiveness in facilitating kidney function recovery. This review focuses on the renotropic functions of bioactive compounds that provide protective and regenerative effects for kidney tissue repair, based on the available data in the literature.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.11-24
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the experience of patients on the waiting list for kidney retransplantation. Methods: The data were collected by individual in-depth interviews of nine patients who were dialyzed after primary kidney graft dysfunction and were waiting for deceased donor kidney retransplantation. All interviews were audio-taped and transcribed, and were analyzed using a phenomenological method. Results: The findings included 5 theme clusters and 13 sub-themes. The 5 clusters were 'Diagnosed with chronic renal failure and dialysis: Broken daily life and crisis', 'Kidney transplantation: The only way to escape from dialysis', 'Kidney graft failure: Inevitable moving backward to hemodialysis', 'Self-management of re-dialysis patients: Growth through pain', and 'The waiting for kidney retransplantation: To try again in the hope of getting a new life'. Conclusion: This study provides a deep understanding of patients with dialysis who are waiting for deceased donor kidney retransplantation. On the basis of the findings of this study, health professionals can provide customized information and develop effective nursing interventions to improve the self-management of these patients.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.405-410
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• 1999

A 7 month old male shepherd was presented with anorexia, diarrhea, and salivation, and euthanized due to no clinical improvement. Grossly, ulcers were seen on ventral surface of tongue and stomach. The mineralization was obvious in the intercostal space, lung and inner surface of aorta. Kidney was pale, firm and irregular. Histopathology confirmed uremic pneumonitis, end stage kidney and hyperplasia of parathyroid. This case was the typical uremic condition of juvenile dog, which was characterized the diffuse soft tissue mineralization due to hyperparathyroidism secondary to chronic renal failure.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.392-399
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• 2020

Background: Surgical treatment of empyema thoracis in patients with chronic kidney disease is challenging, and few studies in the literature have evaluated this issue. In this study, we aim to report the surgical outcomes of empyema and to analyze factors predicting perioperative mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease. Methods: This retrospective study included data from 34 patients with chronic kidney disease (estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 ㎡ for 3 or more months) who underwent surgery for empyema between 2012 and 2020. An analysis of demographic characteristics and perioperative variables, including complications, was carried out. Postoperative mortality was the primary outcome measure. Results: Patients' age ranged from 20 to 74 years with a 29-to-5 male-female ratio. The majority (n=19, 55.9%) of patients were in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) requiring maintenance hemodialysis. The mean operative time was 304 minutes and the mean intraoperative blood loss was 562 mL. Postoperative morbidity was observed in 70.5% of patients (n=24). In the subgroup analysis, higher values for operative time, blood loss, intensive care unit stay, and complications were found in ESRD patients. The mortality rate was 38.2% (n=13). In the univariate and multivariate analyses, poor performance status (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group >2) (p=0.03), ESRD (p=0.02), and late referral (>8 weeks) (p<0.001) significantly affected mortality. Conclusion: ESRD, late referral, and poor functional status were poor prognostic factors predicting postoperative mortality. The decision of surgery should be cautiously assessed given the very high risk of perioperative morbidity and mortality in these patients.

• Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research
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• v.95 no.6
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• pp.324-332
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• 2018

Purpose: We present our experience involving the management of this disease, identifying prognostic factors affecting treatment outcomes. Methods: The patients treated for Fournier gangrene at our institution were retrospectively reviewed. Data collected included demographics, extent of soft tissue necrosis, predisposing factors, etiological factors, laboratory values, and treatment outcomes. The severity index and score were calculated. Multivariate regression analysis was used to determine the association between potential predictors and clinical outcomes. Results: A total of 41 patients (male:female = 33:8) were studied. The mean age was 54.4 years (range, 24-79 years). The most common predisposing factor was diabetes mellitus (n = 19, 46.3%). Sixteen patients (39.0%) were current smokers. Seven patients had chronic kidney disease. The most frequent etiology was urogenital lesion (41.5%). The mortality rate was 22.0% (n = 9). Multivariate regression analyses showed that extension of necrosis beyond perineal/inguinal area and pre-existing chronic kidney disease were significant and independent predictors of mortality. Extension of necrosis beyond perineal/inguinal area was a significant predictor of increased duration in the intensive care unit and hospital stay. In addition, pre-existing chronic kidney disease was a significant predictor of flap reconstruction in the wound. Conclusion: Fournier gangrene with extensive soft tissue necrosis and pre-existing chronic kidney disease was associated with poor prognosis and complexity of patient management. Early recognition of dissemination and premorbid renal function is essential to reduce mortality and establish a management plan for this disease.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.109-112
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• 2009

