• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.201-219
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• 2007

Objectives : We studied Effects of Hagocho(prunella vulgaris L.), Gamgook(chrysanthemum indicum L.) and Galgeun(pueraria Radix) aqua-acupuncture on the hyperlipidemic rat. methods : We investigated lowering lipid effect, oxidative capacity, concentration of TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6, Leptin and histological consideration in hyperlipidemic rat. Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing about 400g were divided into 5 groups of control, Ⅰ: Hagocho (prunella vulgaris L.)+Gamgook (chrysanthemum indicum L.) and Gokji aqua-acupuncture, Ⅱ: Hagocho(prunella vulgaris L.)+Gamgook (chrysanthemum indicum L.) and Joksamri aqua-acupuncture, Ⅲ: Hagocho(prunella vulgaris L.)+Galgeun(pueraria Radix)and Gokji aqua-acupuncture and Ⅳ: Hagocho (prunella vulgaris L.)+Galgeun(pueraria Radix) and Joksamri aqua-acupuncture. Results : Contents of plasma ${\beta}$-lipoprotein, contents of IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$ and leptin, Plasma triglyceride and glucose, plasma total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol, liver total cholesterol, liver triglyceride, plasma and liver TBARS, free fatty acids showed a tendency to decrease in the aqua-acupuncture groups compared to those of control group. The activities of GOT and GPT showed no significantly different in all treatment groups. Values of super oxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase activity showed a tendency to increase in the aqua-acupuncture groups. Histological consideration of heart, kidney and liver in the aqua-acupuncture groups showed slight vasodilation and fat accumulation compared to those of normal rat. Conclusions : These results indicated that prunella vulgaris L., chrysanthemum indicum L. and pueraria Radix aqua-acupuncture at gokji(LI11) and Joksamri(ST36) suppressed adipose tissue mass and lipid peroxidation and increased antioxidant system in hyperlipidemic rat.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.499-504
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• 2012

We analyzed the contents of ${\gamma}$-oryzanol, which is contained in brown rice of the nation rice varieties Chucheong, Heukjinju and Sindongjin, by HPLC. Furthermore we also performed experiments on its biological activity, to prove the effectiveness of rice bran. The contents of ${\gamma}$-oryzanol contained in hulled rice showed 1,587 ppm for Heukjinju, followed by Chucheong(1,038 ppm), and by Sindongjin(472 ppm). In anti-oxidative activity, we performed an experiment, by measuring the radical scavenging activity of DPPH. Heukjinju showed the best effect, and Chucheong showed the worst effect. In cholesterol lowering activity, Heukjinju showed the best activity and Sindongjin showed the worst effect. In anti-bacterial activity as well, Heukjinju showed the best activity, and Sindongjin showed the worst effect. Through these experiments, we compared the contents of ${\gamma}$-oryzanol, which is contained in hulled rice(Chucheong, Heukjinju, Sindongjin). Also, we found the anti-oxidation effect, cholesterol lowering effect, and anti-bacterial activity of the ${\gamma}$-oryzanol extracts. Based on our research, we expect that ${\gamma}$-oryzanol can work as a new drug, or nutritional supplement.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.1014-1019
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• 2004

Effects of kimchi lactic acid powder (KL) on weight reduction and lipid-lowering activities were studied using rats fed high fat diet. Spraque Dawley (40 rats) were fed 20% (w/w) high fat diet far 8 weeks to induce obesity and divided equally into normal diet (ND), high fat diet (HFD), and 10 and 20% KL-added groups. Body weight of HFD was 150% (p<0.01) of ND, while those of HFK10 and HFK20 decreased by 13 and 15% compared to HFD, respectively (p<0.01). Amounts of visceral fats for HFK10 and HFK20 were decreased by 42 and 48% compared to that of HFD (198% of ND), respectively (p<0.01). B had greater effect on reducing visceral fats than body weight. Plasma triglyceride (155%), cholesterol (129%), and LDL (161%) concentrations of HFD, which had been significantly increased compared to ND, dropped by 26, 9, and 8% (p<0.01) in HFK10, and 35, 17, and 33% (p<0.05) in HFK20, respectively. Decreased HDL by high fat diet was re-increased by KL supplementation. KL showed lipid-lowering and liver-protecting effects in liver possibly by interrupting lipid absorption in the intestine either by absorbing lipids in their cell walls or degrading them rapidly. Increased excretion of TG and cholesterol in feces of HFK10 and HFK20 indicates KL might have similar role to dietary fiber.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.408-417
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• 1990

