• 자원환경지질
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.231-240
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• 2015

본 조사에서 사용된 중국 본초도감(本草圖鑑)에서는 총 93종의 광물성 약재가 보고되었고, 동의보감(東醫寶鑑)에서는 총 77종이 수재되었는데, 토부(토부) 18종, 옥부(玉部) 4종, 석부(석부) 55종으로 나누어 기술되었으며, 현재 전국한의과대학 교재인 본초학(本草學)에서는 23종이 수재되었다. 이 중 아토피피부염 외용제로 활용 가능한 약물은 동의보감(東醫寶鑑)에서는 주사(朱砂), 반석(礬石), 녹반(綠礬, 靑礬), 웅황(雄黃), 자황(雌黃), 석류황(石硫黃, 崑崙黃), 석회(石灰, 惡灰) 등 7종이 선별되었고, 本草圖鑑에서 15종으로 東醫寶鑑에서 선별된 광물약재 7종과 활석(滑石), 경분(輕粉), 연단(鉛丹), 노감석(爐甘石), 석(錫), 수은(水銀), 밀타승(密陀僧), 은주(銀朱) 등이 선별되었다. 本草學에서는 석고(石膏), 망초(芒硝), 활석(滑石), 주사(朱砂), 유황(硫黃), 비석(砒石), 웅황(雄黃), 경분(輕粉), 연단(鉛丹), 노감석(爐甘石), 붕사(硼砂), 금박(金箔), 한수석(寒水石) 등 14종이 선별되었다. 전반적으로 한의학적 이론인 이독치독(以毒治毒)에 의해 독성이 있는 약물이 대부분을 차지하고 있어, 매우 정교한 독성제거 방식 즉 수치 방식을 통한 독성제거를 실시한 후 사용되었다. 따라서 약물로 사용하는 경우 비독성 약물을 제외한 독성 약물은 현대적 방식에 의해 독성제거를 어떻게 것인가에 대한 논의가 필요할 것으로 보인다. 이 밖의 주요성분 또는 많은 함량을 가진 화합물 위주로 분류한 광물약재 역시 유의적인 결과 도출이 있을 수 있어 다양한 실험 및 분석기법을 통하여 효능 평가가 이루어질 경우 아토피피부염뿐만 아니라 염증성 질환에 광범위하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.635-644
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• 2001

This study was carried out to investigate the intake patterns of health food according to the kind of disease of the elderly aged over 60 years living in the Chuncheon area. This study was conducted by using a questionnaire from December 1999 to the March 2000. The data was analyzed using a SPSS program. The results were summarized as follows : The poorer the self- perceived health condition, the lower the level of activity of daily living(ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living(IADL) were the higher. the frequency score of health food intake. The incidence of disease, such as arthritis(44.7%), hypertension(18.8%), digestive diseases(17.1%), diabetes(10.5%) were found to be higher. than other chronic diseases among the elderly. The frequency score of health food intake was not significantly different according to self-perceived health status, disease status, or the level of ADL and IADl.. The must important source of information for health food intake was the recommendation of friends and relatives(68.7%). Twenty eight point two percent of the elderly considered health foods to be effective, however 8.3% of the elderly considered them to be ineffective. The elderly with chronic diseases had taken health floods in the descending order of neuralgia-arthritis, hypertension, digestive disease, diabetes. The elderly with digestive diseases, diabetes, renal disease, neuralgia- arthritis and respiratory disease were inclined to habitually take health floods once or twice per year. Intake of Korean traditional folk food was as high as intake of registered health food and Chinese tonic medicine. The most frequently taken health food was tonic medicine, which is fo11owed by pumpkin, ginseng products, herbal tea formula with black goat, deer antler and Kye-so-ju. Intakes of health food such as tonic medicine, blood of the deer, royal jelly, aloe were found to be higher among the elderly with chronic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, and digestive disease. However, intakes of ginseng products, deer antler, pumpkin, herbal tea formula with black goat and Kye-so-ju were found to be higher among the healthy elderly. The elderly with neuralgia-arthritis had taken sixteen kinds of health foods. From these results, a wide consumer education program should be developed to convince people of the importance of well-balanced diet and to choose proper health foods according to the elderly's health conditions. Also, comprehensive and scientific research into Korean traditional folk foods are needed for the correct use.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.36-49
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• 2014

