• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.890-896
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• 2023

This study aims to examine the relationship between serum folic acid levels and metabolic syndrome. The analysis data were downloaded and used for the 7th 3rd (2018) data of the National Health and Nutrition Survey and in this study, 495 men, 706 women, and a total of 1,201 people were finally analyzed. The data analysis used Chi-square and t-test for the difference in serum folic acid according to general characteristics, Pearson correlation for the relationship between sub-factors of metabolic syndrome, and logistic regression analysis for serum folic acid levels and metabolic syndrome indicators. According to the results of this study, there was a significant negative correlation between serum folic acid levels and waist circumference (r=-0.113, p<0.01), triglyceride (r=-0.086, p<0.05), and HDL-cholesterol (r=0.086, p<0.05) showed a significant positive correlation. As a result of regression analysis, in the case of HDL-cholesterol, the group with normal serum folic acid levels was significantly higher than the group with low (p<0.05). Therefore, through this study, it is proposed to develop appropriate eating habits and health education programs to prevent metabolic syndrome.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.716-728
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• 2022

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: An imbalanced adipokine profile in obesity increases the susceptibility to obesity-related cardiometabolic alterations, including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The mulberry plant has been reported to have health benefits, such as hypolipidemic and hepatoprotective effects. This study examined the effects of a mulberry (Morus alba L.) fruit ethanol extract (MBEE) on dyslipidemia, liver steatosis, and adipokine imbalance in response to a high-fat diet. MATERIALS/METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to one of 4 groups containing 6 rats each and fed either a control diet (CON), a high-fat diet (HFD), or a high-fat diet with MBEE of 150 mg/kg/day (LMB) or 300 mg/kg/day (HMB). The triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities were measured spectrophotometrically. The leptin, adiponectin, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) levels were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: The plasma TG levels were similar in the 4 groups. Plasma cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and TC/HDL-C ratio increased in the HFD group compared with the CON group, whereas those values decreased in the LMB group (P < 0.05), indicating that MBEE had a plasma lipid-lowering effect. HDL-C decreased in the HFD group, but MBEE did not affect the HDL-C level. The HFD rats significantly increased hepatic TG and cholesterol levels and plasma ALT and AST activities compared to the CON group. The hepatic TG level and ALT and AST activities were reduced markedly by the MBEE treatment. The HFD group showed a higher PAI-1 level, whereas MBEE treatment, especially in the HMB group, significantly reduced leptin level, and leptin/adiponectin and PAI-1/ adiponectin ratios. These findings suggest that MBEE altered the imbalance between the pro-and anti-inflammatory adipokines to a more anti-inflammatory state. CONCLUSIONS: MBEE could protect against abnormal lipid metabolism and hepatic steatosis induced by a high-fat diet, lowering plasma cholesterol, LDL-C and TC/HDL-C, and hepatic TG. These findings are associated with the regulating effect of MBEE on the leptin/adiponectin and PAI-1/adiponectin ratios.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between nutrient intakes and blood parameters of cardiovascular function in 40 female college students on self-selected diet in Chungnam. Anthropometric measurements, analysis of dietary intakes and blood composition were conducted. Serum levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, CK-MB, and LDH were measured by biochemical analyzer. The results were summarized as follows. The mean age of the subjects was 22.5$\pm$1.2 years. The weight, height and BMI were 52.4$\pm$7.2kg, 161.3$\pm$5.7cm and 20.2$\pm$2.4, respectively. Daily energy and lipid intakes were 1634.2$\pm$ 437.7kcal and 46.8$\pm$17.0g. And the ratio of carbohydrate, protein, and lipid to energy intake was 59.2 : 14.5 : 26.3. Serum concentrations appeared to be 61.1$\pm$ 24.2mg/dl(triglyceride), 141.2$\pm$330.mg/dl(total cholesterol), 64.8$\pm$ 20.1mg/dl(HDL-cholesterol), 64.1$\pm$ 25.4mg/dl(LDL-cholesterol), 7.2$\pm$3.2IU/l (CK-MB), 107.9$\pm$23.4IU/l (LDH). In the relation between nutrient intakes and serum parameters, vitamin $B_1$ intake showed positive correlation with triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, and CK-MB, respectively(p<0.001, p<0.05, p<0.05). Vitamin $B_2$intake had positive correlation with triglyceride(p<0.05). And vitamin C intake had negative correlation with HDL-cholesterol(p<0.05). From these results, it is suggested that the intakes of micro nutrients such as vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_2$, vitamin C have relation with cardiovascular function in female college students. However, further systematic research is needed to investigate the functions of micro nutrients in healthy persons for prevention of chronic diseases.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.47-51
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• 2004