To compare the hypolipidemic effect of n6 linoleic acid n3 $\alpha$-linolenic acid and n3 eicosapentaenoic acid plus docosahexaenoic acid, male Sprague Dawley rats weighing about 450g were fed the experimental diets for 6 weeks which composed of fat at 15%(W/W) level and were different only in dietary PUFA. Dietary fat was corn oil, perilla oil, and fish oil concentrate as a source of n6 linoleic acid, n3 $\alpha$-linolenic acid, and n3 eicosapentaenoic acid+docosahexaenoic acid, respectively. Plasma total Chol and HDL-chol levels were significantly-lower in fish oil group than in corn oil and erilla oil groups. Plasma cholesterol lowering effect of PUFa was in the order of n3 EPA+DHA>n3 $\alpha$-linolenic acid>n6 linoleic acid. Plasma TG was significantly lower in both fish oil and perilla oil groups than in corn oil group. Plasma TG-lowering effect was greater by n3 PUFA (EPA+DHA, $\alpha$-linolenic acid) than by n6 PUFA(linoleic acid). However, there were no significant effects on lipoprotein pattern hemolysis, and the levels of tocopherol and malondialdehyde in plasma and RBC by difference dietary fat with sufficient tocopherol supplement. Liver superoxide dismutase activity was significantly increased in proportion to the degree of fat unsaturation, thereby resulted in the lower level of MDA in fish oil group. In conclusion, fish oil and perilla oil rich in n3 PUFA may have important nutritional applications in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic disease.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.191-197
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• 2009

This study investigated the effects to lowering hyperlipidemic levels in hamsters by feeding them naringin and onion extracts. The hyperlipidemic levels on all of the hamsters were raised by feeding them with high fat atherogenic diet (HFAD) containing 10% coconut oil and 0.05% cholesterol. The experimental groups were randomly assigned to 5 groups (normal, control, OEN, OES, and OESN) each 6 hamsters over a 40 days period. The control group (HFAD) received a 10% coconut oil and 0.05% cholesterol with basal diet, the OEN group which received an onion extract mixture contaning 50% water and 50% onion extract, the OES group which received 100% onion extract, the OESN group which received 100% onion extract combined with 1% naringin. Serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels significantly decreased in the naringin treated group while the HDL cholesterol level increased. On the other hand, the morphology of the mitochondria and nuclei found in the livers of the treated group given naringin were siginficantly different when compared to those group given high fat diets. In conclusion, onion extract with naringin decreased cholesterol levels in hamster's livers.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.157-162
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the ethanol extract of Cynanchum wilfordii (ECW) on the blood lipid profile of hypercholesterolemic rats. Thirty 7-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were allowed free access to either a normal diet (AIN-93 diet), or 1% high-cholesterol diet with or without 0.5% or 1% ECW for 5 weeks. After sacrifice, the rat serum lipid profile was analyzed. The diets containing ECW decreased body weight gains compared to the normal diet. Serum HDL-cholesterol levels of ECW-fed groups were significantly increased in the hypercholesterolemic groups and normal groups (P<0.05). When 1% ECW was fed to the normal group, total cholesterol level was increased. Moreover, treatment of ECW in hypercholesterolemic groups yielded a dose-dependent and highly significant decrease in the atherogenic index as compared to the control. These results suggest that intake of Cynanchum wilfordii may help reduce the risks of hypercholesterolemia by increasing blood HDL-cholesterol and lowering the atherogenic index.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.227-234
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• 1999

