• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.140-144
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• 2016

The gene encoding chondroitinase ABC from a genomic library of Bacteroides stercoris HJ-15, which was isolated from human feces, was cloned. The cloned gene consisted of 3,090 bp and was predicted to encode a 1,029−amino-acid protein. The B. stercoris chondroitinase ABC gene was not homologous to other chondroitinase ABC genes; however, its amino acid sequence showed 71% homology to that of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. The gene was cloned in the pET-26b+ expression vector and expressed under the T7 promoter in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). The purified recombinant chondroitinase ABC degraded chondroitin sulfates A, B, and C.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.109-117
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• 2009

We examined the purity of six heparin samples by using heparinase, chondroitinase, $^{1}H-NMR$, and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. To obtain high molecular weight contaminants from heparin samples, heparinase I - digested samples were subjected to the exhaustive microcon filtration. The filtration process removed heparin-derived di- and oligosaccharides effectively. By combining chondroitinase ABC treatment and strong anion exchange - high performance liquid chromatography, the result showed all six samples contained chondroitin sulfate as a contaminant ranging from 1.3 to 14.9%. Among them, sample S3 showed the highest content of 14.9%, which was further analyzed by chondroitinase AC treatment to confirm chondroitin sulfate B (dermatan sulfate). $^{1}H-NMR$ chemical shifts of N-acetyl groups clearly suggested the existence of chondroitin sulfate B (sample S3) and oversulfated chondroitin sulfate (samples S2 and S4) as contaminants. In addition, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was useful for qualitative detection on the sample's purity. These results suggest that the tools of heparinase I and chondroitinase ABC in combination with NMR spectroscopy would give very useful information for investigation of heparin contaminants such as oversulfated chondroitin sulfate and dermatan sulfate in heparin samples.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.245-251
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• 1994

In order to determine sodium chondroitin sulfate in the mixture, chondroitinase ABC was used for enzymatic reaction. The procedure was rapid, simple, quantitative and the HPLC analysis of ${\Delta}Di-6S$(2-actamido-2-deoxy-3-0-(${\beta}$-D-gluco-4-enepyranosyluronic acid)-6-0-sulfo-D-galactose) in the sodium chondroitin sulfate was obtained. The absorbance was measured at 230nm and detection limit was $1{\mu}g/ml$. When we applied this method to the drugs(capsule, opthalmic solution), it gave the mean contents of $100.01{\pm}1.58%$ and $99.89{\pm}1.80%$ respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.945-949
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• 1994

Chondroitin sulfate (Chs) contents in edible snail , Achatina fulica Bowdich , andits processed meat extracts were determined by high-performance liquid chormatogrpahy(HPLC) and spectrophotometric method. Spectrophotometric method was based on the precipitation of acriflavine by ChS, and HPLC method was based on the detection of two unsaturated disaccharides, 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O-($\beta$ -D-gluco-4-enepyranosyluronic acid)-4-O-sulfo-D-galactose($\Delta$Di-4S) and 2-acetamido-2deoxy-3-O-($\beta$-D-gluco-4-eepyranosyluronic acid)-6-O-sulfo-D-galactose ($\Delta$야-6S) librated from ChS byenzymeatic digestion with chondroitinase ABc. the ratio of 125$\mu$mol of sodium hydroxide to mg of ChS and 8$0^{\circ}C$ of reaction temperature were proper for alkaline hydrolysis to remove protein residue form ChS. In assay preparation for HPLC ethod, the iptimum concentration of the enzyme chondroitinase ABc was 0.15 unit per 50 $\mu\textrm{g}$ of ChS at a fixed reaction time (30 min) and pH 8.0 using Tris buffer. ChS content in edible snail was 177.6mg% by spectrophotometric method and 153.5mg% by HPLC method and those in the processed meat extract was 71.3mg% by spectrometric method ad 62.8mg% by HPLC method, respectively.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.872-877
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• 2009

By-products of marine organisms including salmon, skate, flatfish, and yellow goosefish were investigated to search for new source of chondroitin sulfate (CS). Agarose gel electrophoresis with chondroitinase depolymerization showed that purified chondroitin sulfate did not contain any other glycosaminoglycans. 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra were acquired to confirm the structure and purity. The average molecular weight ranging from 22 to 64 kDa was determined by high performance size exclusion chromatography. Disaccharide compositions and purities were determined by strong anion exchange-high performance liquid chromatography (SAX-HPLC) after chondroitinase ABC depolymerization. SAX-HPLC data exhibited that the purity was from $81.7{\pm}1.3$ to $114.2{\pm}2.5%$ and the yield was from 1.3 to 12.5%. All analytical results indicate that salmon cartilage, skate cartilage, and yellow goosefish bone could be promising sources of CS to substitute shark cartilage CS in commercial neutraceuticals.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.211-221
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• 2010

Proteoglycan is highly hydrophilic and negatively charged which enable them attract the water. The objective of study was to investigate the effects of Proteoglycan on microtensile bond strength of dentin adhesives and on architecture of dentin collagen matrix of acid etched dentin by removing the chondroitin sulphate attached on Proteoglycan. A flat dentin surface in mid-coronal portion of tooth was prepared. After acid etching, half of the specimens were immersed in 0.1 U/mL chondroitinase ABC (C-ABC) for 48 h at $37^{\circ}C$, while the other half were stored in distilled water. Specimens were bonded with the dentin adhesive using three different bonding techniques (wet, dry and re-wet) followed by microtensile bond strength test. SEM examination was done with debonded specimen, resin-dentin interface and acid-etched dentin surface with/without C-ABC treatment. For the subgroups using wet-bonding or dry-bonding technique, microtensile bond strength showed no significant difference after C-ABC treatment (p > 0.05). Nevertheless, the subgroup using rewetting technique after air dry in the Single Bond 2 group demonstrated a significant decrease of microtensile bond strength after C-ABC treatment. Collagen architecture is loosely packed and some fibrils are aggregated together and relatively collapsed compared with normal acid-etched wet dentin after C-ABC treatment. Further studies are necessary for the contribution to the collagen architecture of noncollagenous protein under the various clinical situations and several dentin conditioners and are also needed about long-term effect on bond strength of dentin adhesive.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.555-558
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• 1998

chondroitin sulfates were isolated from the mud snail. For the quantitative analysis of enzymatic digestion products of isolated chondroitin sulfates, strong anion exchange-high performance liquid chromatography (SAX-HPLC) was performed. by the action of chondroitinase ABC, three unsaturated disaccharides$ 2-acetamide-2-deoxy-3-O-({\beta}-D-gluco-4-enepyranosyluronic acid)-D-galactose $$({\Delta}Di-OS), $2-acetamide-2-deoxy-3-O-({\beta}-D-gluco-4-enepyranosyluronic acid)-6-O-sulfo-D-galactose ({\Delta}Di-6S) and 2-acetamide-2-deoxy-3-O-({\beta}-D-gluco-4-enepyranosyluronic acid)-4-O-sulfo-D-galactose ({\Delta}Di-4S)$ were produced from the mud snail chondroitin sulfates. The analysis showed that relative proportion of ${\Delta}Di-OS/{\Delta}Di-6S/{\Delta}Di-4S$ was 58.7/3.1/38.2. The immunomodulating activity of chondroitin sulfate was examined by cell proliferation assay and these results suggest that it might be a immunosuppressant.