• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.233-243
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• 2016

This study examined the antioxidant activity and lipid composition of rats fed a high fat-high cholesterol diet containing Salvia plebeia water extract. Three levels (50 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg) of Salvia plebeia water extract were administered to seven weeks old male Sprague Dawley rats for four weeks. The activity of glutathione peroxidase in serum was high in all groups that received the Salvia plebeia water extract (p<0.05). The glutathione reductase activity was high (p<0.05) in groups that received 50 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg of Salvia plebeia water extract. When rats received Salvia plebeia water extract, the content of MDA (malondialdehyde) in the serum and liver was low in all groups. In addition, the serum total lipid, triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol contents decreased significantly (p<0.05). Total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the liver were significantly lower in the group that received the Salvia plebeia water extract than in the control group (p<0.05). Salvia plebeia water extract improves lipid metabolism and it almost meets with the increase of antioxidant activity and peroxide formation reduction. Based on these results, supplemented of a high fat-hypercholesterol diet with Salvia plebeia can increase antioxidant activity and depress peroxide formation in serum, as well as liver cholesterol and triglycerides.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.191-197
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• 2009

This study investigated the effects to lowering hyperlipidemic levels in hamsters by feeding them naringin and onion extracts. The hyperlipidemic levels on all of the hamsters were raised by feeding them with high fat atherogenic diet (HFAD) containing 10% coconut oil and 0.05% cholesterol. The experimental groups were randomly assigned to 5 groups (normal, control, OEN, OES, and OESN) each 6 hamsters over a 40 days period. The control group (HFAD) received a 10% coconut oil and 0.05% cholesterol with basal diet, the OEN group which received an onion extract mixture contaning 50% water and 50% onion extract, the OES group which received 100% onion extract, the OESN group which received 100% onion extract combined with 1% naringin. Serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels significantly decreased in the naringin treated group while the HDL cholesterol level increased. On the other hand, the morphology of the mitochondria and nuclei found in the livers of the treated group given naringin were siginficantly different when compared to those group given high fat diets. In conclusion, onion extract with naringin decreased cholesterol levels in hamster's livers.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.77-89
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• 1993

Effects of fermented milk were tested in Sprague-Dawley male rats. In six treatment 150 rats were fed for 12 months: (1) normal control synthetic pellets+water, (2) cholesterol control synthetic pellets containing 1% of cholesterol and 500, 000 IU of vitamin D2/100 g (cholesterol pellets) +water, (3) cholesterol pellets+25% fermented milk, (4) cholesterol pellets+50% fermented milk, (5) cholesterol pellets+75% fermented milk, (6) cholesterol pellets+100% fermented milk. In 3, 6, 9, 12 months, rats were sacrificed for analysis of samples. Rats received the fermented milk had significantly lower (p<0.05) serum cholesterol levels and higher ratios of HDL-cholesterol to total cholesterol than did the water fed rats. Stomach, heart, abdominal aorta and kidney of rat from fermented milk group showed slighter calcification or necrosis than did those of rat from cholesterol control group. Weight gain, diet intake, and drink consumption were significantly different among groups. Results indicate that fermented milk had a helpful effect of experimental hypercholesteremia and atherosclerosis.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.131-134
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• 2001

Effects of water-soluble extract from roasted-chicory root on the cholesterol metabolism in rats fed cholesterol diet were investigated. Sprague-Dawley rats received a hypercholesterolemic diets without (control group) or with 5.0% water-soluble extract from roasted chicory root for 2 weeks. Roasted chicory extract group showed significantly higher body weight gain and food intake compared with the control group. The concentrations of total cholesterol and LDL+VLDL cholesterol in serum were significantly lower in rats fed roasted chicory extract diet. However, HDL-cholesterol concentration, and atherogenic index were not significantly affected by the dietary roasted chicory extract. Fecal net weight, fecal cholesterol, and bile acid excretion were significantly higher in the chicory extract group. The results suggest that the hypocholesterolemic effect in rats fed roasted chicory extract may be caused by an alteration in the absorption of cholesterol by an increase in the fecal excretion of cholesterol and bile acid.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.71-78
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• 1969

This experiment was conducted for 4 weeks to compare the feeding values of dried meal of Russian Comfrey and Kale as green feeds with Acacia leaf meal and Ladino clover meal, and to investigate the effects of feeding these on the total cholesterol in blood serum and liver fat content. Seventy-five male chicks of Single Comb White Leghorn were allotted into 5 treatments. Fifteen birds in each treatment were received Russian Comfrey meal, Kale meal, Acasia leaf meal, Ladino clover meal or no dried meal, respectively. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. No significant differences were recognized between the treatments and control in the growth rate, feed consumption, feed efficiency, utilization of nutrients, nitrogen retention and metabolizable energy value. 2. Carotene content in Russian Comfrey and Kale has been decreased as the growing stage advanced, and the leaves of both vegetable contained significantly (p<0.01) more carotene than that in stems. Vitamin C content of leaves was also signifcantly (p<0.01) higher than that in stems, however, vitamin C content has been increased as the growing stage advanced. 3. Toltal cholesterol content in blood serum of the chickens fed the Acacia leaf meal or Russian Comfrey meal was significantly (p<0.05) lower than Ladino clover meal fed group or those received no green feeds. Kale seems to decrease cholesterol content a little. Above results indicated that Acacia leaf and Russian Comfrey might contain certain substances that would depressing the cholesterol content. 4. No significant differences in the liver fat were discovered among the treatment but it was observed that liver fat was decreased as the cholesterol content increased.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.195-200
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of ${\alpha}$-lipoic acid on body weight and lipid profiles in Sprague-Dawley rats fed a high fat diet (HFD). After 4 weeks of feeding, rats on the HFD were divided into three groups by randomized block design; the first group received the high-fat-diet (n = 10), and the second group received the HFD administered with 0.25% ${\alpha}$-lipoic acid (0.25LA), and the third group received the high-fat diet with 0.5% ${\alpha}$-lipoic acid (0.5LA). The high fat diet with ${\alpha}$-lipoic acid supplemented groups had significantly inhibited body weight gain, compared to that in the HFD group (P < 0.05). Organ weights of rats were also significantly reduced in liver, kidney, spleen, and visible fat tissues in rats supplemented with ${\alpha}$-lipoic acid (P < 0.05). Significant differences in plasma lipid profiles, such as total lipids, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein, were observed between the HFD and 0.5LA groups. The atherogenic index and the plasma high density lipoprotein-cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio improved significantly with ${\alpha}$-lipoic acid supplementation in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). Total hepatic cholesterol and total lipid concentration decreased significantly in high fat fed rats supplemented with ${\alpha}$-lipoic acid in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05), whereas liver triglyceride content was not affected. In conclusion, ${\alpha}$-lipoic acid supplementation had a positive effect on weight gain and plasma and liver lipid profiles in rats.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.271-278
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• 2014

