• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한음성학회 1996년도 10월 학술대회지
• /
• pp.472-472
• /
• 1996

The material of database for speech recognition should include phonetic phenomena as much as possible. At the same time, such material should be phonetically compact with low redundancy[1, 2]. The phonetic phenomena in continuous speech is the key problem in speech recognition. This paper describes the processing of a set of sentences collected from the database of 1993 and 1994 "People's Daily"(Chinese newspaper) which consist of news, politics, economics, arts, sports etc.. In those sentences, both phonetic phenometla and sentence patterns are included. In continuous speech, phonemes always appear in the form of allophones which result in the co-articulary effects. The task of designing a speech database should be concerned with both intra-syllabic and inter-syllabic allophone structures. In our experiments, there are 404 syllables, 415 inter-syllabic diphones, 3050 merged inter-syllabic triphones and 2161 merged final-initial structures in read speech. Statistics on the database from "People's Daily" gives and evaluation to all of the possible phonetic structures. In this sentence set, we first consider the phonetic balances among syllables, inter-syllabic diphones, inter-syllabic triphones and semi-syllables with their junctures. The syllabic balances ensure the intra-syllabic phenomena such as phonemes, initial/final and consonant/vowel. the rest describes the inter-syllabic jucture. The 1560 sentences consist of 96% syllables without tones(the absent syllables are only used in spoken language), 100% inter-syllabic diphones, 67% inter-syllabic triphones(87% of which appears in Peoples' Daily). There are rougWy 17 kinds of sentence patterns which appear in our sentence set. By taking the transitions between syllables into account, the Chinese speech recognition systems have gotten significantly high recognition rates[3, 4]. The following figure shows the process of collecting sentences. [people's Daily Database] -> [segmentation of sentences] -> [segmentation of word group] -> [translate the text in to Pin Yin] -> [statistic phonetic phenomena & select useful paragraph] -> [modify the selected sentences by hand] -> [phonetic compact sentence set]

• 대한예방한의학회지
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.115-128
• /
• 2009

Background : Currently, ontology research has led the trend of technical development in medical informatics area. For Korean medicine, the reference terminology should be developed to facilitate the ontology research. Objective : This research aimed to design the management system for traditional Korean medical terms. Method :We built the internet-based system in which multi-users work simultaneously by using the relational database system(SQL Server2005) and visual studio 2005. Result : By this system, researchers can collect, refine, and inspect Korean medicine terms efficiently, and the terms can be transcribed into synonym, Korean, Chinese, and simplified Chinese. It enables the terms be input into the system accurately and managed by its classification. Conclusion : We developed the concept groups and its hierarchy system for Korean medicine terms which provides the basis for ontology system.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• 제63권5호
• /
• pp.550-558
• /
• 2020

To perform a systematic review of the data collected from case-control studies conducted earlier to investigate the correlation between E-selectin S128R polymorphism and ischemic stroke (IS) risk among the Chinese population. The PubMed, Web of Science, Chinese biomedical literature database (CBM), Chinese databases China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WanfangData knowledge service platform (Wanfang Data), and information resource integration service platform (VIP) Databases were searched to retrieve case-control studies on the correlation between E-selectin gene S128R polymorphism and IS from the inception of the database till June 2019. The literature was screened, data were extracted, the risk of bias was reviewed, and the studies included were assessed independently by two reviewers. Stata ver. 12.0 software (Stata Corp LLC, College Station, TX, USA) was used to perform the meta-analysis. A total of 2907 cases from eight case-control studies involving 1478 IS patients and 1429 controls were included in this study. The R allele and RS genotype in E-selectin were found to be associated with the risk of IS as per the results of the meta-analysis (R vs. S : odds ratio [OR], 2.75; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.15-3.51; p<0.00001; RS vs. SS : OR, 2.50; 95% CI, 1.95-3.19; p<0.00001; RR+RS vs. SS : OR, 2.85, 95% CI, 2.21-3.67; p<0.00001). The E-selectin gene S128R polymorphism is likely related to IS based on the results of a meta-analysis in the Chinese population, and the R allele and RS genotype of E-selectin may be IS risk factors.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
• /
• 제32권4호
• /
• pp.130-140
• /
• 2019

Objective : The purpose of this study is to examine the treatment of allergic rhinitis introduced in the Chinese guideline, and to find out the direction of evidence-establishment and applicability in developing Korean Medicine clinical practice guideline for allergic rhinitis. Method : We studied Traditional Chinese Medicine treatment of allergic rhinitis introduced in the 2018 Chinese society of allergy guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of allergic rhinitis. The treatment are classified into three categories; herbal medicines, acupuncture and the others. And we compared this guidelines with other guidelines for how they differ in description of the database, evidence of level, and strength of recommendation. Results : Herbal medicines are presented based on syndrome differentiation. The basic acupoints for allergic rhinitis are introduced as follows; Fengchi(GB20), Yingxiang(LI20), Feishu(BL13) and Taiyuan(LU9). And in comparison with other guidelines for allergic rhinitis, the Chinese guideline showed lack of description in the database, evidence of level, and strength of recommendation, though they used evidence-based models. Conclusions : Clinical practice guideline projects are also underway in Korea for benefit expansion and improving quality of medical services. It is important to develop guidelines which should be evidence-based and reflect Korean medical environment.

