• 복식
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• 제64권5호
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• pp.168-183
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• 2014

When expressing Jesus Christ visually in the medieval Christian paintings, the most important issue was portraying Christ's divinity and humanity in a balanced manner; showing both attributes as Son of God and a human being. The purpose of the study is to examine both the formative and the symbolic characteristics of divinity and humanity on Christ's clothes in the Medieval paintings, Baptism of Christ. In the paintings, there are iconographical devices to show His divinity including God, Holy Spirit, the Trinity and the Jordan River. But Christ's body is definite evidence to show his humanity. In connection with the body, the clothes reveal Christ's humanity and divinity as well. Through this research, the study found that the divinity and humanity on the Christ's clothes in the baptism of Christ were as follows: Blue, gole, purple, and white are the emblem of divinity, while the colors red and white stand for the humanity of Christ. In addition, the divinity of christ is expressed through the decoration on the clothes, while the humanity of Christ is shown through the structured drapery and transparent material.

• 영어영문학
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.639-666
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• 2010

Meditation on Christ's body is peculiar to late medieval female mysticism. The somatic meditation on Christ basically derives from the Incarnation, but the female mystics focused more on the Passion and the Eucharist, i.e., Christ's bleeding and feeding. Then, female body structure and the gender role of nurturing were combined to make facile her imitatio Christi, because the female body was aptly identified with Christ's body. The blood flowing in the side of Christ was often in medieval graphics and texts identified with a mother's milk for a baby to suck. Wound and food, suffering and nourishing, were inseparable in Christ's and the female mystics' body. Thus, in late medieval female mystical practice, it is important to note, first, female mystics' bodily pain was not to be cured but endured; second, that not only did a female mystic eat Christ's body, but her own body was to be "eaten" by poor neighbors, just as Christ gave his own body to be eaten by believers. As Christ's body is punctured, so does the female body have open holes, and as Christ is food, so is the female body. This female meditation on Christ's body developed the notion of "divine motherhood" to be accepted and enjoyed quite literally by the female mystics in late medieval times. Yet, in a sense, the female mystics' meditating on Christ's feminine function of nourishing can be considered as their accepting and interiorizing the socially constructed female gender role and thus lacking in subversive power. Nevertheless, this meditative practice at least functioned to redeem the female body which had typically been labelled inferior and even dirty. Through Christ's feminized body, the female mystics rehabilitated their bodily dimension, presenting it to be shared by male believers. Capitalizing on the gender stereotype of womanhood itself, they converted female weakness to power.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.359-369
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• 2018

중세 기독교 회화에서 그리스도를 표현하는데 있어 가장 중요시한 문제는 그의 신성과 인성을 동시에 나타내는 것이다. '그리스도의 변형' 도상은 다른 어떤 주제보다 그리스도의 두 가지 속성을 뚜렷하게 보여준다. 본 연구의 목적은 예형론과 기독론을 통해 중세 그리스도 변형 도상의 신체와 복식에 나타난 그리스도의 신성과 인성의 표현을 고찰하는 것이다. 이를 위해 그리스도의 두상표현과 자세, 복식의 종류와 색상, 형태, 재질 및 장식, 조형성을 살펴보았다. 연구 결과 신성은 푸르거나 어두운 색조의 얼굴과 삼위일체와 강복을 상징하는 오른손, 오란스, 공중부양 자세로 나타났고, 인성은 홍조가 도는 따뜻한 색감의 피부를 지닌 장년 남성의 얼굴과 콘트라포스토 자세로 나타났다. 복식에서 흰색, 푸른색, 보라색, 금색 및 탈색효과는 신성을, 붉은색 및 고채도의 색상대비는 인성을 강조하기 위한 표현으로 분석되었다. 또한 비구조적인 주름과 직선적인 드레이퍼리, 목둘레의 장식선 등은 신성의 특징으로, 구조적이며 사실적인 주름의 묘사는 인성의 표현으로 나타났다. 중세 그리스도 도상은 인간의 모습으로 이 땅에 내려온 신의 형상을 구현하기 위해 철저히 계획된 의도의 산물이다. 이는 화가 자신의 신앙의 고백이자 중세 신학의 도그마를 전달하는 수단으로서 중요한 의의가 있으며 추상적인 개념을 시각화하여 전달하는 이미지의 중요성을 시사한다.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.398-418
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• 2024