Green tea, which is high in polyphenols, is thought to have hypocholesterolemic effects. The present study was performed to further elucidate the hypocholesterolemic actions of green tea, specially the catechin and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) for their effects on the diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with green tea-free diet (control), diets containing 4% green tea powder (GTP), 1.0% green tea catechin (catechin) or 0.5% epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) for 7 wks. All diets that were provided green tea contained approximately 0.5% EGCG Hypercholesterolemia was induced by adding 1% cholesterol and 0.5% cholic acid to all diets. There were no differences in food intake among groups. The green tea treatments showed significant improvement in the serum levels of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triacylglycerides and atherogenic index in the following order; EGCG>Catechin>GTP (p<0.05). The serum HDL-cholesterol level was highest in the EGCG-treated group. The catechin or EGCG diet up-regulated by 5 times the enzyme activity of hepatic cholesterol 7$\alpha$ -hydroxylase (CYP7Al) compared to control diet (p<0.05). Hepatic CYP7Al mRNA level paralleled tile increases in the CYP7Al activity. These results suggest that the EGCG in the green tea may account for the hypocholesterolemic effect by the induction of CYP7Al gene expression.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.9
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• pp.1120-1125
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• 2008

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of Sophorae fructus extracts on antioxidative potential, free radical generation and the lipid levels in rats. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into 2 groups of either AIN-76 diet (control group) or modified AIN-76 diet with 0.5% Sophorae fructus extracts for 4 weeks. The result were as follows: body weight gain and feed efficiency ratios were not significantly different in both groups. Antioxidative potentials were significantly increased in the group fed Sophorae fructus extracts compared to control group; however, there was no difference in free radical generation. Organ (heart, kidney, liver, spleen) weights in rats were not different in both groups. Total cholesterol level in Sophorae fructus group was significantly decreased compared to control group. Serum HDL-cholesterol level in Sophorae fructus group was significantly higher than control group. Serum phospholipid and triglyceride contents in Sophorae fructus group were no different from control group. These results suggest that supplementation of Sophorae fructus extracts may beneficially contribute to the effects of antioxidative potential and lipid levels in rats.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.4 s.84
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• pp.529-534
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• 2007

The effects of dietary eggs on liver and serum lipids, serum protein and mineral concentrations, and enzyme activities in male rats were studied. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed four types of diets for 4 weeks, respectively: a control diet, a control diet supplemented with 5, 10 or 15% eggs powder. In rats fed 5, 10 or 15% egg diets the body weight gain, the food intake, the weights of kidney and epididymal fat pad were similar to those in rats fed the control diet. The hepatic weight, hepatic cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations of rats fed the all egg diets were significantly higher than those of rats fed the control diet. The concentrations of total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL+VLDL-cholesterol, triglyceride and phospholipid in the serum of rats fed the all egg diets were similar to those of rats fed the control diet. In the rats fed 5% egg diet the HDL-cholesterol/total-cholesterol ratios was significantly increased, and the atherogenic index was significantly decreased compared with those in the rats fed 10 or 15% egg diets. The serum total protein and albumin concentrations of rats fed 10 or 15% egg diets were significantly increased compared with those of rats fed the control diet. The serum calcium levels of rats fed the all egg diets were significantly increased compared with those of rats fed the control diet. No differences were noted in the concentrations of urea nitrogen, creatinine, glucose and hemoglobin, and activities of GOT, GPT, ${\gamma}-GTP$ and alkaline phosphatase in the serum among the rats with on all the experimental diets. These results showed that the all egg diets feeding increased cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in liver, but no differences lipids and lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations in serum of rats.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.150-160
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• 2001

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of weight loss and the change of serum lipids composition for normal and obese women after sprout raw grains and vegetables diet intake. Diet were given to the subjects which were composed of 11 normal women and 7 obese women for 4 weeks. After diet intake, 4.6% in normal group and 3.5% in obese group were shown weight loss. And the both groups of normal and obese women showed a significant reduction in the thickness of subcutaneous fat and the body girth. Particularly, the waist measure was shown to be remarkably reduced in the normal group (p< 0.0001) and to be reduced in the obese group (p<0.017) significantly. After diet intake. the levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides were reduced in both groups significantly. And in the obese women, HDL-cholesterol level increased 5.7%. As those results, it could be seen that weight and the thickness of subcutaneous fat were reduced and the component of blood serum were improved after diet intake for 4 weeks. Specially, abdomen, waist measures and hip girth were reduced remarkably, so it is considered that the diet is more effective in the diet therapy of obese women with upper obese status.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.284-289
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• 2002

