• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.55-66
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• 2020

Purpose: For bakery retailers that want to enter the Chinese market, this study seeks to draw implications through the analysis of Paris Baguette, Paul Bakery and local competitors. In particular, the study analyzes entry strategies, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of the companies. Research design, data and methodology: This study analyzed the Chinese bakery industry and overviewed the policy of bakery industry. The research method utilized Chinese Statistical Yearbook of Food Industry and literature related to Chinese bakery industry. Additionally, this study used case analysis methods for foreign and local bakery enterprises in the bakery industry. Results: During the rapid growth of bakery industry, Paris Baguette made a successful settlement by utilizing localization strategy; while on the contrary, Paul Bakery took a standardization strategy and failed in the Chinese market. Conclusions: Paris Baguette succeeded in launching localized products after thoroughly analyzing products that suit local tastes in China. However, Paul Bakery has been knocked out of the Chinese market for failing to capture the taste of the Chinese people by launching standardized products that reproduce French culture and taste. As such, the Chinese market is huge and differences exist in different provinces, so standardization and localization strategies should be appropriately utilized.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.345-361
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• 2019

In recent years, Chinese firms have explosively increased outward foreign direct investment (oFDI). While state-owned enterprises (SOEs) are still dominant in Chinese oFDI, privately-owned enterprises (POEs) are also accelerating their internationalization. These two types of Chinese firms differ in their behavior regarding oFDI. The objective of this paper is to analyze the differences in the choice of oFDI locations between Chinese SOEs and POEs by considering host country factors. By integrating the literature on Chinese firms' oFDI and on FDI locations, we developed six hypotheses concerning how host country factors affect their choice of location. We tested our hypotheses by conducting multiple regression analysis with recent secondary data on 413 Chinese MNEs in 88 countries between 2005 and 2016. The results of the test show that in selecting oFDI locations, Chinese SOEs invest relatively more in countries with richer natural resources, more abundant strategic assets, less production efficiency, higher political risk, and lower institutional quality compared with Chinese POEs. It is our hope that the empirical results of this paper will contribute to research on Chinese oFDI.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.47-55
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to analyze the housing form characteristics of Korean Chinese living around Chagbaek mountain in Chinese. The field survey of housing layout and form of houses and interview and observation methods were was used with the data which were obtained form literature and statistical materials of Chinese government. Their houses are called Guytle-house and their analysed characteristics are summarized as follows ; the housing plans are one room type and they tend to have wide site area, abundant storage spaces and efficient energy saving structure.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.17
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• pp.197-224
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• 2002

This paper aims to analyze the status and prospects of chinese e-commerce, review previous literature, and provide future direction for cooperation with far east asian area This study deals with the reform, the open and entering WTO of China economy to suddenly change domestic IT industry, legal regulation of Chinese e-commerce market and cooperation with far east asian area. Especially, Chinese e-commerce market is much developed in recently, but relative legal system is unsatisfactory. Therefore this paper research firstly the present conditions and characteristics of Chinese e-commerce market, secondly Chinese e-commerce policy and legal regulation tendency, thirdly the e-commerce activity between Korea and China, and cooperation with far east asian area.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.55-69
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• 2003

This study analyzed the contents of reading textbooks of Chinese-Korean $1^{st}$, $4^{th}$, and $7^{th}$ graders in Yanji, China with reference to ecological systems and values. Results showed that the literature genre of Korean textbooks in China was predominantly novels/stories(38.5%) rather than essays(13.7%), poems/verses/rhymes(16.2%) or others(31.6%). Characters were classified into 9 categories and analyzed by Bronfenbrenner's ecological paradigm. It was found that Chinese-Korean textbooks included more characters belonging to exo- or macro-systems including school, community, and government while Korean textbooks emphasized the self or the family, both belonging to the micro-system. Values in Chinese-Korean textbooks emphasized community and government. Korean textbooks emphasized individual life. Differences were more pronounced in textbooks of the upper grades.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.48-69
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• 2013

