• Journal of Science Education
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.278-293
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to analyze the characteristics of multiple-choice test items used in assessment of high school integrated science according to 2009 revised curriculum. For the analysis of the tendency of item setting, we devised an analytic framework specific to integrated science, and analyzed the characteristics of items by applying the devised framework and item response theory. The results of the tendency of item setting revealed that most of items run counter to the intent of integrated science in terms of item resource, integration extent, and cognitive level, which means teachers are stick to separative method in teaching-learning and assessment of integrated science. The results of the analysis applying item response theory showed that item difficulty was appropriate and item discrimination was considerably high. However, there was no relevance between the tendency of item setting and qualitative characteristics of the items. We also discussed some agendas to improve the teaching-learning and assessment of integrated science based on the results of this study.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.39-57
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• 2011

Recently Incheon Port and Pyeongtak·Dangjin Port called as Capital Region Ports have enjoyed ever-increasing cargo volumes. However, there is a lack of research on this region while plenty of outputs were suggested on mega hub and regional hub ports in terms of shipping companies and stakeholders' port choice criteria. To identify and evaluate the Capital Region Ports, this paper identifies the factors and sub-components influencing their port choice and presents a structure for evaluating them. Based on the literature related to port selection and competition, a regional survey employed Factor Analysis to reveal that 'port facility and link', 'cost and service', 'port hinterland' and 'information service and port operation policy' are the determining factors in these regions. From the overall evaluation using Fuzzy Theory, Port of Incheon Port obtained high score compare to that of Port of Pyeongtak Dangjin.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.655-660
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of College Students' Ego Status on career aspiration and job choice value. In order to investigate this questionnaire, 120 students from the Tourism Management Department of S University in Gyeonggi-do were surveyed. The questionnaire was reconstructed on the basis of previous studies and total of 45 items. Survey items of career choice value were 7 items including leadership desire, professionalism, direct improvement, social contribution, intellectual value calculation, vacation guarantee, salary Level. As a result of the study, it was found that career aspiration and job choice value were highly correlated with each other and that egogram structure showed a high correlation with adult ego status. Also, the higher the career aspiration and the higher the adult ego status, the higher the value of job choice. Based on the above results, the analysis of the ego-status profile based on the transactional analysis theory can be used as a very useful basic data for exploring the students' career decision, career choice and job choice, I think it will help me to understand and find an alternative career path.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.240-250
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• 2020

This study explores the process of transitional career choice for North Korean defectors who are successfully living their lives after transition to a different system labor market. To achieve this study purpose, what is the process of transitional career choice for North Korean defectors due to the system transition? At present, he (Ed- who is he?) has a subjective sense of success in his professional life and conducted in depth interviews with three men and eight women as objects that can explain the process of experience in rich and detailed ways. To this end, the author interviewed three men and eight women who are satisfied with their current job and analyzed them with the grounded theory method proposed by Strauss & Corbin (1998). As a result, the paradigm model was derived from the central phenomenon of 'conversion of perspective', and the core category was 'conversion of perspective and challenge new career'. The transitional career choice process was derived into four stages according to the flow of time and interaction as 'reality recognition stage', 'active change recognition stage', 'support and coping strategy stage', and 'growth stage' and positive reflections from transitional learning and potential factors of planned chance skills were found.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.81-87
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• 2016

Purpose - In recent, a research finds that advanced selling can influence a consumer's choice(Kim et al., 2013). Advanced selling is defined as the new product launching strategy which company allows consumers to preorder new product before its release(Chu & Zhang, 2011). Prior researches have focused on the benefits of advanced selling(e.g., information gathering for demand prediction, an advantage for pricing strategy, and so on) for companies using this strategy(Chen, 2001; Chu & Zhang, 2011; Li & Zhang, 2013; Tang et al., 2004; Xie & Shugan, 2009). However, Kim et al.(2013) find it can also influence a consumer's choice. In detail, they suggest that when consumers use advanced selling, they are likely to prefer high-performance options rather than low-price options based on construal level theory(Trope & Liberman, 2003). In this paper, we tried to expand the prior researches for finding the mechanism of the influence of advanced selling on a consumer's choice. The purpose of this research is to test the mediating effect on the influence of advanced selling. Research design, data, and methodology - To find the mechanism of the influence of advanced selling, we designed an experiment for testing mediation effect. we recruited 93 students from a university. We assigned participants into one of two groups using randomization method. The participants with each group were given a scenario describing the sales strategy. Finally, they made a choice between high-performance option and low-price option. Sequentially, they also responded some questions for testing mediation effect. Results - First, we replicated prior research to test the influence of advanced selling. As a result, we could find that consumers prefer the high-performance option when they preorder it to purchase at the time of consumption. Thus, the replication result is the same as prior research. Second, we tested that advanced selling can influence the perception of temporal distance. The results confirmed that consumers perceived longer temporal distance in advanced selling condition(β = 1.575, SE = 0.272, p < 0.001). Third, we predicted that temporal distance can increase the importance of desirable attributes and decrease the importance of feasible attributes. The results suggested that temporal distance decreased significantly the importance of attributes related to feasibility(β = -0.19, SE = 0.07, p < 0.01), however, it had non-significant effect on increasing the importance of desirable attributes. Finally, we used Sobel-test for testing mediation effect, and it confirmed that the importance of feasible attributes had mediating role of the influence of advanced selling(Sobel test statistic = -2.110, SE = 0.111, p < 0.05). Conclusions - In this paper, we tried to find the mechanism of the influence on advanced selling from a consumer's choice. With an experiment, we confirmed that the importance of feasible attributes could mediate the effect on advanced selling. Therefore, we suggested some theoretical and practical contributions from this research. Finally, we discussed research limitations and suggested future research topics.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.163-173
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• 2006

