• 한국철학논집
• /
• 제29호
• /
• pp.7-31
• /
• 2010

본고의 목적은 여말선초에 나름대로 독특한 삶을 영위하며 조선조 사상계에 적지 않은 영향을 끼친 길재의 사상적 맥락을 고찰하여 재조명하는데 있다. 고려 말의 급변하는 정치상황 속에서 길재는 위화도회군 이후 이성계 등의 행동 방향을 살펴보고 쇠퇴해 가는 고려조의 명운을 근심하며 이러한 시대에 대처하는 대응방안으로 백이숙제의 절개를 고수하겠다는 입장을 분명하게 드러냈다. 여말선초에 있어서 길재가 남긴 행적은 한 신하로서의 충절(忠節)을 넘어서서, 유학적 진리에 의한 삶으로써 한 본보기가 되었다는 점에서 더 큰 의미가 있다. 조정에서 벼슬을 내렸을 때, 굳이 사퇴하며 임금을 섬기지 않은 것은 단순히 절개란 이름을 사기 위한 것이 아니다. 그것은 세상에 나오고 세상에 숨는 일을 옳게 하려는 관계이며, 유교 교리에 부합하려는 것이었다. 조선조에 들어와 역대 군왕들과 많은 유학자들이 길재의 의리정신을 추존하여 한국유학사상사에 있어서 우뚝한 위치에 올려놓은 것은 바로 이러한 점에 바탕을 둔 것이라 하겠다.

• 건축역사연구
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.91-111
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study is to analyze paejang system of the castle constructions In the late period of Chosun dynasty. Moreover, this study aimed to examine effects and influences of its constructional productivity. The results are as follow; 1. Paejang was originally a sort of military positions. Thereafter it had been adopted to the various fields like soonrapaes. Pae, which was a regular working unit organized with $30{\sim}50$ laborers, took charge of the works allocated with its own chargeable section. 2. The first adoption of paejang system was found at the construction of Ganghwa-oyseong in 1690. Since the period of King Yeongjo and Jeongjo, it was generally used as a working system. 3. Yoo Hyeongwon had early suggested that this system should be adopted as a reformative system because it had a perfect command system like Soko-je, the provincial military system. 4. At the constructions of Dongnae-upseong, Jeonjoo-upseong and Daegoo-upseong in the period of King Yeongjo, paes were organized to $40{\sim}60$units, and worked in the fields of masonry, carnage and picking of stones. 5. At the construction of Soowon-seong in the period of King Jeongjo, a large number of various paejangs participated in all of working fields. Especially masonry-paes were usually organized with over 100 units. 6. It was estimated that paejang system surely could guarantee saving labors and term of works. Moreover, it was a basis for the further development form of dogup-je, a contracted work system. 7. Paejang system was applied in the constructions of Buddhist temples since the middle period of 1700s and later, it was widely used in the constructions of palaces.

• 대한가정학회지
• /
• 제41권5호
• /
• pp.193-203
• /
• 2003

Magoja is a jacket for men and women. Magoja was worn between the jacket, jogori and the coat durumagi; that is over the jacket and under the coat. In the 19th century, Daewon-kun, who was wearing maqua, was in China and he came back to Korea. So, it was believed that the origin of magoja was from maqua from Qing. But, there were differences between magoja and maqua in their design. Therefore, I researched the origin of magoja and tried to know the design and the method of wearing magoja in the Chosun dynasty. The results are as follows. The design of magoja, especially its collar, was different from Chinese maqua. As analyzed above, it is difficult to regard the origin of magoja as deriving from Daewon-kun's maqua, which he wore when he went to Qing. Magoja-style jacket can be found from many old pictures. The collar of those jacket, whose style was waonsam-git unlike the present-day magoja, is consistent with the collar of sagyusam or baeja. And this kind of git style had existed for a long period of time as already studied in bangryungbangbi. Furthermore, the origin of this kind of jacket dated back to the maeksu of the Sung Dynasty; maek meaning Koguryo, maeksu was understood to indicate the style of the Koguryo jacket of short sleeves for the convenience of horseback riding. Maeksu, which varied in its kind and style, had been used as the equestrian clothes in China and was assumed to be particularly put on widely during the Yuan and Sung Dynasties. Maeksu continued to exist as daegeumeui during the Ming Dynasty but, later called magua, it was worn more widely ding the Qing Dynasty of the Manchus. This kind of maeksu or magua was the jacket which could be put on the coat and this style of wearing it during the Chosun Dynasty could be confirmed by the pictures. Therefore, magoja is not the jacket which was all of sudden derived from Qing's magua but one of traditional Korean clothes of the northern provinces which had existed for a long period of time. And magoja seemed to be put on more widely during the latter part of the Chosun Dynasty because of the influence of Qing's magua.

