Preventive Nutrition and Food Science

The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition (한국식품영양과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effects of the Cynanchum wilfordii Ethanol Extract on the Serum Lipid Profile in Hypercholesterolemic Rats

  • Lee, Hye-Sung (Department of Culinary Science and Food Service Management, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Choi, Jun-Hyeok (Department of Food Science, Keimyung University) ;
  • Kim, Young-Eon (Division of Metabolism and Functionality Research, Functionality Evaluation Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute) ;
  • Kim, In-Ho (Division of Metabolism and Functionality Research, Functionality Evaluation Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute) ;
  • Kim, Byoung-Mok (Division of Metabolism and Functionality Research, Functionality Evaluation Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute) ;
  • Lee, Chang-Ho (Division of Metabolism and Functionality Research, Functionality Evaluation Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute)
  • Received : 2013.02.18
  • Accepted : 2013.08.16
  • Published : 2013.09.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the ethanol extract of Cynanchum wilfordii (ECW) on the blood lipid profile of hypercholesterolemic rats. Thirty 7-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were allowed free access to either a normal diet (AIN-93 diet), or 1% high-cholesterol diet with or without 0.5% or 1% ECW for 5 weeks. After sacrifice, the rat serum lipid profile was analyzed. The diets containing ECW decreased body weight gains compared to the normal diet. Serum HDL-cholesterol levels of ECW-fed groups were significantly increased in the hypercholesterolemic groups and normal groups (P<0.05). When 1% ECW was fed to the normal group, total cholesterol level was increased. Moreover, treatment of ECW in hypercholesterolemic groups yielded a dose-dependent and highly significant decrease in the atherogenic index as compared to the control. These results suggest that intake of Cynanchum wilfordii may help reduce the risks of hypercholesterolemia by increasing blood HDL-cholesterol and lowering the atherogenic index.