Objectives There are constant increase numbers of cases mumps in children. The purpose of this study is to analyze traditional Chinese medicine treatments of epidemic mumps in children through traditional Chinese medical journal research. Methods 20 studies were selected based on title keyword "Epidemic mumps" "Child" published in CAJ(China Academic Journal). Study researched about clinical effect, herbs, attachment, moxa, venesection treatments in epidemic mumps in children Results & Conclusions There are so many treatments about epidemic mumps in children through analyzing studies in CAJ. Single and combination traditional Chinese medicine treatment is more effective in epidemic mumps in children. Therefore, we need to study more about epidemic mumps in children and should make more clinical case about it.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.29-50
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• 2020

Although companies perform societal marketing activities across different cultural regions, previous research was predominantly centered on a specific cultural region-the West. To address this limitation in the literature, the current research examines societal marketing in the Chinese market considering cultural characteristics. China has become the largest market in the world with great potential growth for its vast consumer base. Since there is heterogeneity among regions in China, it is imperative to divide China into several markets for better understanding. Thus, this study investigates different responses of Chinese regional (coastal vs. inland) consumers toward Cause-related Marketing (CM). Our findings reveal that Chinese consumers, in general, prefer utilitarian CM products compared to hedonic CM products, which is the opposite result of findings of the previous research. Further, this was truer for consumers in inland regions, while coastal consumers did not display any preference by product type. The academic and practical implications, limitations, and directions for future research are discussed.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Information Technology Applications Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.321-349
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• 2007

The objective of this study is to investigate factors influencing trust on internet shopping mall and to examine whether these factors on trust have differences between Korean and Chinese users. Based on the literature reviews, this study employs six factors in two groups of influencing factors, web-site characteristics and individual characteristics as key determinants of trust in internet shopping mall. Analysis of 470 responses (Korean: 320 users, Chinese: 150 users) of survey questionnaire indicates the following: In terms of the relationship between web-site characteristics factors and the trust, the results showed clear differences between Korean and Chinese samples. For the Korean samples, transaction security and interactivity were the only significant influencing factors. For the Chinese samples, perceived reputation and perceived size were the only significant factors. In terms of individual characteristics factors, the influencing factors were found identical for the samples. Both propensity to trust and familiarity were significant factors in both Korean and Chinese samples. Based on the findings, managerial implications are discussed in building user trust in internet shopping mall in Korean and Chinese market.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.661-680
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to examine to change in the Chinese women's clothing according to the inflow of Western culture in the first half of the both century As for the research method, both literature and visual data are reviewed. Research results are as follows: The Step of transition in clothing by period followed beginning stage, adopted stage, early developed stage, fully developed stage, and static stage. fully developed stage showed a perfect compromise while being applied to Chinese costume with being introduced a three-dimensional cutting method of western clothing even to the constitution as well as to the appearance. Design elements from western clothing are as follows. The transition of silhouette is box silhouette, trapeze silhouette, shift silhouette, and fitted silhouette. In detail and trimming, tailored, band, convertible, shirts collar and zigzag, scallop, camisole neckline and puff, cap sleeve and flounced, bell shaped cuffs and western button, zipper, etc. are adopted. Finally, the Chinese modern style are formed by accepting and transforming the western clothing based on the traditional Chinese clothing.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.365-374
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was designed to explore and compare the self efficacy, social support, and quality of life between middle-aged Korean and Chinese women. Methods: The sample included 430 (Korean: 220, Chinese: 210) middle-aged women. Study instruments were the Self Efficacy Scale developed by Shere et al (1982), the Social Support Scale modified and based on Interpersonal Support Evaluation List (ISEL) developed by Cohen and Hoberman (1983), and The Quality of Life Scale (SF-36) developed by Ware and Book (1981). Data were analyzed by SPSS/WIN 16 version. Results: Korean women reported more self efficacy and better quality of life than the Chinese women. The quality of life scores between middle-aged Korean and Chinese women showed a statistical significant difference. Self efficacy and quality of life scores reported by middle-aged Korean and Chinese women were below the reported standards of the instruments. In contrast to the other scores, Chinese women reported more social support than Korean women. Conclusion: The findings add to the body of literature about Chinese and Korean middle aged women. Additional research is needed to explain the differences among the two groups but the findings can inform the practicing nurse who works with these populations.