• 복식
• /
• 제57권1호
• /
• pp.105-117
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this study is to help the understanding the characteristics in the costumes of men and women throughout the overall acceptance process of 'Naewaebub' in the late 'Chosun Dynasty' in which the notion of 'Naewae' is more prosperous than any other period in Korean history. Originally the distinction between man and woman was not intended to display the high and the low but to show the mutual respect according to each duty. As time goes on, that ideal became gradually changed to heighten the man and lower the women especially in 'Han' period of China. There was the ideal of distinction in the ancient times in Korea. Until 'Koryo Dinasty' the community has the system of blood-tied that put together maternal and paternal. 'Karye' was introduced in the late 'Koryo Dynasty' and accepted to the stereotype of morale in the 'Chosun Dynasty' and there seemed to be 'Samgang' and 'Oryun' at once. Many restrictions was imposed to behavior in women like rules of prohibition in attending the temple and concealment of woman's face and was recognized to rule of distinction between man and woman. Confucian life custom has been settled to Korean society throughout the late 16th century and 17th century and there were some appearances in the housing construction which divide the residences of man and woman. The characteristics in the costume from the avoidance of opposite sexes are clear in the structure of clothes changed from similar style to different style. The examples of those characteristics are as fellows. The costume in man was developed to advanced 'Pyoun-bokkwan' and 'Pyounbokpo' as social action of man prospered. Meanwhile the trousers which had been the same in the man and woman were separated to different trousers between man and woman. The costume life style of woman was changed to using the a hair whirl, hiding the face in the street and overlapping the innerwear under the skirt which was extension of woman's closed life style in late 'Chosun Dynasty'.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• 제37권1호
• /
• pp.44-47
• /
• 2005

Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the elevated blood glucose levels in the postoperative period are associated with an increased risk of deep wound infection in diabetic individuals undergoing lumbar spine surgery. Methods: Of 2896 patients who underwent lumbar spine operations by one surgeon between 1993 and 2002, 329(11.4%) were diabetics. The rate of deep wound infections in diabetic patients was 6.4%, versus 3.2% for nondiabetics. 152 patients had their operation before implementation of the protocol and 177 after implementation. Charts of the diabetic patients were reviewed. Mean blood glucose levels were calculated from documented results of finger-stick glucometer testing. Results: Twenty-one diabetic patients suffered deep wound infection. Infected diabetic patients had a higher mean blood glucose level through the first 2 postoperative days than noninfected patients($230{\pm}6.9$ versus $175{\pm}3.8mg/dL$; p<0.003) and had a long operation time($216{\pm}57.9$ versus $167.5{\pm}42.2$ minute; p<0.05). Multivariable logistic regression showed that mean blood glucose level for the first 2 postoperative days, long operation time, and use of the instrumentation(p<0.02) were all related predictiors of deep wound infection. Institution of a protocol of postoperative continuous intravenous insulin to maintain blood glucose level less than 200mg/dL was began in september 1997. This protocol resulted in a decrease in blood glucose levels for the first 2 postoperative days and a concomitant decrease in the proportion of patients with deep wound infection, from 8.3%(11/132) to 5.1%(10/195) (p<0.02). Conclusion: The incidence of deep wound infection in diabetic patients is reduced after implementation of a protocol to maintain mean blood glucose level less than 200mg/dL in the immediate postoperative period.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• 제51권4호
• /
• pp.208-214
• /
• 2012

