• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.12
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• pp.1389-1389
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• 2005

The long arm duplication of chromosome 3 was reported for the first time in 1966 by Falek et al., and Hirschhorn et al. came to identify the duplication of 3q21${\rightarrow}$qter region in 1973. In most cases of duplication 3q syndrome patients, pure duplication of 3qter is believed to be rare and is often reported accompanied with deletion of another segment of the chromosome. Approximately 75 percent of parents of the patient in the meantime have been demonstrated to have unbalanced translocations or inversions of the chromosome. Partial deletion of the distal part of the short arm of chromosome 3 was first reported by Verjaal and De Nef in 1978 and terminal deletion of chromosome 3 (3p25-qter) has been observed in most cases. In karyotyping of chromosomes of immature infants showing the manifestations of flat occiputs, low set ears, hypertelorism, broad nasal roots, thin lips, web necks, hypotonia, hypertrichosis skin, cryptorchidism etc, we experienced a case diagnosed as 46,XY, rec(3)dup(3)(q21)del(3)(p25)inv(3)(p25q21).

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.21-27
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• 1963

This study is concerned with alterations in chromosomes (numbers and morphology) when the culture of Chinese hamster cells (FAF-28 strain) was treated by steroids, testosterone and DOC. 1. In 200 cells of normal untreated cells as control population the chromosome of stemline was decided as which was contained in 158 cells ; that is , in 79 percent of the population. The average chromosome number in above 20 cells observed was calculated as 23.95 with minimum limit at 20 and maximum limit at 70. 2. Many different chromosome numbers, ranging from 19 to 352 were observed in the 200 cells treated by testosterone. The diploid number of 22 showed the peak of variation curve was counted in 71 cells (35.5%) and an average chromosome number of stemline was 22 which was counted in 74 cells (37%). While all of the chromosome number of stemline was 22 which was counted in 74 cells (37%). While all of the chromosome numbers in the 200 cells observed ranged from 20 to 181 , an average chromosome number was also found to be 30.09. 4. The chromosome component in the cultured normal FAF-28 cells with 22 diploid chromosomeswas as follows ; 9a) 2 paris were long and metacentric (LM), (b) 3 pairs were medium length and metacentric (MM), (c) 3 pairs were small and subtelocentric (SS) and (d) 3 pairs were small and metacentric (SM). 5. The twenty cells with 44 chromosomes were selected at random from each cell population treated with testosterone and DOC , so that chromosome idiogram and morphology could be studies. In the twenty cells of the testosterone treated population the average ratio of above four groups, LM ; MM;Ss:SM, was found to be 8.6 : 10.8:13.5:10.7. On the other hand, the average ratio in the same number of cells of the DOC treated one was 7.7 :11.4:12.5:12.7. 6. The five types of the altered chromosomes morphologically in the hundred cells selected at random from each cell population treated by testosterone and DOC were observed (Type I-V). The thirty-one altered chromosomes were found to be in the testosterone treated cell population and the sixteen in DOC treated.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.257-263
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• 2011

In general, the blood cell culture is a common method for animal chromosome preparation. However, every animal and its cells have unique physiological characteristics and functions. Hence, it is very difficult to find the suitable method of chromosome preparation using animal lymphocyte culture. This study was carried out to fine the suitable method of chromosome preparation using lymphocytes cultures in mammalians and aves including cattle, rat, mouse and chicken. To seek the optimal method of lymphocyte culture in each animal, $2^3$ factorial experiment was designed. The design evaluated three main effects in culture duration, kinds of mitogen supplements and colcemid exposure time with two levels within each effect. The mitotic index and the score of chromosome morphology were analyzed. In results, the suitable methods of lymphocyte culture for chromosome preparation were 72 hours culture, pokeweed mitogen(PWM) supplement and 90 minutes of colcemid exposure in cattle, 72 hours culture, PWM supplement and 50 minutes of colcemid exposure in chicken, 96 hours culture, concanavalin A supplement and 90 minutes of colcemid exposure in rat, and 72 hours culture, PWM supplement and 50 minutes of colcemid exposure in mouse, respectively. In conclusion, kinds of mitogen, culture duration and colcemid exposure time significantly affected the mitotic index and chromosome morphology, in animal lymphocyte culture. The interaction effects between/among treatment factors were also statistically significant.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.201-205
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• 2018

Carex L. (Cyperaceae) is the largest angiosperm genus in the temperate zones with more than 2,000 species worldwide. Unusual chromosome structures, called holocentric chromosomes, have been postulated to contribute to species diversity in the genus. In Korea, this genus has the greatest number of species, but chromosome information as it pertains to the taxa is mostly unknown. Here, we report meiotic chromosome numbers of five Carex taxa in Korea. The following observations are made: Carex jaluensis Kom. ($n=27_{II}$, $28_{II}$, $29_{II}$, $30_{II}$), C. japonica Thunb. ($n=28_{II}$, $29_{II}$), C. planiculmis Kom. ($n=30_{II}$), C. miyabei Franch. ($n=33_{II}$, $36_{II}$), C. neurocarpa Maxim. ($n=51_{II}$, $53_{II}$, $54_{II}$). Except for C. planiculmis, all of the species exhibit variations in chromosome numbers within individuals and/or taxa. The findings with regard to chromosome number diversity in Carex suggest that chromosome number variation (aneuploidy, agmatoploidy and/or symploidy) plays an important role in the richness of the species in the genus. Further cytological investigations are needed for a better understanding of sedge diversity in Korean flora.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.361-367
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• 2020