The effects of Okcheonsan powder on the body weights, the organ weights, the blood glucose level, the lipid and protein concentrations of serum and liver in diabetic rats were studied. Female rats (Sprague-Dawley, mean weight 313.6$\pm$18.5 g) were randomly assigned to one normal and two diabetic groups. They were fed experimental diets for 5 weeks. The diabetic groups were divided into the diabetic control (D-control group) and 3% Ok-cheonsan groups (D-Okcheonsan group). Rats were injected with streptozotocin intraperitoneally to induce diabetes. The body weights, the concentrations of total lipid and triglyceride of liver, the concentrations of total protein and albumin of serum in tole D-control and the D-Okcheonsan groups were significantly decreased compared with those in the normal group. The pancreatic weight in the D-control group was significantly more increased than that in the D-Okcheonsan group, but in the D-Okcheonsan group it was similar to that in the normal group. The fasting blood glucose levels and the atherogenic index in all the diabetic groups were significantly higher than those in the normal group. The concentrations of triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol of serum, and the cholesterol of fiver in the D-Okcheonsan group were significantly lower than those in the D-control group. The concentration of HDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholestrol/total cholesterol ratio of serum were similar to those in all the groups. The concentrations of phospholipid of serum and liver in the D-Okcheonsan group were significantly decreased compared with those of the normal group, In conclusion, the Okcheonsan powder feeding could decrease the pancreatic weight, the concentrations of the triglyceride, the total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol of serum, and the cholesterol of liver in the diabetic rats. But the concentrations of the blood glucose, the hepatic triglyceride and the atherogenic index seems to be not affected by it.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.980-986
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• 2005

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of diet (1:1 ratio) added with meat product (seasoning chicken product, patty) containing natural extracts (green tea, Schizandra chinensis) on body weights, internal organs weights, the contents of total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride and total lipid in plasma and liver. The experimental diets were prepared with basal diet added with $1\%$ natural extracts. These diets were supplied to SD (Sprague-Dawley) rats for 45 days. The body weight of SD rats supplied seasoning chicken and patty containing green tea and Schizandra chinensis tended to be lower than that of SD rats dieted seasoning chicken product and patty product. The contents of plasma cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride and total lipid were decreased in SD rats dieted seasoning chicken and patty with green tea and Schizandra chinensis. However, the contents of plasma cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride and total lipid tended to be increased in SD rats supplied seasoning chicken product and patty only. Hepatic lipid peroxidation measured by TBARS method was not different, compared to that of control. In conclusion, the diets with meat products containing $1\%$ natural extracts were effective in reducing plasma and hepatic cholesterol levels in rats.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.701-707
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• 2013

The present study was carried out to investigate the antiobesity and hypocholesterolemic effects of Bifidobacteria animalis DY-64 (B. animalis DY-64), a lactic acid bacterium isolated from the human intestine, in rats fed a high-fat/high-cholesterol diet for 4 weeks. Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups and fed either a normal (N) or high-fat/high-cholesterol (HFC) diet without or with oral administration of B. animalis DY-64 (N-BA, HFC-BA). The gain in body weight, and liver and adipose tissue weights of the HFC group were heavier than that of the HFC-BA group. Serum total cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol, and leptin levels of the HFC group, which were significantly elevated compared to those of the N group, dropped by 19, 18, 21, and 13% in the HFC-BA group, respectively, whereas the serum HDL-cholesterol level markedly increased. However, serum TG, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and leptin levels were not significantly different among the N groups (N, N-BA) with or without B. animalis DY-64 administration. TC and TG levels of the liver as well as the TG level of the adipose tissue were significantly reduced in the HFC-BA group. In addition, HR-LPL activity in adipose tissue was also lower in the HFC-BA group than in the HFC group. These results suggest that B. animalis DY-64 isolated from the human intestine exerts hypocholesterolemic effects by reducing serum and liver cholesterol levels and plays a role in the prevention of obesity induced by HFC diet.