Objectives: Quercetin and curcuminoids are important bioactive compounds found in many herbs. Previously reported high performance liquid chromatography ultraviolet (HPLC-UV) methods for the detection of quercetin and curcuminoids have several disadvantages, including unsatisfactory separation times and lack of validation according the standard guidelines of the International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use. Methods: A rapid, specific, reversed phase, HPLC-UV method with an isocratic elution of acetonitrile and 2% v/v acetic acid (40% : 60% v/v) (pH 2.6) at a flow rate of 1.3 mL/minutes, a column temperature of $35^{\circ}C$, and ultraviolet (UV) detection at 370 nm was developed. The method was validated and applied to the quantification of different types of market available Chinese medicine extracts, pills and tablets. Results: The method allowed simultaneous determination of quercetin, bisdemethoxycurcumin, demethoxycurcumin and curcumin in the concentration ranges of $0.00488-200{\mu}g/mL$, $0.625-320{\mu}g/mL$, $0.07813-320{\mu}g/mL$ and $0.03906-320{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The limits of detection and quantification, respectively, were 0.00488 and $0.03906{\mu}g/mL$ for quercetin, 0.62500 and $2.50000{\mu}g/mL$ for bisdemethoxycurcumin, 0.07813 and $0.31250{\mu}g/mL$ for demethoxycurcumin, and 0.03906 and $0.07813{\mu}g/mL$ for curcumin. The percent relative intra day standard deviation (% RSD) values were $0.432-0.806{\mu}g/mL$, $0.576-0.723{\mu}g/mL$, $0.635-0.752{\mu}g/mL$ and $0.655-0.732{\mu}g/mL$ for quercetin, bisdemethoxycurcumin, demethoxycurcumin and curcumin, respectively, and those for intra day precision were $0.323-0.968{\mu}g/mL$, $0.805-0.854{\mu}g/mL$, $0.078-0.844{\mu}g/mL$ and $0.275-0.829{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The intra day accuracies were 99.589%-100.821%, 98.588%-101.084%, 9.289%-100.88%, and 98.292%-101.022% for quercetin, bisdemethoxycurcumin, demethoxycurcumin and curcumin, respectively, and the inter day accuracy were 99.665%-103.06%, 97.669%-103.513%, 99.569%-103.617%, and 97.929%-103.606%, respectively. Conclusion: The method was found to be simple, accurate and precise and is recommended for routine quality control analysis of commercial Chinese medicine products containing the flour flavonoids as their principle components in the extracts.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.111-133
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• 2017

Objectives : Dryness pathogen, which is one of six pathogenic factors, causes dryness diseases. Currently, the theory on dryness disease is composed of external dryness and internal dryness. External dryness, in turn, is composed of cool dryness and warm dryness. However, these categorizations and their symptoms bear ambiguity for many reasons. Therefore, this paper aims to review various texts in order to study the special features of dryness pathogen and dryness disease. Methods : Texts that deal with dryness pathogen and dryness disease were studied. Most texts are comprised of dissertations and historical medical texts, therefore, CNKI and The Sikuquanshu's databases, and Traditional Chinese Medical(TCM) book webdatabases were utilized. Materials are listed in chronological order, and their main points regarding dryness pathogen and dryness disease are compared. Results & Conclusions : It is difficult to accept the assertion that dryness pathogen does not lead to external dryness. Dryness does not have the elements of chill and fever in itself. Dryness's elements of chill and fever are determined in the ways they combine with each individual element. Moreover, the symptoms of chill and fever on dryness disease are subject to the host's body type. External dryness and internal dryness cannot be discussed within an identical premise. Whereas the dryness in external dryness signifies the cause of a disease, the dryness in internal dryness is the consequence of a disease. In other words, internal dryness revolves around cause of disease and external dryness revolves around the mechanic of disease. It's difficult to determine whether these diseases are caused by dryness or wetness in Autumn. There is an understanding which integrates these together through the Yunqi theory, but it is imperfect.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.33-45
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• 2014

