• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.51-58
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• 1996

2년간의 온실실험을 통하여 벼, 콩, 배추, 무의 생육초기와 생육후기에 $^{54}Mn,\;^{60}Co,\;^{85}Sr,\;^{137}Cs$의 혼합용액을 산성 양질사토로 상층부를 채운 재배상자내 담수 또는 토양의 표면에 가하고 작물수확 직후에 지하 $15{\sim}20cm$까지 토양길이에 따른 방사성 핵종의 농도분포를 조사하였다. 방사성 핵종의 농도는 토양깊이에 따라 지수함수적으로 감소하는 경향으로 처리한 방사능의 80%이상이 지하 $3{\sim}4cm$ 이내 에 분포하였다. 핵종간 지하로의 이동성은 대체로 $^{85}Sr>^{54}Mn>^{60}Co{\geq}^{137}Cs$의 순이었다. 재배작물간에 이동 정도는 벼 재배토양에서 가장 높았고 N, P, K의 시비량이 가장 적었던 콩 재배토양에서 가장 낮았다. 두 처리시기간 지하분포 양상의 차이는 침적후 시간경과에 따라 단위시간당 지하 1cm 밑으로 이동하는 방사능량이 감소한다는 것을 나타내었다. 작물의 생육 초기에 방사성 핵종을 가한 후 실시된 염화칼리와 석회의 동시첨가로 핵종의 지하이동은 밭작물에서는 변화가 없거나 다소 억제되었으나 벼에서는 약간 촉진되었다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.85-89
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• 2002

멸강나방의 발육과 생식에 먹이(옥수수잎, 벼잎, 배추잎,양배추잎, 콩잎 그리고 누에인공사료)가 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 알과 번데기기간은 먹이간에 유의성이 없었으나, 유충기간은 유의성이 있었다. 총발육기간(알에서 성충까지)은 옥수수잎에서 32.5일로 가장 짧았고 콩잎에서 46.6일로 가장 길었다. 부화 후 16일째의 유충 무게는 벼잎과 누에인공사료에서 무거웠던 반면, 고구마잎과 양배추잎에서는 가벼웠고 용화하지 못했다. 번데기 무게는 벼잎에서 가장 무거웠다. 부화유충에서 성충까지의 생존율은 옥수수잎에서 70.6%로 가장 높았고, 콩잎에서 39.8%로 가장 낮았다. 암컷 성충의 수명은 먹이간에 큰차이는 없었다. 암컷 한 마리당 평균 총산란수는 벼잎, 옥수수및, 누에인공사료에서 사육한 경우가 배추및, 콩잎보다 많았다. 1세대 순증가율(R$_{0}$)은 누에인공사료에서 1218.5로 가장 높았으며, 내적자연증가율(R$_{0}$)의 범위는 0.115-0.175로 옥수수잎에서 가장 높았다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.428-455
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• 2010

Radish kimchi is a typical side-dish in Korean traditional food and is a way of keeping vegetables for a extended period using fermentation. This study examined the classification, usage, eating history, variety, and recipes of Korean radish kimchi through ancient and modern era literature. The Korean radish kimchi were categorized into six groups: kkakttugi, seokbakji (or nabakkimchi), dongchimi, jjanji, jangachi, and jangkwa. According to the record, the eating history of radish kimchi comes from before the age of the Three Kingdom period. Radish was preserved in salt, vinegar, soybean paste or lees of fermented liquor in the early times. This pickled radish was not supposed to be watery. Radish kimchi was divided into watery kimchi (dongchimi) during the period of United Silla and the Koryo Dynasty. Kimchi was mixed with Chinese cabbage to make seokbakji or nabakkimchi. Up to the early Chosun Dynasty, the key ingredient of kimchi was radish. After the middle of the Chosun Dynasty, kimchi was mixed with red pepper powder, salted fish, soybean sauce, and various ingredients. There were many kinds of radish kimchi during the late Chosun Dynasty. In the 11 Korean recipe books published within the past 100 years, there are nine kinds of kkakttugi, three kinds of seokbakji, four kinds of dongchimi, three kinds of jjanji, nine kinds of jangachi, and five kinds of jangkwa. Kkakttugi (cubed, sliced or julienne radish) was pickled with salt, red pepper powder, garlic, green onion, oyster, sugar, salted fish, and more. Seokbakji and nabakkimchi were not as salty, so they could not be preserved as long. Dongchimi (watery radish kimchi without red pepper powder) was made of radish, water, salt, 18 side ingredients, 13 condiments, and seven garnishes. Jjanji was pickled to be very salty and was eaten during summer. Jangachi can be used as a regular side dish and is made of radish or dried radish slices pickled or seasoned with salt, soy sauce, vinegar, soybean paste, lees of fermented liquor, and spices. Jangkwa is used as a stir-fry method and has been segregated from jangachi relatively recently.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.723-731
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• 2008