We report meiotic chromosome numbers of three taxa in Carex sect. Mitratae in Korea: Carex breviculmis R. Br. (n = 32_II, 33_II, 34_II), C. polyschoena H. Lév. & Vaniot (n = 37_II, 38_II), and C. sabynensis Less. ex Kunth (n = 27_II). Section Mitratae is one of the most species-rich Asian groups in Carex, comprising approximately 45-80 taxa. Twenty-seven of these occur in Korea, and they are some of the most challenging taxa to identify due to their obscure and inconspicuous diagnostic characters. Including the counts reported here, half of the native Korean sect. Mitratae chromosome numbers have been documented. Their haploid chromosome numbers range from n = 10 to n = 40, and many exhibit variations in the numbers counted within a taxon. These variations, along with the overall significant variation in sect. Mitratae, suggest that dynamic chromosome activity may be related to the high species diversity of Carex.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1995 no.05
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• pp.49-53
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• 1995

In this paper, we classify between the chromosome and blood cell, and find the location of chromosome. First, the gray level images be the binary images using the threshold method. Then, the spot noises are removed by the morphological filtering. Features are obtained using the updated Run length(RL) coding and are classified using the Bayes decision rule. The performances of classification are 83.3% in chromosome and 93.3% in blood cell. Because each sub-images ($256{\times}256$) is obtained from the full image($512{\times}512$), we realize the location of chromosome if we get the corrected chromosome classifications.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.144-146
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• 2002

Cytogenetic analysis of Anemarrhena ashodeloides BUNGE, which is one of medicinal plants belonging to Haemodoraceae was carried out using Feulgen staining. The somatic metaphase chromosome number was identified to 2n=22 (x=11) and the size of chromosomes ranges from $1.27-3.80\;{\mu}m$. Three pairs of chromosomes were relatively long in total length and the others were short. The karyotype was bimodal in chromosome length and arm ratios. The chromosome complement comprise eight pairs of metacentric (chromosome 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11), two pairs of submetacentric (chromosome 4 and 5), and one pair of subtelocentric (chromosome 1).

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.29-33
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• 1970

The conclusions established in the present study on the chromosomes in vitro of the uterine carcinomas of Korean women are as follows: 1. The pattern of the distribution of chromosome number in uterine carcinoma cells was quite different from that of normal cells, and modal number of the chromosome was 45 and 46. 2. The frequency of diplochromosomes was 0.053 per cell (5.3%) and that of chromosome aberration was 0.16 per cell (16%), which are significantly higher than each of normal cells. In chromosome aberration types, chromatid and isochromatid deletions (chromatid type) and dicentric (chromosome type) were observed. 3. Idiogram analysis showed a tendency that the number of chromosomes belonging to group F increased while that of chromosomes in groups B and E decreased in total. The number of chromosomes in groups C and G in the hypodiploidy cells decreased, but it increased in the hyperdiploidy cells.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.281-284
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• 1993

A karyotype of cytotype BB plant in Scilla scilloides Complex was established and the frequency of B-chromosomes were investigated. Chromosome complements of BB genome were composed of five pairs of subtelocentric and four pairs of metacentric chromosomes. Chromosome 1 has satellite with nucleolar organizer. Polymorphism was found in chromosome 2. The karyotype of cytotype BB will be available for analysis of genome composition in various cytotypes of S. scilloides Complex. The frequency of B-chromosome was 78.6%. Numbers of B-chromosome ranged from 1 to 4 and plants with 2B-chromosomes were predominant (57.2%). Two type of B-chromosomes, F and F', were found; F is a large iso-chromosome and F' a small one.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.467-474
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• 1999

Objectives: Cytogenetic investigations were carried out on 770 women with primary (n=560) and secondary amenorrhea (n=210) to determine the frequency of chromosomal or genetic causes of amenorrhea. Materials and Methods: In 770 women with primary amenorrhea (n=560) and secondary amenorrhea (n=210), chromosomal analysis were performed. Results: 1) The most prevalent age group is 16-20 years of age group with primary amenorrhea and 26-30 years of age group with secondary amenorrhea. 2) Out of 560 cases of primary amenorrhea, 343 cases (61.3%) had the normal chromosome constitution and 217 cases (38.7%) had the abnormal chromosome constitution including 46,XY. 3) In 217 cases of abnormal chromosome of primary amenorrhea, 57 cases (26.3%) had 45,X and 34 cases (15.8%) had the 46,XY, 24 cases (11.0%) had 45,X/46,X,i (Xq), 23 cases (10.6%) had 45,X/46,X,+mar and 14 cases (6.6%) had 45,X/46,XY. 4) Out of 210 cases of secondary amenorrhea, 181 cases (86.2%) had the normal chromosome constitution and 29 cases (13.8%) had the abnormal chromosome. 5) In 29 cases of abnormal chromosome of secondary amenorrhea, 7 cases (24.1%) had 45,X/46, X,i (Xq), 4 cases (13.8%) had 45,X/46,XX. Conclusion: High percentage of chromosomal abnormalities was diagnosed in primary amenorrhea and most of them were sex chromosome anomalies. In secondary amenorrhea, the prevalence was lower than primary amenorrhea, so a preselection of patients with secondary amenorrhea for cytogenetic investigations seems to be necessary.