This study aims to examine how the body and clothing of Jesus Christ are represented in the Russian Transfiguration of Christ icons of the 15th and 16th centuries and why it is considered to have established a distinct Russian iconography free from Byzantine influence. The study analyzes the Russian icons comparing them with their Byzantine prototypes to identify the distinctive 'Russianness' of the representation. The research methods comprise a qualitative analysis of the literature on Russian Orthodoxy, Russian icons, Christian theology, and Christ's clothing and an empirical analysis of the icons. The scope of the study is limited to Russian icons from the 15th and 16th centuries and Byzantine icons from the 9th century onwards. The study found that, compared to Byzantine icons, the Russian icons exhibit a more elongated body, darker facial features, and lighter clothing. A statistical analysis using the Mann-Whitney U test further revealed that the Russian icons feature a stiffer, simpler form, more opaque material, and more defined clothing boundaries. These stylistic differences suggest that the 'Russianness' in the expression of Christ's body and clothing in the Transfiguration of Christ icons derives from creativity, abstractness, and tradition. Rather than a simple recreation of the historical Christ or adherence to the Byzantine tradition, the Russian iconographic representation emphasizes Christ's transfiguration into a luminous form, as described in the Bible, accentuating his divine nature over his human aspects.

• 심성연구
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.1-38
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• 2019

가톨릭교회는 1964년에 제 2차 바티칸 공의회에서 '인류의 빛은 그리스도이다'라고 선포하였다. 2002년에 교황 요한 바오로 2세는 '그리스도의 빛의 신비'를 선포했다. 세기를 달리하여 두 번에 걸쳐 그리스도가 빛임을 강조하며 이 시대에 '빛 그리스도', '태양처럼 빛나는 그리스도'에 시선을 고정시켜 그 신비를 깨달으라고 교황은 촉구했다. 이에 본 연구는 묵주기도에서 '빛의 신비'의 상징성에 대한 분석심리학적 고찰을 통해 '빛 그리스도의 빛의 신비'를 산다는 것의 의미를 살펴보았다. 즉 빛 그리스도를 증언하고 있는 성경을 바탕으로 '빛의 신비'가 전개되는 모습을 나타내는 이미지들의 상징성을 연구한다. 그 이미지들은 세례, 가나의 혼인잔치, 하느님 나라, 거룩한 변모, 최후의 만찬이다. '그리스도의 빛의 신비'를 산다는 것은 '빛의 그리스도-상(像)'을 각자 고유의 자기(Self)로 동화시키는 것으로 즉 대극의 체험을 통하여 의식화되고 개성화된 인격으로서 '세상의 빛', '시대의 빛'으로 존재하는 것에 대한 의미를 숙고한 연구이다.

• Korean Circulation Journal
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• 제52권12호
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• pp.878-886
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• 2022