Objectives : Zizyphi spinosi Semen is widely used for treating insomnia in korea and other oriental country. This study is analyzing combination tendency of Zizyphi spinosi Semen in herbal formula for treating insomnia. Methods : Herbal formulas for treating insomia were searched in "The Prescription Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Medicine", and checked in each literary source. Then, the herbal formula was divided in two groups : FCZ(The formula group containing Zizyphi spinosi Semen) and FWZ(The formula group without Zizyphi spinosi Semen). FCZ and FWZ were compared by following criteria; i) Prevalence of herbal formula by period ii) Prevalence of medicinal material's effects iii) Prevalence of medicinal material iv) Prevalence of the nature of midicinals v) Prevalence of flavor of medicinals vi) Prevalence of meridian entry. Results : 116 Herbal formula met our criteria, and herbal formulas were divided in two groups : FCZ(n=59), FWZ(n=57). The result of prevalence in FCZ is following; Herbal formula prevalence increased as time passed to the Qing(淸) dynasty. Tonifying and replenishing medicinal(補益藥), tranquillizing medicinal (安神藥), and inducing diuresis to drain dampness medicinal(利水滲濕藥) are the three most prevalent types of materia medica. In specifically, Panax ginseng radix(人蔘), Liriopis Tuber(麥門冬), Angelicae Gigantis Radix(當歸), Poria Cocos(茯神), Glycyrrhizae Radix(甘草), Poria cocos(茯神), Polygalae Radix(遠志), Thuja Orientalis L.(柏子仁), Paeonia Japonica(白芍藥), and HgS(硃砂) are combined frequently. The most prevalent nature of medicinals were 'warm microwarm(溫 微溫)' and flavor of medicinals was normal(平). Meridian entrys that frequently combined were heart(心), spleen(脾), and liver(肝). Conclusion : We found combination tendency of Zizyphi Semen in herbal formula for treating insomnia.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.684-692
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• 2002

Cordyceps militaris has been known as a Chinese traditional medicine for the treatment of tuberculosis, asthma, kidney disease, debility and fatigue etc. This study was attempted to investigate the therapeutic effect of C. militaris extract on the cytotoxic activity of HepG2, human hepatocellular carcinoma cells and the liver damage induced by carbon tetrachloride in SD rats. C. militaris extracts inhibited significantly the proliferation of HepG2 cells in vitro. Carbon tetrachloride(CCl₄) caused a significant an increase in liver weight, serum aspartate aminotransferase(AST) and alanine aminotransferase(ALT) activity, alkaline phosphatase(ALP), serum thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), microsomal TBARS, and decrease in microsomal detoxification enzymes (cytochrome P-450, P-450 reductase, cytochrome b5, b5 reductase). TBARS and ALP in serum pretreated with C. militaris extracts (300mg/kg/day, 600mg/kg/day) was significantly reduced compared to control group(CCl₄). Cytochrome b5 and b5 reductase activities were significantly increased in CM300 (300 mg/kg/day) and CM600 group(600 mg/kg/day), and cytochrome P-450 reductase was significantly increased in CM300 group. Pretreatment (100, 300, and 600 mg/kg/day for 7 days) of C. militaris with CCl₄ was significantly inhibited the accumulation microsomal TBARS and the significantly increased in the cytochrome P-450 activity. These results suggested that C. militaris (300mg/kg/day for 7 days) has appreciable therapeutic effect on CCl₄ induced hepatotoxicity.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.392-399
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• 2007

Objective : Arsenic trioxide ($As_2O_3$) has been used as an anticancer agent in traditional Chinese medicine for thousand years and berberine is an isoquinoline alkaloid present that has indicated significant antimicrobial activity. We have examined the combined anticancer effects of $As_2O_3$ and berberine against the human neuroblastoma (HNB) SH-SY5Y cells in vitro, and to elucidate underlying molecular mechanism. Methods : HNB SH-SY5Y cells were treated with $2\;{\mu}M\;As_2O_3$ and $75\;{\mu}g/ml$ berberine, and their survival, cell death mechanism as well as synergistic cytotoxic effects were estimated by using MTT assay, DAPI staining, agarose gel electrophoresis, flow cytometric analysis, and western blot analysis. Results : The combined treatment of two drugs also markedly decreased cell viability. The cytotoxic effects of two drugs were revealed as apoptosis characterized by chromatin condensation, DNA fragmentation, and the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. The apoptotic cytotoxicity was accompanied by activation of caspase-3 protease as well as decreased the expression of Bcl-2, Bid, and Bcl-x/L. In addition, the cells treated with combination of two drugs also showed significantly increased intracellular reactive oxygen species levels and lipid peroxidation compared to cells $As_2O_3$or berberine only. Conclusion : Combined treatment of $As_2O_3$ with berberine induced activation of apoptotic signaling pathways in HNB SH-SY5Y cells. These results suggest that the possibility of the combined treatment of two chemotherapeutic agents with low concentration improving cytotoxic effect for cancer cells with minimal side effects.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.46-52
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• 2014

