• 제목/요약/키워드: Chlorophenols

검색결과 59건 처리시간 0.019초

Dechlorination of Individual Congeners in Aroclor 1248 as Enhanced by Chlorobenzoates, Chlorophenols, and Chlorobenzenes

  • Kim, Jong-Seol;Cho, Young-Cheol;Frohnhoefer, Robert C.;Rhee, G-Yull
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제18권10호
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    • pp.1701-1708
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    • 2008
  • Previous investigations showed that three classes of haloaromatic compounds (HACs; chlorobenzoates, chlorophenols, and chlorobenzenes) enhanced the reductive dechlorination of Aroclor 1248, judging from the overall extent of reduction in CI atoms on the biphenyl. In the present study, we further investigated the kind of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners involved in the enhanced dechlorination by four isomers belonging to each class (2,3-, 2,5-, 2,3,5-, and 2,4,6-chlorobenzoates; 2,3-, 3,4-, 2,5-, and 2,3,6-chlorophenols; and 1,2-, 1,2,3-, 1,2,4-, and penta-chlorobenzenes). Although the PCB congeners involved in the enhanced dechlorination varied with the HACs, the enhancement primarily involved para-dechlorination of the same congeners (2,3,4'-, 2,3,4,2'-plus 2,3,6,4'-, 2,5,3',4'- plus 2,4,5,2',6'-, and 2,3,6,2',4'-chlorobiphenyls), regardless of the HACs. These congeners are known to have low threshold concentrations for dechlorination. To a lesser extent, the enhancement also involved meta dechlorination of certain congeners with high threshold concentrations. There was no or less accumulation of 2,4,4'- and 2,5,4'-chlorobiphenyls as final products under HAC amendment. Although the dechlorination products varied, the accumulation of ortho-substituted congeners, 2-, 2,2'-, and 2,6-chlorobiphenyls, was significantly higher with the HACs, indicating a more complete dechlorination of the highly chlorinated congeners. Therefore, the present results suggest that the enhanced dechlorination under HAC enrichment is carried out through multiple pathways, some of which may be universal, regardless of the kind of HACs, whereas others may be HAC-specific.

염화페놀류 화합물의 HDTMA-montmorillonite에 대한 수착 동력학에 미치는 ph의 영향 (Effect of pH on the sorption kinetics of chlorophenols onto HDTMA-montmorillonite)

  • Mun Yong, Gwak;Dong Ik, Song
    • 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국지하수토양환경학회 2004년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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    • pp.186-191
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    • 2004
  • Sorption kinetics of 2-chlorophenol(2-ChP), 2,4-dichlorophenol(2,4-DChP) and 2,4,5-trichlorophenol (2,4,5-TChP), onto montmorillonite modified with hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium cations(HDTMA-mont) were investigated. One-site mass transfer model(OSMTM) and two compartment first-order kinetic model(TCFOKM) were used to analyze kinetics. As expected from the number of model parameters involved, the three-parameter TCFOKM was better than the two-parameter OSMTM in describing sorption and desorption kinetics of chlorophenols in HDTMA-mont. For all chlorophenols, the results of OSMTM analysis indicate that the predominant deprotonated speciation(at pH 9.15) exhibited higher mass transfer coefficient( $k_{s}$ ) than the protonated speciation(at pH 4.85). This is because the deprotonated speciation has stronger hydrophobic interaction than protonated speciation. Most sorption completes in three hours. The fraction of the fast sorption and the first-order sorption rate constants for the fast and slow compartments in TCFOKM were determined by fitting experimental data to the TCFOKM. The results of kinetics reveal that the fraction of the fast sorption( $f_1$) and the sorption rate constants in the fast compartments( $k_1$) were in the order 2,4,5-TChP > 2,4-DChP > 2-ChP, which agrees with the magnitude of the $K_{ow}$ . The first-order sorption rate constants in the fast compartment(10$^{0.8}$ - 10$^{1.22}$ h $r^{-1}$ ) were much larger than those in the slow compartment(10$^{-1}$.74/ - 10$^{-2}$.622/ h $r^{-1}$ ).> ).).

