• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.49-105
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• 2007

Objectives : Select and analyze the case record of dyspnea and wheezing asthma recorded in Xu Ming Yi Lei An that is the most abundant and wide in contents in existing case records that are systematic, comprehending relatively modern Traditional Chinese Medicine to secure more deep and objective basis of Traditional Chinese Medicine approach for dyspnea and wheezing asthma to analyze and review possibility for clinical application in this study. Methods: The study was conducted with the case records of dyspnea and wheezing asthma in whole Xu Ming Yi Lei An. Pattern identify and classify selected case records and again classified with deficiency syndrome and excess syndrome. Also analyzed prescriptions and herbs used in the case records. Nature of herbs and properties and flavors that were used in the case records were classified and frequency of each nature of herbs were analyzed. Applicable case records were interpreted and suggested prescriptions, pulse feelings, pattern classification were analyzed and described. Results : Among the 5254 case records stated on the complete collection, it is researched that there are 63 case records for the symptom complex of dyspnea as 1.2% of the whole case records, and the case records on the symptom complex of wheezing asthma are 14 as the 0.27% of the total examples. 63 case record examples related with symptom complex of dyspnea were pattern identified and classified. As a result, deficiency syndrome of the Kidney(33 %), deficiency syndrome of the Spleen(26.0%), Wind-Cold(12.3%), phlegm turbidity(12.3%), Heat in the Lung(8.2%), asthenia of the Lung(8.2%) were investigated as above order. 14 case record examples related with wheezing asthma were pattern identified and classified. As a result, phlegm-Heat(26.3%), upper excess and lower deficiency(26.3%), external affections Wind-Cold(15.8%), Dampness-phlegm(10.5%), Lung asthenia(10.5%), Cold phlegm(5.3%), mutual deficiency and detriment of Heart and Kidneys(5.3%) were investigated as above order. Symptom complex of dyspnea has 67.1% of deficiency syndrome, 32.9% of excess syndrome resulting more deficiency syndrome than excess syndrome. Symptom complex of wheezing asthma has 42.1 % of deficiency syndrome and 57.9% of excess syndrome resulting more excess syndrome than deficiency syndrome. In case of symptom complex of dyspnea prescription used in the case record, the order of frequency is as following. Palmijihwang-tang, Bojung-ikgitang, Yungmijihwang-tang, Ijintang, Sojaganggitang, Igongsan. In case of symptom complex of wheezing asthma prescription in the case record, Yungmijihwang-tang, Ohotang, Dodamtang were mostly used. Herbs used in case records of symptom complex of dyspnea are Ginseng Radix, Poria, Glycyrrhizae Radix, Aconiti Iateralis Preparata Radix, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, Dioscoreae Rhizoma, Angelicae Gigantis Radix, Rehmanniae Radix Preparat, Pinelliae Rhizoma, Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens are mostly used. Nature of herb properties used for symptom complex of dyspnea and symptom complex of wheezing asthma are herbs that are warm properties. When the symptom complex of dyspnea and the symptom complex of wheezing asthma were treated. if the patient felt tenderness at Pyesu, doctors conducted pricking blood around the opposite Pyesu or Sipseon acupoint. when the patient didn't have tenderness at Pyesu by soft press, pricking blood was performed both sidees, right and left Pyesu. In case of the treatment of symptom complex of dyspnea and symptom complex of wheezing asthma, when they got treatment, when the symptom complex of disease is severe, a doctor cauterized the opposite Pyesu while the other Pyesu felt tenderness, and decided how the above treatment is performed whether the degree of the symptom compolex of disease is severe or not. In case of the treatment of symptom complex of dyspnea and symptom complex of wheezing asthma, if the person felt tenderness at Pyesu and is caught by the Wind-Cold pathogen, slight acupuncture is treated at relevant Pyesu with Fire needling. When patient with symptom complex of dyspnea and symptom complex of wheezing asthma cannot hawk sputum up from the oral and laryngopharynx, suction method is treated. Conclusion : With this study, actual traditional and clinical pattern identification form and characteristics of symptom complex of dyspnea and symptom complex of wheezing asthma were recognized. Modern case report utilizing in clinical application need to be secured and an incurable disease asthma need to be diagnosed and improvement for treatments have to be searched through other case records.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.237-250
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• 2018