Rubus coreanus has been used as a traditional medicine in Asia because of its various pharmacological properties. This study examined the effects of protocatechuic acid (PCA), one of phenolic compounds derived from R. coreanus on the lipid metabolism in high cholesterol diet-induced mice. A total of 30 male C57BL/6 mice were divided into 5 groups with 6 mice in each group as follows: (1) Control mice received normal diet (ND). (2) Mice received high-cholesterol diet (HCD) plus water, 10% sucrose solution and treated daily oral phosphate-buffered-saline (PBS) of equal volumes through gavage. (3) Mice received HCD and treated daily with 25 mg/kg b.w./day of PCA (4) with 50 mg/kg b.w./day or (5) with 10 mg/kg b.w./day of simvastatin via oral gavage for 12 weeks. Body weights were measured weekly for a period of experiment. After treatment, liver, thymus, spleen and kidney were harvested and weighed, and the lipid metabolite profiles (total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-c), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-c) and liver-damaging markers (GOT and GPT) in serum were examined. PCA significantly reduced the total cholesterol, TG, LDL-c level and increased the HDL-c level. PCA administration also significantly reduced the levels of GOT and GPT. These results indicate that the PCA could be used as a functional material for lowering lipid and an adjuvant for the treatment of hyperlipemia.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.371-378
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• 2014

This study was designed to investigate the antihyperlipidemic activity of aqueous extracts of Kyeongokgo (KOG), Kyeongokgo Dansambang (KDB), and Kyeongokgo Gamibang (KGB) on the hyperlipidemic rats induced by high-fat diet. The animals were divided into 4 groups of the hyperlipidemic control group, the KOG-fed group, the KDB-fed group and the KGB-fed group, and received oral administration of each prescription with diet for a period of six weeks. The changes in the body weight, the amount of food intake, the liver weight, the epididymal fat weight, and the plasma levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were measured. In all experimental groups, the weight of liver and epididymal fat decreased significantly. There was a significant decrease in the amount of food intake, the weight of liver and epididymal fat, the plasma level of total cholesterol, and HDL-cholesterol in the KDB-fed and the KGB-fed groups. In addition, KGB-fed group represented a significant decrease in the triglyceride. These results suggest that the aqueous extracts of Kyeongokgo Dansambang and Kyeongokgo Gamibang have a good antihyperlipidemic activity and a potential to treat hyperlipidemia.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.142-149
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• 2016

This study was designed to investigate the antihyperlipidemic activity of Fermented Rhus Verniciflua Stokes Extract(FRVSE) on diet-induced hyperlipidemia in rats. The animals were divided into 4 groups of the normal group(fed with normal diet), control group(fed with high fat diet), sample A group(fed with high fat diet and medicated FRVSE 192 ㎎/㎏/day), sample B group(fed with high fat diet and medicated FRVSE 384 ㎎/㎏/day), and received oral administration of each prescription with diet for a period of six weeks. The changes in the body weight, the liver weight, the epididymal fat weight, and the plasma levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride(TG), high density lipoprotein(HDL) cholesterol and low density lipoprotein(LDL) cholesterol were measured. In sample A group, the weight of liver and plasma level of TG decreased significantly. There was a significant decrease in the plasma level of total cholesterol, TG and LDL cholesterol in the sample B group. These results suggest that the FRVSE have a good antihyperlipidemic activity and a potential to treat hyperlipidemia.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.676-682
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• 2000

The effect of dandelion leaf extracts on lipid metabolism was investigated in high cholesterol-fed rats. Four groups of rats were given a high cholesterol diet containing 10g cholesterol/kg and 2.5 g sodium cholate/kg for 6 weeks. The control group received without dandelion leaf extracts and the other three groups received with one of dandelion leaf extracts (water, ethyl acetate, ether), respectively. Weight gain and feed intake were significantly higher in water group than control group. Serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, cholesteryl ester, chylomicron and VLDL-cholesterol concentratins were lower, whereas HDL-cholesterol and phospholipid concentrations were significantly higher in dandelion leaf extract supplemented-groups than control group. Dandelion extract increased HDL-C/total-C ratio and lowered atherogenic index. Hepatic triglyceride, total cholesterol, free cholesterol and cholesteryl ester concentrations lowered in dandelion leaf extract groups compared to control group. Especially, hepatic triglyceride and free cholesterol levels were lower in ethyl acetate extract group than in water and ether extract groups. Dandelion leaf extract supplements did not affect hepatic phospholipid cencentration. Hepatic HMG-CoA reductase activity was significantly lower in water extract group than the others. ACAT activity was significantly decreased by dandelion extract supplements.