Background and Objectives: Moderate aortic stenosis (AS) confers a surprisingly adverse prognosis, approaching that of severe AS. The objective of this study was to describe the clinical course of patients with moderate AS with evidence of concomitant heart failure manifesting as elevated brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels. Methods: This is a single-center, retrospective cohort study of 332 patients with elevated BNP. 165 patients with moderate AS were compared with 167 controls with none-mild AS. The Median follow-up duration was 3.85 years. The primary outcome was a composite endpoint of all-cause hospitalizations and all-cause mortality. Results: BNP levels were 530 and 515 pg/mL in the study and the control groups, respectively. Moderate AS had significantly higher rates of primary composite endpoint in both univariate analysis (hazard ratio [HR], 1.50; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14-1.97; p=0.004) and adjusted analysis (HR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.05-2.01; p=0.02). Moderate AS had 1.41 (95% CI, 1.18-1.69; p<0.001) times more all-cause hospitalization per patient-year of follow-up compared to controls in the univariate model. After adjustment for significant covariates, moderate AS remained an independent predictor of all-cause hospitalizations (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 1.45; 95% CI, 1.18-1.79; p=0.005). Furthermore, moderate AS was significantly associated with higher all-cause hospitalization rates in both heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (IRR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.02-1.75; p=0.038) and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction [IRR], 1.31; 95% CI, 1.03-1.67; p=0.026). Conclusions: Moderate AS in conjunction with elevated BNP portends a significantly worse prognosis than those without moderate AS and should be followed closely.

• 건축사
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• 통권570호
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• pp.112-115
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• 2016

• 심성연구
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.189-208
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• 2011

칼 융의 심리학은 "종교의 시녀"(제임스 하이직)라고 불리기도 하는데, 이는 인간의 무의식을 종교적인 것으로 이해하는 융의 접근을 잘 나타내는 말일 것이다. 융에 의하면 인간의 의식과 무의식에 대한 이분법은 세계의 여러 종교에 등장하는 상징들에 의해서 극복된다. 또한 그는 종교적 상징은 상징적인 방식으로 이해되어야 한다고 주장하였다. 종교적인 상징이 문자적이고 교의적으로 이해된다면, 상징들은 인간에게 구원을 가져다줄 수 있는 그들의 역동적인 힘을 잃어버리게 되는 것이다. 이 소론에서는 예수 그리스도의 배타성에 대한 상징적이고 직관적인 이해에 대해서 논하였다. 오직 그리스도만이 유일회적으로 모든 인류에게 구원을 가져다 준다는 기독교의 고백은 상징적이고 직관적으로 이해될 수 있다. 다시 말해서 그리스도는 그가 구원자로 고백될 때마다 언제나 새로운 존재로서 이해되어야 하는 것이다. 상징으로서의 그리스도는 결코 역사적인 과거태가 될 수 없다. 이 논문에서는 일본의 불교철학자 야나기 무네요시(柳宗悅)의 부처이해에 대해서 언급하였다. 이를 통해서 그리스도에 대한 상징적이고 직관적인 이해가 어떻게 가능할 것인가를 논구하기 위함이다.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.264-270
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• 2018

In our research study, we aim at optimizing multiple load in cloud, effective resource allocation and lesser response time for the job assigned. Using Hadoop on datacenter is the best and most efficient analytical service for any corporates. To provide effective and reliable performance analytical computing interface to the client, various cloud service providers host Hadoop clusters. The previous works done by many scholars were aimed at execution of workflows on Hadoop platform which also minimizes the cost of virtual machines and other computing resources. Earlier stochastic hill climbing technique was applied for single parameter and now we are working to optimize multiple parameters in the cloud data centers with proposed heuristic hill climbing. As many users try to priorities their job simultaneously in the cluster, resource optimized workflow scheduling technique should be very reliable to complete the task assigned before the deadlines and also to optimize the usage of the resources in cloud.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.70-91
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• 2022

Organizations today depend and thrive on timely, accurate and strategically relevant information. Business analytics (BA) holds the key to many of these issues. This paper validates a model on how the usage of BA leads to operational efficiency. We identified the factors of basic analytical usage from the Business Capacity Maturity Model (BCMM). The scope of the study is restricted to the Information Technology Infrastructure and Application management domain. A survey was conducted among the managers of the IT companies in Bengaluru, India. The results showed a significant influence of data-oriented culture and BA tools and infrastructure on BA usage. We found a significant influence of BA usage and pervasive use on operational efficiency. The speed to insight is still not practised in organizations. The awareness level of analytical skills in organizations is very low.