Immunomodulatory feed additives might offer alternatives to antimicrobial growth promoters in pig production. This experiment was designed to determine the effects of dietary galacto-mannan-oligosaccharide (GMOS) and chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) supplementation on the immune response in early-weaned piglets. Forty 15-day-old piglets (Duroc$\times$Landrace$\times$Yorkshire) with an average live body weight of $5.6{\pm}0.51kg$ were weaned and randomly assigned to 4 treatment groups that were fed maize-soybean meal diets containing either basal, 110 mg/kg of lincomycin, 250 mg/kg of COS or 0.2% GMOS, respectively, over a 2-week period. Another six piglets of the same age were sacrificed on the same day at the beginning of the study for sampling, in order to obtain baseline values. Interleukin (IL)-1${\beta}$gene expression in peripheral blood monocytes, jejunal mucosa and lymph nodes, as well as serum levels of IL-1${\beta}$ IL-2 and IL-6, IgA, IgG, and IgM, were evaluated for 5 pigs from each group at 15 and 28 days of age. The results indicate that weaning stress resulted in decreases in serum antibody and cytokine levels. Dietary supplementation with GMOS or COS enhanced (p<0.05) IL-1${\beta}$gene expression in jejunal mucosa and lymph nodes, as well as serum levels of IL-1${\beta}$ IL-2, IL-6, IgA, IgG and IgM compared to supplementation with lincomycin. These findings suggest that GMOS or COS may enhance the cell-mediated immune response in early-weaned piglets by modulating the production of cytokines and antibodies, which shows that GMOS or COS have different effects than the antibiotic on animal growth and health.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권9호
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• pp.1453-1461
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• 2007

This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that dietary supplementation with an herbal extract of Acanthopanax senticosus (AS) enhances the immune response in weaned piglets. Sixty piglets weaned at 21 days of age were randomly assigned to 3 treatment groups representing the addition of 0 or 1 g/kg of the AS extract or 0.2 g/kg of colistin (an antibiotic) to maize- and soybean meal-based diets (n = 20 per group). On days 7, 14 and 28 after initiation of the addition, total and differential counts of leucocytes, proliferating activity of peripheral lymphocytes, serum levels of immunoglobulins (Ig) and cytokines and the spleen index were determined. The AS extract decreased (p<0.05) the number of neutrophils on days 7 and 28 in comparison with the control group and reduced (p<0.05) serum interleukin-$1{\beta}$ level on day 28 compared with the other 2 groups. Dietary supplementation with the AS extract increased (p<0.05) the lymphocyte/leukocyte ratio on day 28 compared with the control group and increased the proliferating activity of lymphocytes on days 14 and 28 compared with the other 2 groups. The AS extract increased (p<0.05) the serum content of IgG on day 7 and of IgG and IgM on day 28 compared with the other 2 groups, as well as increasing the serum content of tumor necrosis factor on day 7 and spleen index on days 7 and 28 compared with the control group. Collectively, these findings suggest that the AS extract as a dietary additive enhances the cellular and humoral immune responses of weaned piglets by modulating the production of immunocytes, cytokines and antibodies.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.149-159
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• 2011