Keywords

References

  1. Ahmed F, Waslien C, Al-Sumaie M. 2012. Trends and risk factors of hypercholesterolemia among Kuwaiti adults: National nutrition surveillance data from 1998 to 2009. Nutrition 28: 917-923. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2011.12.012
  2. Basu S, McKee M, Galea G, Stuckler D. 2013. Relationship of soft drink consumption to global overweight, obesity, and diabetes: A Cross-National Analysis of 75 Countries. Am J public health doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2012.300974.
  3. KCDC. 2010. Korea national health and nutrition examination survey (KNHANES V-1). Korea centers for disease control and prevention, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea.
  4. Sang CJ, Yong TJ, Byung KY, Rezuanul I, Sundar RK, Gerald P, Kai YC, Chi HS. 2009. White button mushroom (Agarieus bisporus) lowers blood glucose and cholesterol levels in diabetic and hypercholesterolemic rats. Nutr Res 30: 49-56.
  5. Pyorala K, De Backer G, Graham I, Poole-Wilson P, Wood D. 1994. Prevention of coronary heart disease in clinical practice: recommendations of the task force of the European society of cardiology, European atherosclerosis society and European society of hypertension. Eur Heart J 15: 1300-1331. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a060388
  6. Sacks FM, Pfeffer MA, Moye LA, Rouleau JL, Rutherford JD, Cole TG, Brown L, Warnica JW, Arnold JM, Wun CC, Davis BR, Braunwald E. 1996. The effect of pravastatin on coronary events after myocardial infarction in patients with average cholesterol levels. N Engl J Med 335: 1001-1009. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199610033351401
  7. Shepherd J, Cobbe SM, Ford I, Isles CG, lorimer R, Macfariane PW, McKoillop JH, Packard CJ. 1995. Prevention of coronary heart disease with pravastatin in men with hypercholesterolemia. N Engl J Med 333: 1301-1308. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199511163332001
  8. Cannon CP, Braunwald E, McCabe CH, Rader DJ, Rouleau JL, Belder R, Joyal SV, Hill KA, Pfeffer MA, Skene AM. 2004. Intensive versus moderate lipid lowering with statins after acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med 350: 1495-1504. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa040583
  9. Nissen SE, Tuzcu EM, Schoenhagen P, Brown BG, Ganz P, Vogel RA, Crowe T, Howard G, Cooper CJ, Brodie B, Grines CL, DeMaria AN. 2004. Effect of intensive compared with moderate lipid-lowering therapy on progression of coronary atherosclerosis. JAMA 291: 1071-1080. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.291.9.1071
  10. Hodel C. 2002. Myopathy and rhabdomyolysis with lipidlowering drugs. Toxicol Lett 128: 159-168. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4274(02)00010-3
  11. Moosmann B, Behl C. 2004. Selenoprotein synthesis and side-effects of statins. Lancet 363: 892-894. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(04)15739-5
  12. Jeppesen U, Gaist D, Smith T, Sindrup SH. 1999. Statins and peripheral neuropathy. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 54: 835-838. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002280050562
  13. Omar MA, Wilson JP. 2002. FDA adverse event reports on statin-associated rhabdomyolysis. Ann Pharmacother 36: 288-295. https://doi.org/10.1345/aph.1A289
  14. Phan T, McLeod JG, Pollard JD, Peiris O, Rohan A, Halpern JP. 1995. Peripheral neuropathy associated with simvastatin. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 58: 625-628. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.58.5.625
  15. Chong PH, Boskovich A, Stevkovic N, Bartt RE. 2004. Statin-associated peripheral neuropathy: Review of the literature. Pharmacotherapy 24: 1194-1203. https://doi.org/10.1592/phco.24.13.1194.38084
  16. Baker SK, Tarnopolsky MA. 2001. Statin myopathies: pathophysiologic and clinical perspectives. Clin Invest Med 24: 258-272.
  17. Shan L, Jiu RH, Shen YH, Zhang WD, Zhang C, Wu DZ, Su J, Xu XK. 2006. Gastroprotective effect of a traditional Chinese herbal drug "Baishouwu" on experimental gastric lesions in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 3: 389-394.
  18. Kim HS. 2004. Effects of Cynanchum wilfordii extract on serum lipid components and enzyme activities in hyperlipidemic and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Korean J of Human Ecology 7: 1-11.
  19. Choi DH, Lee YJ, Kim EJ, Li X, Kim HY, Hwang SM, Yoon JJ, Lee SM, Min EK, Kang DG, Lee HS. 2010. Ethanol extract of Cynanchum wilfordii produces endothelium-dependent relaxation in rat aorta and anti-inflammatory activity in human aortic smooth muscle cells. Journal of Korean Oriental Medicine 31: 45-57.
  20. Yoon MY, Choi NH, Min BS, Choi GJ, Choi YH, Jang KS, Han SS, Cha BC, Kim JC. 2011. Potent in vivo antifungal activity against powdery mildews of pregnane glycosides from the roots of Cynanchum wilfordii. J Agric Food Chem 59: 12210- 12216. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf2039185
  21. Reeves PG, Nielsen FG, Fahey GC Jr. 1993. AIN-93 purified diets for laboratory rodents: final report of the American institute of nutrition ad hoc writing committee on the reformulation of the AIN-76A rodent diet. J Nutr 123: 1939-1951. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/123.11.1939
  22. Anderson JW, Jones AE, Riddel-Mason S. 1994. Ten different dietary fibers have significantly different effects on serum and liver lipids of cholesterol-fed rats. J Nutr 124: 78-83. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/124.1.78
  23. Kim HS. 2004. Effects of Cynanchum wilfordii extract on serum lipid components and enzyme activities in hyperlipidemic and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Korean J Human Ecology 7: 1-11.
  24. Kannel WB. 2000. The Framingham study: Its 50-year legacy and future promise. J Atheroscler Thromb 6: 60-66. https://doi.org/10.5551/jat1994.6.60
  25. Tapsell LC, Gillen LJ, Patch CS, Batterham M, Owen A, Bare M, Kennedy M. 2004. Including walnuts in low-fat/ modified-fat improves HDL-cholesterol-to-total cholesterol ratios in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 12: 2777-2783.
  26. Barter P, Gotto AM, LaRosa JC, Maroni J, Szarek M, Grundy SM, Kastelein JJ, Bittner V, Fruchart JC. 2007. HDL cholesterol, very low levels of LDL cholesterol, and cardiovascular events. N Eng J Med 357: 1301-1310. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa064278
  27. Scandinaviasn Simvastin Survival Study Group. 1994. Randomised trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). Lancet 344: 1383-1389.
  28. Downs JR, Clearfield M, Weis S, Whitney E, Shapiro DR, Beere PA, Langendorfer A, Stein EA, Kruyer W, Gotto AM. 1998. Primary prevention of acute coronary events with lovastatin in men and women with average cholesterol levels. JAMA 279: 1615-1622. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.279.20.1615
  29. Whitney E, Rolfes SR. 2005. Understanding nutrition. 10th ed. Thomson Wadsworth, Belmont, CA, USA. p 622-623.
  30. Assmann G, Schulte H, Eckardstein AV, Huang Y. 1996. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol as a predictor of coronary heart disease risk: the PROCAM experience and pathophysiological implications for reverse cholesterol transport. Atherosclerosis 124: S11-S20. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9150(96)05852-2
  31. Curb JD, Abbott RD, Rodriguez BL, Masaki K, Chen R, Sharp DS, Tall AR. 2004. A prospective study of HDL-C and cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene mutations and the risk of coronary heart disease in the elderly. J Lipid Res 45: 948-953. https://doi.org/10.1194/jlr.M300520-JLR200
  32. Gordon T, Castelli WP, Hjortland MC, Kannel WB, Dawber TR. 1977. High density lipoprotein as a protective factor against coronary heart disease: the Framingham Study. Am J Med 62: 707-714. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9343(77)90874-9
  33. Sharret AR, Ballabtyne CM, Coady SA, Heiss G, Sorlie PD, Catellier D, Oatsch W. 2001. Coronary heart disease prediction from lipoprotein cholesterol levels, triglycerides, lipoprotein(a), apolipoproteins A-I and B, and HDL density subfractions: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Circulation 104: 1108-1113. https://doi.org/10.1161/hc3501.095214
  34. Chapman MJ. 2006. Therapeutic elevation of HDL-cholesterol to prevent atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. Pharmacol Therapeut 111: 893-908. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.2006.02.003
  35. Castelli WP, Garrison RJ, Wilson PWF, Abbott RD, Kalousdian S, Kannel WB. 1986. Incidence of coronary heart disease and lipoprotein cholesterol Levels. The Framingham Study. JAMA 256: 2835-2838. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1986.03380200073024