Objective : Discal cyst is rare and causes indistinguishable symptoms from lumbar disc herniation. The clinical manifestations and pathological features of discal cyst have not yet been completely known. Discal cyst has been treated with surgery or with direct intervention such as computed tomography (CT) guided aspiration and steroid injection. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the percutaneous endoscopic surgery for lumbar discal cyst over at least 6 months follow-up. Methods: All 8 cases of discal cyst with radiculopathy were treated by percutaneous endoscopic surgery by transforaminal approach. The involved levels include L5-S1 in 1 patient, L3-4 in 2, and L4-5 in 5. The preoperative magnetic resonance imaging and 3-dimensional CT with discogram images in all cases showed a connection between the cyst and the involved intervertebral disc. Over a 6-months period, self-reported measures were assessed using an outcome questionaire that incorporated total back-related medical resource utilization and improvement of leg pain [visual analogue scale (VAS) and Macnab's criteria]. Results : All 8 patients underwent endoscopic excision of the cyst with additional partial discectomy. Seven patients obtained immediate relief of symptoms after removal of the cyst by endoscopic approach. There were no recurrent lesions during follow-up period. The mean preoperative VAS for leg pain was $8.25{\pm}0.5$. At the last examination followed longer than 6 month, the mean VAS for leg pain was $2.25{\pm}2.21$. According to MacNab' criteria, 4 patients (50%) had excellent results, 3 patients (37.5%) had good results; thus, satisfactory results were achieved in 7 patients (87.5%). However, one case had unsatisfactory result with persistent leg pain and another paresthesia. Conclusion : The radicular symptoms were remarkably improved in most patients immediately after percutaneous endoscopic cystectomy by transforaminal approach.

• 교육시설 논문지
• /
• 제18권4호
• /
• pp.33-43
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this study is to clearify the architectural pattern of the Dogsedang(讀書堂) and it's characteristics of the Place which based on the historical background of the Saga-reagingsystem(陽假讀書制度) in the early Chosun Dynasty. The Saga-reaging(賜暇讀書) was given vacation to read books for young scholars who serve in a Royal institution chartered an academic society that we call the Giphyunjeun(集賢默). Due to the consciousness of preference about the old Documment on the history of Chosun Dynasty such as, whangchoshillok(朝蘇王朝實錄) and giligie(地理誌) and so on, I could find a clue that would lead to the solution of the problem. So to speak the division into periods about historical background of the Saga-reagingsystem(賜暇讀書制度) is analysed by questionnaire of scholars who is in. By the analysis, there were two types of the Saga-reagingsystem(賜暇讀書制度) and three places in the Dogsedang(讀書堂). Vacation to read books at the single schalor's home is we called jaegadogse(在家讀書), reading area at the temple in the deep mountain district is the Sansadogse(山寺讀書). The first place reading area at the temple in the deep mountain district was the temple of Jinkwan(律寬寺), the second place was the temple of Jangyue(藏義寺) the third was the temple of youngsan(龍山寺) so called the Namhodang(南湖堂). There is a certain difference of viewpoint with each site. These results show that the site of the Dogsedang(讀書堂) has deep consideration in relation with picturesque scenery.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• 제50권3호
• /
• pp.233-239
• /
• 2023