HPLC-UVD/MS를 이용하여 농산물 중 benzothiadiazole계 선택적 접촉 제초제인 bentazone의 잔류분석법을 확립하였다. 농산물 시료에 인산용액으로 pH를 1로 조절한 acetone을 가하여 추출하였고, bentazone의 잔류분은 dichloromethane 액-액 분배법과 florisil 흡착크로마토그래피법으로 정제하여 분석대상 시료로 하였다. Bentazone의 정량적 분석을 위한 최적 HPLC 분석 조건을 확립하였고, $C_{18}$ 칼럼을 이용한 HPLC 분석 시 불순물의 간섭은 없었으며, 대표 농산물 중 bentazonc의 분석정량한계(LOQ)은 0.02 mg/kg 이었다. 전체 농산물에 대해 정량한계, 정량한계의 10배 및 50배 수준에서 회수율을 검토한 결과 모든 처리 농도에서 82.0~97.9% 수준을 나타내었으며, 농산물 시료 및 처리수준에 관계없이 10%미만의 분석오차를 나타내어 잔류분석 기준이내를 만족하였다. 본 연구에서 확립한 benzothiadiazole계 제초제인 bentazone의 잔류분석법은 검출한계, 회수율 및 분석오차 면에서 국제적 분석기준을 만족할 뿐만 아니라, LC/MS SIM을 이용한 잔류분의 재확인과정 및 회수율 검증의 결과를 종합해 볼 때 분석과정의 편이성 및 신뢰성이 확보된 공정분석법으로 사용이 가능 할 것으로 판단된다.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.215-220
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• 2014

유기재배 밭에서 가묘상과 헛묘상을 이용한 잡초관리 가능성을 탐색하기 위하여 봄, 가을 노지작물 재배시험을 수행하였다. 가묘상은 작물재배 2-4주 전에 설치한 후 갈퀴를 이용하여 천경하거나 화염처리로 제초하였다. 배추, 콩, 고추, 옥수수를 재배한 봄작기 시험에서 가묘상처리에 따른 잡초억제율은 각각 65-73%, 50-55%, 9-55%, 8-33%로 많은 차이를 나타내었다. 작물의 생육과 수량을 고려할 때 배추, 콩, 옥수수 등은 가묘상을 이용한 잡초관리 가능성이 있다고 판단된다. 헛묘상을 이용한 가을작기 시험은 배추, 시금치, 당근을 재배하였는데 잡초억제율은 각각 18?39%, 40?77%, 37?38%로 가묘상을 이용한 봄작기보다 낮았고 생육과 수량도 좋지 않아 적용 가능성이 적었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.1020-1024
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• 2003

Five barrows (average initial body weight 58.6 kg) were used to determine the apparent ileal digestibilities of amino acids, DM, N and energy in various soybean meal, rapeseed meal and coconut meal in finishing pigs. Dietary treatments included 1) KSBM (Korean soybean meal), 2) CSBM (Chinese soybean meal), 3) ASBM (Argentine soybean meal), 4) RSM (Rapeseed meal), and 5) CNM (Coconut meal). The diets were corn starch-based and formulated so that each protein source provided the same amount of total ME (3,490 kcal/kg), CP (15.70%), lysine (1.00%), Ca (0.80%) and P (0.60%). Protein content of the KSBM was higher than the CSBM and ASBM, with all values similar to those expected, and protein content of the CNM was lower than that of the SBM preparation and RSM. Apparent ileal digestibilities of histidine, lysine, threonine, alanine, asparatic acid, cystine, glutamic acid and serine were greater for the KSBM, CSBM, ASBM and RSM than for the CNM (p<0.05). Also, the apparent ileal digestibilities of methionine, leucine, phenylalanine, valine and tyrosine were greater for the KSBM than for the CSBM, ASBM, RSM and CNM (p<0.05). Overall, the apparent ileal digestibilities of total essential amino acids were greater for the KSBM than for the CSBM, ASBM, RSM and CNM (p<0.05), and the apparent ileal digestibilities of total non essential amino acids were greater for the KSBM, CSBM, ASBM and RSM than for the CNM (p<0.05). No difference (p>0.05) in apparent digestibility of DM at the small intestine was observed among the treatments. However, the apparent digestibility of DM at the total tract was greater for the KSBM than for the CSBM, ASBM, RSM and CNM (p<0.05). Also, apparent digestibilities of N and digestible energy at the small intestine and total tract were greater for the KSBM than for the RSM and CNM (p<0.05). In conclusion, nutrient digestibility values of SBM preparations and RSM were relatively high compared to CNM.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.204-213
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• 2008