The so called Antarctic Treaty System, started from the Antarctic Treaty in 1959, has gradually been enlarged into the concept of an international environmental regime, which has been included in not a few international institutions, treaties, conventions, and international non-governmental organizations (INGO). This kind of movement, as in the role of an international environmental regime, has recently been highlighted in the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty. This Protocol is taking appropriate measures as an international environmental regime in regulating its member nations by enforcing principles in protecting Antarctic resources and environment, regulating member nations' Antarctic activities, establishing norms in the adoption of international and domestic laws, and devising regulations for deciding administrative actions through the member nations' collective decision-making procedures. h this context, this paper is to test a few questions; firstly, how the Antarctic Treaty System can be related with the role of international environmental regime; secondly, how the theories of international environmental regime, such as the hegemony theory, rational choice theory, and international morality theory, can be tested in the role of Antarctic Treaty System as an international environmental regime. Finally, this paper provides a solution for the future problems of the Antarctic Treaty System as an international environmental regime regarding the regime's principle (conflict between the environmental principle and the right of nation-state), norms and regulations (the conflict between the developed and underdeveloped nations in terms of the concept of 'common but differentiated environmental responsibility'), cooperation directions (the leadership problems between hegemonic nation and multilateral leading groups), and management methods (cooperation and arrangement problems among expert institutions, observer groups, and INGO).

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.39-62
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• 2017

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors which affect users' fatigue and reluctant intention of using a SNS. In particular, this study focused on the fatigue of SNS users, as the recent excessive use of SNS has led to negative effects such as invasion of privacy, addition and social overload. fatigue This research will explain how producing adverse effects by using SNS caused psychological and mental depression. Previous researches explained that mental fatigue associated with SNS is not simple one and it is complicated with various psychological factors. Considering this fact, this study introduced a behavioral economics concept and a social comparison theory in the research model. Design/methodology/approach For research purposes, this study developed research hypotheses in order to empirically examine the factors that affect SNS users' fatigue and reluctant intention. The empirical research was based on a poll done through 800 research candidates in the SNS fields and the final 451 responses were collected and used in statistical data analysis. The adaptability, trust, and validity to measurement model were verified and the structural relationship in the research model was analyzed through these 451 responses. Findings First of all, maintenance fatigue of SNS had a positive significant effect on coupling and fatigue of SNS and information privacy had a non-significant effect on fatigue. Second, coupling had a negative significant effect on rational inattention, however, perceived cost had a non-significant effect on rational inattention. Third, lateral/upward comparison had a positive significant on user's negative emotions. Meanwhile, user's negative emotions did not have a significant effect on rational inattention.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.5-29
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• 1995

Advanced Traveler Inoformation Systems*ATIS) , as a subsystem of ITS influence the travel choices of dreivers by providing them with historical, real-time and predictive information to supprot travel decisions and consequently improves the speed and quality of travel. For thesuccessul accomplishment of ATIS, the time-dependent variations of traffic in a road network and travel times of vehicles during their journey must be predicted . The purpose of this study is to evaluate the past developments in the dynamic route choice models and to apply the instantaneous dynamic user optimal route choice model. recently formulated with flow propagation constraints by Ran, Boyce and LeBlanc, to the real transportation network of Seocho-Ku in Seoul. As input data for this application, the time-dependent travel rates are estimated and the link travel time function is derived. The modelis validated from three view points : the efficiency of model itself the ability to predict traffic volume and travel time on links, and the optimal traffic control.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.12
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• pp.13-20
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of visual properties on the human movement behavior experimentally and empirically using spatial analysis technique based on ecological perception theory. For the survey of choosing behaviors of heading direction in built environments, the experiment was conducted in which the subjects were made to choose moving directions in some spaces using the virtual environment simulation tool, and then comparative analysis was conducted on the interrelation between the experiment results and various visual properties in existing spatial analysis techniques based on ecological perception theory. As a result, the occlusivity of the isovist theory was found to be the most significant index in the human choice of heading direction, and the longest radial also showed somewhat significant effect on it.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.31-41
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• 2017

Purpose - As the domestic coffee market is rapidly growing and competition is intensifying, coffee shops need to establish a marketing strategy that grasps the needs and desires of consumers in order to secure a competitive advantage in terms of survival. From this point of view, this study suggests what choice attributes consumers consider when visiting coffee shops, and analyzes the effect of customer choice attributes on franchise and private coffee shops using fsQCA. Research design, data, and methodology - In the present study, we tried to understand the effect of the combination of choice attribute on satisfaction by the type of coffee shop based on the complex system theory, while studying the existing coffee shop choice attribute focuses on the causal relationship. FsQCA is a complementary analytical method between quantitative and qualitative research, and is a method for effectively analyzing the complex combination of causal variables. Result - The results of the study are as follows. First, cleanliness was found to be the most important factor in determining coffee quality, which is the most important factor affecting customer satisfaction. Second, customers who prefer franchise coffee shops seem to be most concerned about atmosphere, menu, cleanliness and price. On the other hand, customers who prefer private coffee shops consider image the most important. Conclusions - The implications of this study are as follows. Overall, coffee shops should manage cleanliness basically regardless of the type of store, but they should manage the choice attributes differently depending on the type of coffee shop. Franchise coffee shops will be able to increase the level of store satisfaction by systematically managing the store atmosphere, menu, cleanliness, and price according to the manual using the advantages of the franchise system. On the other hand, unlike the franchise coffee shops, private coffee shops can operate autonomous stores, so customers can use various marketing mixes to enhance their store image.