Background Trunk defects can occur because of surgical site infections after spinal surgery, resection of malignant tumors, or trauma. Herein, we present our experience of using intercostal artery perforator (ICAP) flaps to reconstruct trunk defects without noteworthy complications. Fourteen patients underwent reconstruction with ICAP flaps between March 2015 and March 2019. Methods Patients' data, including age, sex, the cause of the defect, defect size, perforator location, flap size, complications, and follow-up period, were retrospectively reviewed. The mean age of the patients was 56.5 years (range, 19-80 years). All operations were performed after the results of bacterial culture from the wound showed no microbial growth. We found reliable perforators around the defect using Doppler ultrasonography. The perforator flaps were elevated with a pulsatile perforator and rotated in a propeller fashion to the defects. We performed five dorsal and two lateral ICAP flaps. The mean flap dimensions were 12 × 5.5 cm² (range, 6 × 5 to 18 × 8 cm²). Results Primary closure of the donor site was performed. Marginal congestion was observed as a complication in one case, but it healed with no need for revision. The mean follow-up period was 8 months. All patients were satisfied with the surgical outcomes. Conclusion ICAP flaps can be easily mobilized, thereby reducing donor site morbidity without sacrificing the underlying muscles for trunk reconstruction. Therefore, these flaps are useful options for the reconstruction of trunk defects.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
• /
• 제22권6호
• /
• pp.653-664
• /
• 2007

This study intends to consider about the food culture during the latterly Chosun Dynasty through the genre paintings which are depicted realistically about the total food life figures for example not only the foods, but also that people who eat and drink the food and eating implements, eating methods. There are 9 pieces of works Kim hong-do's which are the best appraisal on the incorporated Korean emotion and on the real life of general public. Those are selected for this study's characteristics through the literature consideration. The characteristics of the tableware pottery and food culture are following things. The first is a white porcelain's development and popularization. In the latterly Chosun Dynasty period, the development of the agriculture and commerce made been connected to the affluent food cultures, these made increase the porcelain's use of upper classes and these made been connected to the development of the porcelain's cultures. The second is the development of various pottery with a dark brown glaze manufactures. The development of agriculture and economy power made bring the development of the kinds of sauces and Kimchi culture with an inflow of foreign crops and these made making the large an earthenware pot or jar which could store something during the long time. The third is the development of the small dining table on the eating the bread of idleness. In the Chosun dynasty period, the food style was been unified to he eating the bread of idleness and been lowered. These made developed of various small dining table through the underfloor heating system's generalization. The fourth is the development of the spoon with the soup culture. It is the East Asia called that the spoon culture boundary, this show the characteristic that we use the spoon mainly compare with another countries. Finally, it is universal use of the fixed quantitative implements. They could live quantitative life with the scales which are jar of soy sauce, liquor jug, jar, scoop leading a set of tableware.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• 제29권5호
• /
• pp.664-667
• /
• 2000

Objective : Excessive bleeding from the exposed cancellous bone surface may cause serious problem such as hematoma formation, infection, transfusion reaction during operation and postoperative period. There are several kinds of bleeding control agent on the cancellous bone surface including bone wax, gelatin sponge ($Gelfoam^{(R)}$), oxidized cellulose($Oxycel^{(R)}$, $Surgicel^{(R)}$), thrombin, microfibrillar collagen($Avitene^{(R)}$) etc. In the past, bone wax was used to control bone bleeding but it is associated with increased infection rate and fusion failure. Recently, gelfoam paste has been used to control cancellous bone bleeding. We controlled the cancellous bone bleeding with the mixture of gelfoam powder and thrombin powder. Material and Methods : Seventeen patients of posterior fusion on the 4 motion segments of thoracolumbar spine were selected to compare the result of bone bleeding control. In the test group of 9 patients, the cancellous bone bleeding was controlled with the mixture of Gelfoam and thrombin powder during operation. In the control group of 8 cases, no chemical hemostatic agent was used to manage the bone bleeding during operation. We calculated the total amount of bleeding from cancellous bone surface during and after operation in the two groups and compared their statistic significance of the result which was judged by student t-test. Results : The average amount of intraoperative bleeding was 1825ml in control group, 811ml in test group(p<0.01). The amount of postoperative bleeding was 943ml in control group and 812ml in test group, there were no significant difference in the amount of bleeding during postoperative period between two groups(p>0.5). Total amount of blood was decreased in as much as 1150ml in test group(p<0.01). Conclusion : We concluded that the application of the mixture of thrombin and gelfoam powder on the cancellous bone surface is the effective control method of cancellous bone bleeding for multilevel posterior spinal fusion.