Cited by

  1. Immune-Enhancing Effects of a High Molecular Weight Fraction of Cynanchum wilfordii Hemsley in Macrophages and Immunosuppressed Mice vol.8, pp.10, 2016, https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8100600
  2. Discrimination and Proper Use of Polygoni Multiflori Radix, Cynanchi Wilfordii Radix, and Cynanchi Auriculati Radix in Korea: A Descriptive Review vol.2015, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/827380
  3. Effects of the Cnidium Officinale Makino Water Extract on the Lipid Metabolism of Rats Fed a Hypercholesterol Diet vol.26, pp.2, 2015, https://doi.org/10.7856/kjcls.2015.26.2.351
  4. Decoction and Fermentation of Selected Medicinal Herbs Promote Hair Regrowth by Inducing Hair Follicle Growth in Conjunction with Wnts Signaling vol.2016, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/4541580
  5. Extraction of a soluble polysaccharide from Auricularia polytricha and evaluation of its anti-hypercholesterolemic effect in rats vol.122, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.12.041
  6. Cynanchum wilfordii Radix attenuates liver fat accumulation and damage by suppressing hepatic cyclooxygenase-2 and mitogen-activated protein kinase in mice fed with a high-fat and high-fructose diet vol.36, pp.9, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2016.06.007
  7. Effect of Salvia plebeia Water Extract on Antioxidant Activity and Lipid Composition of Rats Fed a High Fat-High Cholesterol Diet vol.27, pp.2, 2016, https://doi.org/10.7856/kjcls.2016.27.2.233
  8. Suppression of VCAM-1 Expression in Human Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells Treated with Ethanol Extracts of Cynanchum wilfordii Radix, Arctium lappa L., and Dioscorea opposita vol.29, pp.5, 2016, https://doi.org/10.7732/kjpr.2016.29.5.525
  9. Cynanchum wilfordii Etanolic Extract Controls Blood Cholesterol: A Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Trial vol.11, pp.4, 2019, https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11040836
  10. Effect of Water Extract from Rubus oldhamii Miq. on Lipid Metabolism and Antioxidant Activity in Rats Fed High Fat Diet vol.30, pp.3, 2013, https://doi.org/10.7856/kjcls.2019.30.3.341
  11. Supplementation with Cynanchum wilfordii radix extract for 8 weeks lowers serum total cholesterol: A controlled, randomized, double‐blind clinical trial vol.34, pp.9, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.6682
  12. rDNA FISH를 이용한 큰조롱과 넓은잎큰조롱의 세포유전학적 연구 vol.28, pp.5, 2020, https://doi.org/10.7783/kjmcs.2020.28.5.325
  13. Mitochondrial plastid DNA can cause DNA barcoding paradox in plants vol.10, pp.None, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-63233-y
  14. Alleviating effects of the mixture of Elaeagnus multiflora and Cynanchum wilfordii extracts on testosterone deficiency syndrome vol.63, pp.4, 2020, https://doi.org/10.3839/jabc.2020.059
  15. Effect of ACG-1, an Extract Blend of Angelica gigas , Cynanchum wilfordii , and Ginkgo biloba , on Blood Circulation Improvement Via Antiplatelet Aggregation and Antihyperlipidemia vol.24, pp.2, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2020.4852
  16. Cynanchum auriculatum Royle ex Wight., Cynanchum bungei Decne. and Cynanchum wilfordii (Maxim.) Hemsl.: Current Research and Prospects vol.26, pp.23, 2013, https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26237065