• 연구논문집
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• 통권26호
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• pp.121-132
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• 1996

The carburising surface modification treatment of the die steel has been used for improving wear resistance and heat cycle strength of the die and preventing a pitting on the surface because the carbides are forming in the matrix during carburising. Generally, the hot forging die was used after quenching-tempering treatment or nitriding after quenching-tempering treatment. The nitriding after carburising on the surface of a hot die steel and a wear resistance die steels was suggested by SOUCHARD, JACQUOT. and BUVRON. This surface modification treatment improved the adhesive and abrasive wear resistance and friction coefficient. The process was introduced to the forging die of stainless steel, titanium alloy steel, alloy and medium carbon steel and the physical properties of the die after the treatment were improved. The surface hardening treatment of the nitriding, the carburising, the boriding, and TD process were used to improved the life time of the forging die. Also, the coating process of PVD, CVD and PCVD were used and the hard chromium plating was occasionally used. Therefore, this study analyzed the effects of the carburising time and the conditions of nitriding on STD61 steel. The case depth, the surface hardness, the forming carbide size and shape during overcarburising process on the die steel were also examined.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.262-272
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• 1998

The experiences and causes of pressure tube cracking accidents in the CANDU reactors and the development of the fuel channel at AECL(Atomic Energy Canada Limited) have been described. Most of the accidents were caused by Delayed Hydride Cracking(DHC). In the cases of the Pickering units 3&4 and the Bruce unit 2, excessive residual stresses induced by an improper rolled joint process played a role in DHC. In the Pickering unit 2, cracks formed by contact between the pressure and calandria tubes due to the movement of the garter spring were the direct cause of the failure. To extend the life of a fuel channel, several R&D programs examining each component of the fuel channel have been carried out in Canada. For a pressure tube, the main concern is focused on changing the fabrication processes, e.g., increasing cold working rate, conducting intermediate annealing and adding a third element like Fe, V, and Cr to the tube material. In addition to them, chromium plating on the end fitting and increasing wall thickness at both ends of the calandria tube are considered. There has also been much interest in the improvement of fuel channel performance in our country and several development programs are currently under way.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.83-91
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• 1986

Codeposited of boron nitride(BN) particle dispersed into electroless nickel-phosphours (Ni-P) and nickel-boron(Ni-B) platings were studied for the purpose of developing the wear resistance and lubricity. BN can be codeposited from electroless nickel plating bath with $NaH_2PO_2$ and $NaBH_4$ as the reducing agents. Most dispersolids were distributed uniformly in the Ni-P and Ni-B matrix. Abrasion loss decreased with increasing amount of codeposits and reached a constant value 2.4 percent by volume percent of BN particle. The wear resistance and the friction coefficient of the heat treated BN composite coatings were improved about three times than that of as-coatings. The BN composite coatings were more wear resistance than hard chromium. Ni-B-BN composite coatings showed lower wear resistance and friction coefficient than Ni-P-BN. The BN content of the deposite was found to be 2.4 v/o for these optium conditions.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.275-279
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• 2012

Ni-W alloy deposits have lately attracted the interest as an alternative surface treatment method for hard chromium electrodeposits because of higher wear resistance, hardness at high temperature, and corrosion resistance. This study deals with influences of process variables, such as electodeposition current density, plating temperature and pH, on the internal stress of Ni-W nanocrystalline deposits. The internal stress was increased with increasing the applied current density. With increasing applied current density, the grain size of the deposit decreases and concentration of hydrogen in the deposit increases. The subsequent release of the hydrogen results in shrinkage of the deposit and the introduction of tensile stress in the deposit. Consequently, for layers deposited at high current density, cracking occurs readily owing to high tensile stress value. By increasing the temperature of the electrodeposition from $60^{\circ}C$ to $80^{\circ}C$, the internal stress was decreased. It seems that an increase in the number of active ions overcoming the activation energy at elevated temperature caused a decline in the concentration polarization and surface diffusion. It decreased the level of hydrogen absorption due to the lessened hydrogen evolution reaction. Therefore, the lower level of hydrogen absorption degenerated the hydride on the surface of the electrode, resulting in the reduction of the internal stress of the deposits. By increasing the pH of the electrodeposition from 5.6 to 6.8, the internal stress in the deposits were slightly decreased. It is considered that the decrease in internal stess of deposits was due to supply of W complex compound in cathode surface, and hydrogen ion resulted from decrease of activity.