In traditional Korean and Chinese medicine, safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) for the treatment of central nervous system-related symptoms such as tremor, seizure, stroke and epilepsy. We investigated the effects of safflower could influence cerebral ischemia-induced neuronal and cognitive impairments. Administration of safflower for 1 day (200 mg/kg body weight, p.o.) increased the survival of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons after transient global brain ischemia. And neurological functions measured as short term memory. Post-treatment with safflower for 2 times decreased the induction/reduction - induced production of neuronal cell loss from global cerebral ischemia. Safflower markedly decreased neuronal cell death and also caused a decrease in the content of thiobarbituric acid-reacting substances (TBARS) ($55.2{\pm}9.4{\mu}mol\;mg^{-1}$) and significant improvement of activities of glutathione (GSH) ($27.2{\pm}5.0{\mu}mol\;mg^{-1}$) in hippocampus. We conclude that treatment with safflower attenuated learning and memory deficits, and neuronal cell loss induced by global cerebral ischemia. These results suggest that safflower may be a potential candidate for the treatment of vascular dementia.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.15-23
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• 2016

Objectives : Araliae Continentalis Radix and Angelicae Pubescentis Radix have been used as the same medicinal name Korean and Chinese traditional medicines, respectively. The authentic Araliae Continentalis Radix is described only the root of Aralia continentalis in the Korean Pharmarcopoeia. However, the dried root of Angelica biserrata, Levisticum officinale, or Heracleum moellendorffii also has been distributed adulterants of Araliae Continentalis Radix. To develop a reliable method for identifying Araliae Continentalis Radix from adulterants, we carried out the analyses of universal DNA barcode sequences.Methods : Four plants species were collected from different habitate and nucleotide sequences of matK and rbcL were analyzed. The species-specific sequences and phylogenetic relationship were estimated using entire sequences of two DNA barcodes, respectively.Results : In comparative analysis of matK sequences, we were identified 104 positions of marker nucleotide for Ar. continentalis, 3 for An. biserrata, 4 for L. officinale and 8 for H. moellendorffii enough to distinguish individual species, respectively. Furthermore, we obtained marker nucleotides in rbcL at 42 positions for Ar. continentalis, 5 for An. biserrata and 2 for H. moellendorffii, but not for L. officinale. The phylogenetic tree of matK and rbcL were showed that all samples were clustered into four groups constituting homogeneous clades within the species.Conclusions : We confirmed that species-specific marker nucleotides of matK sequence provides distinct genetic information enough to identify four species. Therefore, we suggest that matK gene is useful DNA barcode for discriminating authentic Araliae Continentalis Radix from inauthentic adulterants.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.431-436
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• 2012

Dioscorea species continue to be used in traditional Chinese medicine, and represent a major source of steroid precursors for conventional medicine. In the previous study, We isolated glycoprotein (GDB) from Dioscorea batatas, characterized, and demonstrated immunostimulating activity in C57BL/6 mice. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism whereby GDB activates macrophages. Macrophages activation by GDB was investigated by analyzing the effects of GDB on nitric oxide (NO) production, iNOS expression, mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation, and transcription factor activation. In the presence of IFN-${\gamma}$, GDB strongly stimulated macrophages to express iNOS and produce NO. Furthermore, the activation of p38 was synergistically induced by GDB plus IFN-${\gamma}$, but SB203580 (a p38 inhibitor) inhibited GDB plus IFN-${\gamma}$-induced p38 activation. This study indicates that GDB is an important activator of macrophages. Furthermore, due to the critical role that macrophage activation plays in innate immune response, the activation effects of GDB on macrophages suggest that GDB may be a useful immunopotentiating agent.