An association of low total cholesterol in blood with psychiatric diseases and suicidal behavior has been suggested. As part of an attempt to further explore this relationship, we examine first, whether serum cholesterol levels in psychiatric patients with suicidal attempt would be lower than in non-suicidal psychiatric inpatients or normal controls, second, whether such significant difference of cholesterol levels would be present when the diagnostic groups are analyzed separately, third, whether low cholesterol level would be associated with a history of serious suicidal attempts, and finally, whether low cholesterol level in suicide attempters is a state or a trait marker. We determined the serum cholesterol levels in 231 patients admitted to an emergency room following an suicidal attempt, in the same numbers of age-, sex- and diagnosis- matched non-suicidal psychiatric controls, and in the same numbers of age-, sex matched normal controls. The seriousness of an attempt was divided into 5 grades according to the degree of the resulting medical injury. Total cholesterol levels in suicide attempters were significantly lower compared with both psychiatric and normal controls, when sex, age, and nutritional status (i.e., body mass index) were controlled for. This significant relationship was observed in major depressive disorders and personality disorders, but not in schizophrenia and bipolar type I disorders. The severity of suicide by a lowering of blood cholesterol was related to the magnitude of the cholesterol reduction. After treatment of their psychiatric ailments, the cholesterol levels in suicide attempters were significantly increased. This result suggests that low cholesterol level in psychiatric patients might be a potential biological marker of suicide risk. It is hypothesized that low cholesterol levels is associated with the suicide by modifying the serotonin metabolism, the production of interleukin-2 and melatonin metabolism in psychiatric patients.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.188-192
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• 1996

닭을 실험모델로 Pinus strobus 잎의 메탄올 추출물 투여에 의한 콜레스테롤 저하효과를 검토하였다. 닭에 메탄올 추출물 100mg을 50% 에탄올용액 0.5ml에 녹여 2주간 매일 경구투여하였을 때, 유의한 추출물의 투여효과는 관찰되지 않았다. 두 번째 실험에서는 메탄올 추출물의 투여량을 하루 200, 350 또는 50mg으로 달리하여 2주간 경구투여하였다. 2주 후 하루 200mg을 투여한 군은 다른 군에 비하여 유의하게 낮은 혈청 콜레스테롤 농도를 나타내었으나, 투여량의 증가에 의한 부가적인 저하효과는 관찰되지 않았다. 메탄올 추출물은 여러 가지 추출용매로 재분획되었다. 그 중에서 에틸아세테이트 추출물(100mg/일)은 혈청 콜레스테롤 농도를 20%까지 감소시켰다. 이러한 결과로부터 Pinus strobus 잎의 메탄올 추출물의 투여는 닭에서 혈청 콜레스테롤 농도 저하의 개선효과가 있음이 시사된다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 1983

Sprague-Dawley계(系) 숫놈 흰쥐에게 석이버섯 분말을 사료에 첨가 (0.5%, 1.0%, 3.0%, 5.0%, (群)) 하여 6주간 사육한후 혈장 및 간장중에 콜레스테롤의 변화(變化)를 측정(測定)한 결과 다음과 같다. 1) 석이버섯 분말 첨가군에 있어 기본식이군이나 대조군에 비하여 체중증가나 사료섭취량에 특별한 차이나 영향을 나타내지 않았다. 2) 그러나 혈장 및 간장지질량, 혈장 및 간장콜레스테롤치에 있어서는 현저하게 저하했음을 보였다. 3) 이러한 저하(低下)는 첨가량 증가에 따라 저하율이 뚜렸했으나 간지질량 측정에서 3.0% 첨가군이 가장 효과를 나타냈다.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.852-857
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• 2008

The effects of Bulnesia sarmienti water extract on lipid metabolism were investigated in type-1 diabetes rats. The rats were fed a basal diet and B. sarmienti water extract for 8 weeks. The rats were randomly assigned to each treatment group: normal, control, three kinds of treatment group (BWO: 0.45 mg/ml, BW1: 0.9 mg/ml, BW2: 1.8 mg/ml). After 8 weeks of experimental diets consumption, the body weights and food efficiency ratio of B. sarmienti water extract fed groups were not change with those in the control group. The concentration in plasma total-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride were significantly decrease in the B. sarmienti water extract groups compared with those in the control group. Although it was not possible to observe blood glucose control effects of eight weeks of B. sarmienti water extract feeds in type-1 diabetes model, it was discovered that the feeds are highly effective in lowering the levels of blood lipid substances triglycerides, total-cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol.