• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1996.04a
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• pp.202-202
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• 1996

The antihistaminic action of eighteen herbal medicines was investigated by the radioligand binding and functional assays. The hexane fractions of Trichosanthis radix, Mori cortex radicis and Evodiae fructus dose-dependently inhibited [$^3$H]mepyramine binding to H$_1$ receptor and histamine-induced contraction in guinea-pig brain homogenates and isolated guinea-pig ilea, respectively. Antihistaminic action of the hexane and ethylacetate fractions of Mori cortex radicis and the hexane fraction of Evodiae fructus was more potent than their antimuscarinic action evaluated from the inhibition of [$^3$H]QNB binding and carbachol response. The ethylacetate and chloroform fractions and six known flavonoids from Scutellariae radix also inhibited histamine-induced contraction, but antihistaminic potencies of these fractions and compounds were almost identical with their antimuscarinic potencies. The hexane fractions of Mori cortex radicis and Evodiae fructus, as shown in ketotifen, inhibited selectively the increase of cutaneous vascular permeability induced by histamine. However, wogonin (SC-1) from Scutellariae radix was a nonselective inhibitor for the effect of histamine and serotonin on the vascular permeability. These results demonstrate that the hexane and ethylacetate fractions of Mori cortex radicis and the hexane fraction of Evodiae fructus have the selective histamine H$_1$ receptor blocking activities.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.197-200
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• 2008

The antioxidant activity of Isaria (Paecilomyces) sinclairii was determined by measuring its radical scavenging effect on 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals. The n- BuOH extract of P. sinclairii showed strong scavenging activity to DPPH. The anti-oxidant potential of the individual fraction was in the order of ethylacetate> n- BuOH>chloroform>n-hexane. The n-BuOH soluble fraction exhibiting strong anti-oxidant activity was further purified by repeated silica gel column chromatography. N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)adenosine (HEA) was isolated as one of the active principles from the n-BuOH layer. The n-BuOH layer, particularly HEA, did not increase the level of nitric oxide (NO) production in vascular endothelial cells that might be related to vasorelaxation such as the action of viagra. In addition, the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels showed little or no increase compared with control group with the treatment of I. sinclairii.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.43-46
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• 2012

Objectives : Sanguisorbae Radix(SO) is a plant in the family Rosaceae, which grows widely in open fields Korea. It has been used as traditional medicine for thousands of years, as a treatment for anti-inflammatory and it is widely used for throat infection, tonsilitis, conjuctivitis and lymphadentis. In this study, investigated skin antiaging and anti-bacterial by using SO fractions water, acetone and butanol, chloroform. Methods : The effects of anti-microbial on SO fractions and elastase inhibition activity, collagenase inhibition activity were experimented. Results : 1. The ethyl acetate fraction showed the strongest antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis. 2. The elastase inhibition rate and collagenase inhibition rate of the water fraction of SO was the highest other factions. Conclusions : From the above results, it was confirmed the SO has sufficient potentiality applying itself to industry and also SO can be utilized as antimicrobial natural materials and antiaging cosmetics.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.376-380
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• 2011

We investigated the total phenolic and flavonoid contents and the antimicrobial activity of ethanol extracts obtained from Saussurea lappa C.B. Clarke. The ethanol extracts of S. lappa C.B. Clarke were fractionated with various solvents (n-hexane, chloroform, and n-butanol). The antimicrobial activity of S. lappa C.B. Clarke was examined by disc-diffusion and micro-dilution susceptibility assays with six food-borne pathogens, and compared to that of the synthetic antibiotics. It is found that the S. lappa C.B. Clarke ethanol extract and n-hexane fraction have strong activity against B. cereus and V. parahaemolyticus strains compared to ampicillin. The inhibitory concentration ($IC_{50}$) values of hexane fraction against L. monocytogenes, B. cereus, and B. subtilis were 62.5, 250 and 500 ppm, respectively. Therefore, these data suggest that S. lappa C.B. Clarke may be useful as antimicrobial agents against food-borne pathogens.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.33 no.4 s.131
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• pp.324-331
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• 2002

This study was performed to investigate the protective effect of Houttuynia cordata Thunb on hepatotoxicity in carbon tetrachloride$(CCI_4)$ intoxicated rats. The examined effects hexane, chloroform, butanol and water fractions prepared from the Houttuynia cordata Thunb methanol exlract and rats were administrated with those orally once a day for successive 6 days, fellowed by treaoent with $CCl_4$ on the sixth day. After 6 days, the activities of aminotransferase, alkalinephosphatase, ${\gamma}-glutamyl$ transpeptidase, lactate dehydrogenase and contents of triglyceride, hepatic lipid peroxide in butanol fraction pretreated rats were significantly decreased compared to the only $CCl_4$ treated rats, also depletion glutathione content induced by treatment with $CCl_4$ was prevented by butanol fraction pretreated rats. In addition, activities of hepatic superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase in butanol fiaction pretreated rats were significantly decreased compared to the only $CCl_4$ treated rats, but the activity of hepatic glutathione-S-transferase was not significantly effect. These results suggest that butanol fiuction of Houttuynia cordata Thunb methanol extract have potent hepatoprotective effect against carbon tetrachloride intoxicated rats.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.174-184
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• 2000

From our previous report, the water extract of Pulsatilla koreana root was found to have potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic actions in intravenous administration in animals. Among chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and water fractions which were obtained through successive fractionation of the extract, only the water fraction was found to have the antiinflammatory and analgesic actions. The fraction did not affect normal body temperature at the effective doses in mice and showed low acute toxicity of which $LD_{50}$ was less than 500 mg/kg i.v. in mice. It is interesting that its anti-inflammatory action might be attributed in part to inhibition of cyclooxygenase-1 and -2.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.263-267
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• 2005

In order to isolate hyaluronidase (HAase) inhibitor from Astragali radix (AR), dried roots were extracted with ethanol, prior to sequential fractionations with n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and aqueous fractions. The n-butanol soluble fraction was found to exhibit the most pronounced inhibitory effect (68%) on HAase, and the active components were separated using various chromatographic methods, including column chromatography and preparative HPLC. The active component was isolated from the n-butanol soluble fraction of AR and was structurally identified as calycosin-7-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside by LC-MS, IR, $^1H$ NMR, and $^{13}C$ NMR analysis. The $IC_{50}$ of calycosin-7-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside's HAase activity was found to be 3.7 mg/mL.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.213-223
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• 2000

SD-994 was prepared from methanol extract of Artemisia argyi by stepwise purification of solvent partioning and silica gel chromatography. In the course of this purification, fractions obtained at each step were investigated for their cytotoxicities against L1210 cells. Fractions A~G prepared from chloroform fraction showed considerable cytotoxicities raging 40~90% against L1210 cells. Subfractions I~IX obtained from fraction A exhibited various cytotoxicities and subfraction I (SD-994) was found to be the most effective compound. $IC_{50}$ values of SD-994 were measured to be $0.5{\;}{\mu\textrm{g}}/ml and less than $0.05{\;}{\mu\textrm{g}}/ml against L1210 cells and normal lymphocytes, respectively: When SD-994 was added to L1210 cell as cytotoxic agent, significantly increased amount of superoxide ($O_2^-$) and dramatically augmented activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), specially MnSOD and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were observed according to the concentration and incubation time. Whereas, in case of normal lymphocytes under the same condition, cytotoxicities were not apparent and the generation of superoxide ($O_2^-$) or the activity changes of SOD and GPx were insignificant. These results together indicate that the cytotoxic action of SD-994 against L1210 cell may be achieved via necrosis and/or apoptosis induced by reaction oxygen species which could not probably be completely abolished even by drastically increased antioxidant enzymes, SOD and GPx activities.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.906-911
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• 2003

We previously reported that the butanol (BuOH) fraction of the head of Panax ginseng exhibited gastroprotective activity in peptic and chronic ulcer models. In order to identify the active constituent, an activity-guided isolation of the BuOH faction was conducted with a HCI$.$ethanol-induced gastric lesion model. The BuOH fraction was passed through a silica-gel column using a chloroform-methanol gradient solvent system, and six fractions (frs. 1-6) were obtained. The active fr. 5 was further separated by silica-gel column, to yield 6 subfractions (subfrs. a-f). Subfr. d was composed of ginsenosides Re, Rc and $Rb_1$. The most active constituent was ginsenoside $Rb_1$ ($GRb_1$), a protopanaxadiol glycoside, which was investigated for its anti-ulcer effect. Gastric injury induced by HCI$.$ethanol, indomethacin and pyloric ligation (Shay ulcer) was apparently reduced with oral $GRb_1$ doses of 150 and 300 mg/kg. $GRb_1$ at these dosage significantly increased the amount of mucus secretion in an ethanol-induced model. The anti-ulcer effects were consistent with the result of histological examination. These results suggest that the major active constituent in the head of Panax ginseng is $GRb_1$ and that anti-ulcer effect is produced through an increase in mucus secretion.

• ALGAE
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.179-184
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• 2009

Methanol crude extract of the sea grass Zostera marina L. and organic solvent fractions (n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water) were screened for antioxidant activity (total phenolic contents, DPPH scavenging activity, and reducing power) and antimicrobial activity against three human skin pathogens, two bacteria and a yeast; Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Candida albicans. Total phenolic contents and 2, 2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity were highest in the ethyl acetate fraction with 968.50 $\mu$g gallic acid equivalent per milligram of extract, and ca. 95% scavenging activity on the DPPH radicals at 10 mg $ml^{-1}$. In antimicrobial activity tests, MICs (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) of each Zostera marina extract partitioned ranged from 1mg to 8 mg $ml^{-1}$ (extract/ 10% DMSO) against all three human skin pathogens. The MICs of the ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions were the same with 1 mg $ml^{-1}$ against S. aureus and C. albicans. The ethyl acetate fraction of Z. marina does protect against free radicals and may be used to inhibit the growth of human skin pathogens.