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기체 크로마토그래피/질량분석기를 이용한 생물시료 중 알킬 페놀류, 클로로페놀류 및 비스페놀 A의 분석법 (Analytical Determination of Alkylphenols, Chlorophenols and Bisphenol A in Biota Samples using Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry)

  • 홍종기;김협;백인걸;김도균;서정주;서종복;정봉철;표희수;김경례;김용화
    • 분석과학
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    • 제13권4호
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    • pp.484-493
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    • 2000
  • 생물시료 중 존재하는 알킬페놀류, 클로로페놀류 및 비스페놀 A의 동시분석을 기체크로마토그래피-질량분석기-선택이온검색법에 의해 수행하였다. 시료 중 페놀류는 유기용매로 추출하고 정제과정은 Florisil과 silica 컬럼을 비교분석하였다. 회수율 실험은 각 생물시료에 1-ppm 정도를 첨가하여 수행하였다. 이들의 회수율은 83-116% 정도로 나타났고, 표준편차는 약 2.4-11.9%로 나타났다. 페놀류의 검출한계를 증진시키기 위하여, trimeaylsilyl(TMS) 유도체 방법을 도입하였다. 유도체화 시키지 않은 페놀과 TMS 유도체화된 페놀류의 기체크로마토그래피 성질을 연구하였다.

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Freezing filtration와 고상 추출 전처리 후 GC-MS-SIM 방법을 이용한 생물시료 중 Bisphenol A, Alkylphenols와 Chlorophenols의 분석 (Analysis of Bisphenol A Alkylphenols and Chlorophenols in Biota Samples by Freezing Filtration, Solid Phase Extraction and GC-MS-SIM)

  • 김협;김용화;김경례
    • 한국환경독성학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국환경독성학회 2001년도 추계심포지움 및 학술발표회:환경오염의 생체지표를 이용한 위해성 평가의 최근 기법
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    • pp.80-80
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    • 2001
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TCE (trichloroethylene)으로부터 클로로벤젠과 클로로페놀의 생성특성 (Formation Characteristics of Chlorobenzenes and Chlorophenols from TCE)

  • 김은미;심영숙;이우근
    • 한국대기환경학회지
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    • 제18권2호
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    • pp.149-159
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    • 2002
  • The objective of this study was to evaluate the formation characteristics of CBs and CPs from TCE, aliphatic compound. The experiment was carried out in a fixed reactor during 30 min under the oxidation condition at the range of temperature, 300~$700^{\circ}C$. MSWI fly ash was used as catalyst in this study. Total amount of CBs formed greater magnitude than that of CPs overall range of reaction temperature. It is proposed that the formation of CPs was caused from hydroxylation of CBs. According to increasing temperature to $600^{\circ}C$, the yield of CBs and CPs increased but significantly decreased at $700^{\circ}C$. It is suggested that decomposition rate was faster than formation rate at the high temperature. In the homologue distribution of CBs, DCBs were major products at 30$0^{\circ}C$ and the amount of higher chlorinated compound increased to $600^{\circ}C$. Because they were formed by chlorination of lower chlorinated compounds. In case of CPs, the amount of DCPs was 90% of total amounts in both thermal formation and catalytic reaction. On the other hand it was clearly observed that the chlorination rate in catalytic reaction was higher than in thermal formation with TCE only.

기체 크로마토그래피/질량분석기를 이용한 종이류 중 알킬페놀류, 클로로페놀류 및 비스페놀 A 정량 (Sensitive Determination of Alkylphenols, Chlorophenols, and Bisphenol A using GC/MS-SIM in Paper Materials)

  • 김협;김진호
    • Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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    • 제18권1호
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    • pp.45-55
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    • 2003
  • The alkylphenols, chlorophenols and bisphenol A were determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrom-etry-selected ion monitoring (GC/MS-SIM) mode followed by two work-up methods for comparison; isoBOC derivatization method and TBDMS derivatization method. Eleven phenols in paper samples were extracted with acetonitrile. Also, solid -phase extraction (SPE) with XAD -4 and subsequent conversion to isobutoxycarbonyl derivatives or tert.-butyldimethylsilyl derivatives for sensitive analysis with the selected ion-monitoring (SIM) mode. The SIM responses were linear with the correlation coefficient varying 0.9717 ∼ 0.9995 (isoBOC derivatization), and 0.9842 ∼ 0.9980 (TBDMS derivatization). The recoveries were 82.4 ∼ 108.8%) by area ratio of phenanthrene -d$\_$10/ vs bisphenol A-d$\^$l6/. (isoBOC derivatization and TBDMS derivatization) The range of concentrations was respectively, 0.95 ∼ 1.44 ng/g in 2,4-dichlorophenol, 1.01 ∼ 1.17 ng/g in t-butylphenol,2.17 ∼ 5.84 ng/g in pentachlorophenol, 12.68 ∼ 14.88 ng/g in nonylphenol and 30.84 ∼ 153.72 ng/g in bisphenol A.