• 아태비즈니스연구
• /
• 제12권3호
• /
• pp.175-192
• /
• 2021

Purpose - In this study, we investigate the effects of government environmental subsidies and the globalization Chinese firms on their profitability using return on assets (ROA). Design/methodology/approach - In this study, a merged data including accounting, financial market, subsidization of the Chinese governments, local and the central, and export activities of 19,563 year-firms, for those listed on Shanghai Stock and Shenzhen Stock Exchange for 11 years from 2008 to 2018 is used. We collect subsidy data from RESSET database and financial data from CSMAR database. Then, we empirically test the test hypotheses using fixed effects models (FEM) separately and in a simultaneous equation model (SEM). Findings - Firstly, the globalization of Chinese firms has a negative impact on their profitability for some years after the year. Secondly, environmental subsidies just like other subsidies have ameliorating effects on financial performance for global firms. Such effects have lasted some years. Thirdly, environmental investments have a mostly negative impact on short- and long-term profitability for global firms. Lastly, the government's environmental subsidies in China have a positive effect on their profitability for both global and domestic firms. Research implications or Originality - We can infer that environmental investments with the help of the governmental subsidies can help Chinese firms deploy global strategies to expand markets to surpass competitors in the long run despite worsening profitability in global markets in the short run.

• 턱관절균형의학회지
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.7-14
• /
• 2022

Objectives: Dementia is a disease in which a person maintains a normal intellectual level during the growth period, but has acquired cognitive impairment and personality change. In this study, we tried to check whether the network pharmacology analysis method is useful in the search for herbal medicine resources for the treatment of dementia. Methods: The Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP) database is a database frequently used in Chinese medicine research. We used the TCMSP to identify herbal medicines and their molecular targets that can be used for dementia by using network pharmacology research methods. Results: It was possible to select 28 types of components that are expected to be active by applying them to the living body, and 75 types of targets that these components act on were secured. In addition, 16 kinds of drugs were identified by checking the drugs containing 28 kinds of ingredients, and it was found that Radix Salviae contained 2 kinds of the selected 28 kinds of ingredients. Conclusions: Through this study, we were able to identify ingredients, drugs, and targets that can be used for basic and clinical research on dementia.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
• /
• 제30권4호
• /
• pp.133-142
• /
• 2020

Objectives Studies on Chinese herbal injections are increasing. But, its safety are still not well reported. We have reviewed the literature related to the safety of Chinese herbal injection, especially those related to anaphylaxis. Methods The PubMed database was used to select the literatures related to anaphylaxis in China and to study the quality control and safety of Chinese herbal injection. Results Chinese herbal injection is a major traditional medical treatment in China, but it is the cause of adverse drug reactions including anaphylaxis. In order to solve this problem, various proposals have been made to identify the pharmacological and chemical causes of major side effects and to use them safely clinically. In addition, various researches have been conducted from preclinical to postmarketing surveillance to secure the safety of Chinese herbal injection. Based on this, it was found that various efforts are needed to secure the safety of bee sting needles. Conclusion In order to secure the safety of chinese herbal injections, it is necessary to identify the main mechanism of action and the pharmacological components contributing to it, and to develop a standardized formulation based on this. In addition, institutional pharmacovigilance is required.

• 천문학논총
• /
• 제30권2호
• /
• pp.695-697
• /
• 2015

The wind field and precipitable water vapor over the Tibetan Plateau are analyzed using the numerical model WRF. The spatial and vertical distributions of the relevant meteorological factors are summarized, providing evidence for selecting and further evaluating an astronomical site. This study serves as a further demonstration towards astro-climate regionalization, and provides us with an essential database for an astronomical site survey over the Tibetan Plateau.

• 대한한방내과학회지
• /
• 제42권6호
• /
• pp.1184-1198
• /
• 2021

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the latest clinical studies on Korean medicine treatment of post-concussion syndrome (PCS) in the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure Database (CNKI). Methods: We searched the last 10 years of clinical studies discussing Oriental medicine-based treatments for PCS in the CNKI database. The search focused on the authors, publication year, type of study, purpose of the study, method and duration of treatment, evaluation criteria, and results of each article. Results: Of the 22 selected studies, 1 was a non-randomized controlled trial (nRCT), 2 were case series, and 19 were randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Treatments included oral herbal medicine in 16 studies, oriental medicine through external use in 2 studies, acupuncture in 3 studies, and traditional Chinese medicine injection in 2 studies. The most frequently used herb was Cnidii Rhizoma (川芎). All 22 studies confirmed the efficacy of Oriental medicine treatments. Conclusion: More varied and scientifically designed clinical studies are required to develop treatments for PCS. The results of this study could be used as basic data for further PCS studies.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.133-139
• /
• 2012

Objective : UMLS is 'Ontology' which establishes the database for medical terminology by gathering various medical vocabularies representing same fundamental concepts. Method : Although Chinese character are represented in the Chinese part of Korean Unicode system in a computer, writing of Chinese characters is vary depending on Chinese input systems and Chinese writers' levels of knowledge. As the result of this, representation of Chinese writing in a computer will be considerably different from an old Chinese document. Therefore, a meaningful relationship between digital Chinese terminology and translated Korean is necessary in order to build Ontology for Chinese medical terms from Oriental medical prescription in a computer system. Result : This research will present 1:1 mapping information among the Chinese characters used in the Oriental medical prescription with analysis of 'same character different sound' and 'same meaning different shape' in Chinese part of Unicode systems. Conclusions : Furthermore, the research will provide top-down menu of relationship between Chinese term and Korean term in medical prescription with assumption of that the Oriental medical prescription has its own unique meaning.