• International Journal of Ocean System Engineering
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.106-115
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• 2012

In the present study, TiN and CrN films were coated by arc ion plating equipment onto aluminum alloy substrate, A2024. The film thickness was about 4.65 ${\mu}m$. TiN and CrN films were analyzed by X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive X-ray equipments. The Young's modulus and the micro-Vickers hardness of aluminum substrate were modified by the ceramic film coatings. The difference in Young's modulus between substrate and coating film would affect on the wear resistance. The critical load, Lc, was 75.8 N for TiN and 85.5 N for CrN. It indicated from the observation of optical micrographs for TiN and CrN films that lots of cracks widely propagated toward the both sides of scratch track in the early stage of MODE I. TiN film began to delaminate completely at MODE II stage. The substrate was finally glittered at MODE III stage. For CrN film, a few crack can be observed at MODE I stage. The delamination of film was not still occurred at MODE II and then was happened at MODE III. This agrees with critical load measurement which the adhesive strength was greater for CrN film than for TiN film. Consequently, it was difficult for CrN to delaminate because the adhesive strength was excellent against Al substrate. The wear process, which the film adheres and the ball transfers, could be enhanced because of the increase in loading. The wear weight of ball was less for CrN than for TiN. This means that the wear damage of ball was greater for TiN than for CrN film. It is also obvious that it was difficult to delaminate because the CrN coating film has high toughness. The coefficient of friction was less for CrN coating film than for TiN film.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.47-53
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• 2020

본 연구는 30mm 자동포에 적용 중인 폐쇄기의 내구성을 향상시킴으로서 제품의 신뢰성을 증가시키는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. 연구 대상인 폐쇄기는 왕복운동을 통해 탄의 장전, 약실 폐쇄, 탄피 추출 등의 기능을 하는 포의 주요 구성품으로 높은 신뢰성이 요구되지만 운용 중 폐쇄기 균열이 조기에 발생됨에 따라 개선이 필요하였다. 개선을 위해 원인 분석을 수행하여 균열은 반복적인 충격에 의해 발생함을 확인하였다. 그러하여 다음과 같은 개선방안을 연구하고 입증 사격을 통해 효과를 증명하였다. 개선방안으로 소재 변경으로 충격 흡수에너지를 증가시켰으며 균열 부위의 R 값을 증대하여 응력 집중을 완화하였다. 또한, 쇼트피닝 추가, 크롬도금 삭제, 단조 방법 변경으로 피로수명을 증가시켰다. 개선품의 입증 사격 결과 5,000발까지 사격 장애가 발생하지 않았고 균열의 시작이 늦춰졌으며 그 깊이가 작아졌다. 따라서 개선방안이 적용된 폐쇄기는 기존 제품 보다 내구성이 향상됨을 확인하였다. 본 연구는 유사제품의 내구성 향상, 폐쇄기 균열 성장 속도 예측(수명 연구) 및 균열 허용 기준 설정을 추진할 때 유용한 참고 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.43-54
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• 1995

TiN 피막 처리된 스테인레스강 교정용 장치물이, 전해질이 있는 구강내에 장기간 장착될 때 발생할 수 있는 금속 유리 정도를 파악하기 위해 상악 편측에 해당하는 모조 교정 장치를 제작하였다. welding을 실시하고 TiN 피막 처리한 시편을 제1군으로, welding을 실시하지 않고 TiN피 막 처리한 시편을 제2군으로, welding을 실시하고 TiN 피막 처리를 하지 않은 시편을 제3군으로 welding과 TiN 피막 처리를 실시하지 않은 시편을 제4군으로 하여 각 군당 10개씩의 시편을 준비하였다. 각 시편을 인공 타액내에 15일간 침적하여 용액 속에 유리되어 용해된 니켈과 크롬의 누계와 침전물 형태로 존재하는 니켈과 크롬의 양을 측정하여 총량의 차이를 TiN 피막 처리 유무와 welding 유무에 따라 t-test로 검정한 결과, welding을 실시한 두 군중 TiN 피막 처리 한 군에서 금속 유리량이 더 적었으며 , TiN 피막 처리한 두 군중 welding을 실시하지 않은 군에서 금속 유리량이 더 적은 것으로 나타났다. 표면 조직 관찰시 welding을 실시한 두 군에서 수많은 침전물과 Pitting corrosion이 보였으며 이 중 TiN 피막 처리한 군에서 그 정도가 낮았다. 본 실험을 통하여 스테인레스강 교정용 장치물에 TiN 피막 처리시 심미성 및 각종 물성의 개선 이외에도 금속 유리의 정량적인 분석 결과 내식성이 현저히 개선됨을 알 수 있었다.