SENSITIVE DETERMINATION OF ELEVEN PHENOLIC ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING CHEMICALS IN HUMAN URINE USING GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY/MASS SPECTROMETRY -SELECTED ION MONITORING

  • Kim, Hyub;Jang, Cheol-Hyeon
    • Environmental Engineering Research
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    • 제12권3호
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    • pp.93-100
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    • 2007
  • I improved an analytical method for determining trace amounts of eleven phenolic endocrine-disrupting chemicals (11 phenolic EOCs) in human urine. The 11 phenolic EOCs were subjected to hydrolysis and then to solid phase extraction with a XAD-4 column. Alkylphenols, chlorophenols, and bisphenol A in XAD-4 column were eluted with acetonitrile, and the eluate was concentrated under a nitrogen stream, and then tert-butyldimethylsilylation. Separation and determination were done by gas chromatography, using mass spectrometry operating in the selective ion monitoring mode for quantitation. For tert-butyldimethylsily (TBDMS) derivatization the recoveries were $91.2{\sim}125.9%$, the limits of quantitation (LOQ) for the 11 phenolic EOCs in the nanogram-per-milliliter range ($0.025{\sim}1.000\;ng/mL$) were thus achieved by using 1 mL of urine, and the SIM responses were linear with the correlation coefficient varying by $0.9300{\sim}0.9943$. Based on the results for urine samples from unexposed individuals, 4-tert-octylphenol and pentachlorophenol were detected in hydrolysed urine sample. Other alkylphenols, chlorophenols and bisphenol A were not detected.

Combined Isobutoxycarbonylation and tert-Butyldimethylsilylation for the GC/MS-SIM Detection of Alkylphenols, Chlorophenols and Bisphenol A in Mackerel Samples

  • Kim, Hyub;Hong, Jong-Ki;Kim, Yong-Hwa;Kim, Kyoung-Rae
    • Archives of Pharmacal Research
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    • 제26권9호
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    • pp.697-705
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    • 2003
  • The alkylphenols, chlorophenols, and bisphenol A were determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry-selected ion monitoring (GC/MS-SIM) followed by two work-up methods for comparison: isobutoxycarbonyl (isoBOC) derivatization and tert-butyldimethylsilyl (TBDMS) derivatization. Eleven endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) of phenols in biological samples were extracted with acetonitrile and then the acetonitrile layer underwent freezing filtration 6$0^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) was used with XAD-4 and subsequent conversion to isoBOC or TBDMS derivatives for sensitivity analysis with the GC/MS-SIM mode. For isoBOC derivatization and TBDMS derivatization the recoveries were 92.3∼150.6% and 93.8∼108.3%, the method detection limits (MDLs) of bisphenol A for SIM were 0.062 $\mu$ g/kg and 0.010 $\mu$ g/kg, and the SIM responses were linear with the correlation coefficient varying by 0.9755∼0.9981 and 0.9908∼0.9996, respectively. When these methods were applied to mackerel samples, the concentrations of the 11 phenol EDCs were below the MDL.

GC/MS-SIM을 이용한 우리나라 수중 생물시료 중 알킬페놀, 클로로페놀과 비스페놀 A의 분석을 위한 냉동필터법의 응용 (Application of Freezing Filtration Method to the Analysis of Alkylphenols, Chlorophenols and Bisphenol a in Korean Aquatic Biological Samples Using GC/MS-SIM)

  • 김협;장철현
    • 대한환경공학회지
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    • 제29권6호
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    • pp.689-698
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    • 2007
  • 우리나라 수중 생물시료에 있는 알킬페놀류, 클로로페놀류 및 비스페놀 A의 정량분석을 위한 새로운 기술을 제시하였다. 우리나라 수중 생물시료에 있는 알킬페놀류, 클로로페놀류 및 비스페놀 A를 아세토니트릴로 추출한 다음 아세토니트릴 층을 2 시간동안 $-60^{\circ}C$에 냉동하였다(냉동필터). 또한, XAD-4를 이용한 고체상 추출 후, isobutoxycarbonyl(isoBOC) 또는 tert-butyldimethylsilyl(TBDMS) 유도체화 한 후 가스크로마토그래피/질량분석기-선택이온 모니터링 방법을 사용하였다. isoBOC 유도체화와 TBDMS 유도체화의 회수율은 $70.1\sim150.6%$$93.8\sim108.3%$이였으며, 선태이온 모니터링 방법을 이용한 비스페놀 A의 분석방법 검출한계는(MDLs) 각각 $0.062{\mu}g/kg$$0.010{\mu}g/kg$이었다 이 방법을 우리나라 수중 생물시료에 적용하였을 때, 11가지 페놀성 내분비계장애물질의 농도는 $0.675\sim1.970{\mu}g/kg$이었다.