Calciphylaxis is a rare disease that appear in patients with secondary hyper-parathyroidism or chronic renal failure or that show defect in calcium phosphate metabolism which is characterized by fibrin deposit or calcification of medial wall of vessels causing gradual ischemic skin necrosis. Calciphylaxis is a disease with poor prognosis as skin necrosis can progress rapidly. If left untreated, calciphylaxis will progress to sepsis with high mortality. The treatment is controversial but kidney transplantation or parathyroidectomy is suggested to recover calcium-phosphate metabolism. The authors have experienced calciphylaxis in a patient with chronic renal failure caused by DM nephropathy with characteristic skin lesion and rapid skin necrosis. We describe this case with documentary reviews.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.24-34
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• 2022

Purpose : This descriptive survey aims to identify the prevalence of factors associated with sarcopenia among hemodialysis patients. Methods : The study subjects were 137 patients with chronic kidney failure undergoing hemodialysis in three artificial kidney centers in B and Y cities. Data were collected from August 1 to September 30, 2020, using the SARC-F (Strength, Assistant walking, Rising from a chair, Climbing stairs, Falls) questionnaire, Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form (MNA-SF), International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-SF), Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA), and a grip dynamometer. The collected data were analyzed using t-tests, crossover analysis, and logistic regression using the IBM SPSS 23 program. Results : The prevalence of sarcopenia among hemodialysis patients, determined using the SARC-F questionnaire, was 16.1%. The associated factors of sarcopenia among hemodialysis patients were found to be gender (OR=6.44, p =.002), age (OR=1.07, p =.015), nutritional status (OR=10.37, p =.027), and albumin level (OR=0.10, p =.014). These findings are supported by an explanatory power of 46.3% (p =.597). Conclusion : The identified risk factors for sarcopenia in hemodialysis patients were; sex, age, nutritional status, and albumin level. The findings of this study can serve as clinical evidence for the development of an intervention program for preventing and managing sarcopenia in patients undergoing hemodialysis.

• Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.70-74
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• 2019

The kidney is a highly complex organ, and acute or chronic renal diseases can occur with various complications such as diabetes and hypertension. So far, no target specific treatment is available in acute or chronic renal failure, necessitating the development of alternative therapeutic strategy. Recent experimental findings suggest that the renal function and structure can be restored after being treated with various sources of stem/progenitor cells. In this review, we discuss up-to-date findings of the potential of renal progenitor/stem cells in alleviating renal injuries with a focus on preclinical studies. We also review cellular mechanisms underlying the therapeutic function of these cells.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.353-357
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• 2019

A two-year-old spayed female Persian cat demonstrated weight loss, anorexia, and vomiting for one week. Hematologic findings suggested chronic renal failure. Radiography and ultrasonography revealed severe bilateral renomegaly with hypoechoic nodules and subcapsular hypoechoic rim. Fine needle aspiration of the kidney revealed malignant lymphoma. The cat received in-hospital treatment for chronic renal failure for seven days, followed by chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisolone). The cat tolerated chemotherapy well and chronic kidney disease was alleviated. However, complete remission was not achieved. After 93 days of treatment, the cat exhibited anisocoria and mental dullness. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed hypertrophy and enhancement of cranial nerves. Chemotherapy was replaced with lomustine (10 mg orally), and two weeks later, cytosine arabinoside (50 mg/㎡ subcutaneously), twice daily for consecutive days. Five days after substitution chemotherapy, the patient showed anemia due to severe intestinal bleeding and died. Post-mortem examination and histopathologic analysis confirmed renal T-cell lymphoma with metastasis to the central nervous system, colon, and nasal cavity. Survival time was 117 days after the diagnosis of renal lymphoma.

• Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.116-120
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• 2021

Three different cats who had chronic kidney disease (CKD) were treated for more than one month with fluid therapy in an animal clinic. Although this long-term treatment and hospitalization, there was no clinical improvement in clinical signs as well as serum biochemical indexes including blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (CREA), and phosphate (PHOS). All cases were then injected three times with allogeneic stem cells through an intravenous route for treatment on Day 0, 7, and 14 or 30. On the same day, clinical observation and blood tests for serum biochemistry were conducted together. Upon administrating stem cells to the CKD cats, clinical conditions and the indexes of BUN and CREA were clinically improved within normal ranges. Additionally, one of the cats who had the renal cysts presented clinical improvement with showing decreased cysts size than before.