Four ruminally cannulated Holstein cows averaging 43 days in milk (DIM) were used in a $4{\times}4$ Latin square to determine the effect of feeding extruded soybean, ground canola seed and whole cottonseed on ruminal fermentation and milk fatty acid profile. One hundred and twenty lactating Holstein cows, 58 (${\pm}31$) DIM, were assigned to four treatments in a completely randomized block design to study the effects of the three types of oilseeds on production parameters and milk fatty acid profile. The four diets were a control diet (CON) and three diets in which 10% extruded soybean (ESB), 5% ground canola seed (GCS) and 10% whole cottonseed (WCS) were included, respectively. Diets consisted of concentrate mix, corn silage and Chinese wild rye and were balanced to similar concentrations of CP, NDF and ADF. Ruminal fermentation results showed that ruminal fermentation parameters, dry matter intake and milk yield were not significantly affected by treatments. However, compared with the control, feeding cows with the three oilseed diets reduced C14:0 and C16:0 and elevated C18:0 and C18:1 concentrations in milk, and feeding ESB increased C18:2 and cis9, trans11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). Production results showed that feeding ESB tended to increase actual milk yield (30.85 kg/d vs. 29.29 kg/d) and significantly decreased milk fat percentage (3.53% vs. 4.06%) compared with CON. Milk protein (3.41%) and solid non-fat (13.27%) from cows fed WCS were significantly higher than from cows fed CON (3.24% and 12.63%, respectively). Milk urea N concentrations from cows fed the ESB (164.12 mg/L) and GCS (169.91 mg/L) were higher than cows fed CON (132.31 mg/L). However, intake of DM, 4% fat corrected milk, energy corrected milk, milk fat and protein yields, milk lactose percentage and yield, somatic cell count and body condition score were not affected by different treatments. The proportion of medium-chain fatty acid with 14 to 16 C units in milk was greatly decreased in cows fed ESB, GCS and WCS. Feeding ESB increased the concentration in milk of C18:1, C18:2, C18:3 and cis9, trans11-CLA content by 16.67%, 37.36%, 95.24%, 72.22%, respectively, feeding GCS improved C18:0 and C18:1 by 17.41% and 33.28%, respectively, and feeding WCS increased C18:0 by 31.01% compared with feeding CON. Both ruminal fermentation and production trial results indicated that supplementation of extruded soybean, ground canola seed and whole cottonseed could elevate the desirable poly- and monounsaturated fatty acid and decrease the medium chain fatty acid and saturated fatty acid content of milk fat without negative effects on ruminal fermentation and lactation performance.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.49-54
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• 1987

일반적인 식용채소류인 무우잎, 배추, 시금치, 냉이, 고추잎, 콩잎, 양배추를 시료로 하여 건물양에 대한 DF값으로 NDF, ADF, Lignin, Hemicellulose, Cellulose의 함량을 조사한 결과 NDF는 $12.9{\sim}41.9%$, ADF는 $7.7{\sim}16.9%$ Lignin은 $0.9{\sim}7.6%$, Hemicellulose는 $2.9{\sim}25.0%$, Cellulose는 $6.3{\sim}12.7%$로서 고추잎, 들깨잎, 콩잎에서는 높은 수치를 나타내었다. 물성적 측면에서는 DF의 Water-Holding Capacity(WHC)와 밀도를 조사하였는데 시료의 Acetone Dried Powedr(ADP)의 WHC는 $6.6{\sim}10.4(gwater/g\;ADP)$였고 무우잎, 콩잎에서는 높은 값을 나타내었으며 고추잎, 들깨잎에서는 다소 낮은 편이었다. 밀도에서는 대체로 Direct(non-packed) 값은 Bulk(packed) density와 상응하였다.