Objectives : This study is a pharmacological network approach, aimed to identify the potential active compounds contained in Curcumae Radix, and their associated targets, to predict the various bio-reactions involved, and finally to establish the cornerstone for the deep-depth study of the representative mechanisms. Methods : The active compounds of Curcumae Radix have been identified using Traditional Chinese Medicine System Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform. The UniProt database was used to collect each of information of all target proteins associated with the active compounds. To find the bio-metabolic processes associated with each target, the DAVID6.8 Gene Functional classifier tool was used. Compound-Target and Target-Pathway networks were analyzed via Cytoscape 3.40. Results : The target information from 32 potential active compounds of Curcumae Radix was collected through TCMSP analysis. The active compounds interact with 133 target genes engaging in total of 885 biological pathways. The most relevant pathway was the lipid-related metabolism, in which 3 representative active compounds were naringenin, oleic acid, and ${\beta}-sitosterol$. The mostly targeted proteins in the lipid pathway were ApoB, AKT1 and PPAR. Conclusions : The pharmacological network analysis is convenient approach to predict the overall metabolic mechanisms in medicinal herb research, which can reduce the processes of various experimental trial and error and provide key clues that can be used to validate and experimentally verify the core compounds.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2017

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the pattern characteristics of symptoms for ADHD, the relationship between pattern identifications in TKM and TCM and three presentations of ADHD defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). Methods The pattern characteristics of symptoms for ADHD from the 13 Korean and Chinese literatures were analyzed. ADHD symptoms of each pattern were classified into 3 categories; symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity-impulsivity and others. The characteristics of patterns for ADHD in Traditional Medicine were compared with three presentations of ADHD defined in DSM-5. Results 1. The pattern of dual deficiency of the heart and spleen (心脾兩虛) showed predominant symptoms of inattention and rarely showed those of severe hyperactivity and impulsivity. This characteristic of ADHD can be related to the predominantly inattentive presentation in DSM-5. 2. The pattern of phlegm-fire harassing the heart (痰火擾心), and the pattern of deficiency of liver-yin and kidney-yin (肝腎陰虛), frequently showed symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity compared with those of inattention. This characteristic of ADHD can be related to the predominantly hyperactive-impulsive presentation in DSM-5. 3. The pattern of spleen weakness and liver energy preponderance (脾虛肝旺) frequently showed both symptoms of hyperactivity, and this characteristic of ADHD can be related to the combined presentation in DSM-5. Conclusions This study showed the relationship between three presentations of ADHD defined in DSM-5 and the pattern identifications of ADHD in TKM and TCM.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.11-40
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• 2017

Purpose : The purpose of this article is to make a clarification that Hwang Doyeon(黃度淵) was a official doctor(醫官) who even served as royal doctor(御醫), rather than merely a general doctor who worked in the private sector. The article also attempts to give a new perspective on the medical history about the late period of Joseon(朝鮮) Dynasty. Methods : In researching Hwang Doyeon's master work, the Gains and Losses of Medical Orthodoxy(醫宗損益), the article looks at his clinical medicines. Analyzing the historical records, the article makes an assumption that Hwang Doyeon and Hwang Dosoon(黃道淳), who was selected as an officer to discuss medicine with other medical officers(議藥同參), are the identical person. On this assumption, the article tries to reinterpret the medicine during the later Joseon Dynasty period. Result & Conclusion : The records, including the royal medical treatment records of the Gains and Losses of Medical Orthodoxy, the Daily Records of Royal Secretariat(承政院日記), the genealogy of Changwon Hwangs(昌原黃氏世譜), academic paper and government documents released posthumously, demonstrated that Hwang Doyeon and Hwang Dosoon are the same person. If so, we can have new historical interpretation about medical history of late Joseon Dynasty. First, during the late of Joseon Dynasty, there was an official and active medical knowledge interaction between government and private sector. Second, the Joseon's medicine has been established its own medical system based on the Treasured Mirror of Eastern Medicine(東醫寶鑑), trying to cope with cholera and other contemporary epidemics without relying on Chinese warm disease(溫病) medicine. Third, the Compilation of Formulas and Medicinals(方藥合編), is regarded not only as a must-read medical reading for medical doctors, also playing an important role on popularization of Korean medical knowledge.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.307-317
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• 2015

Objectives The purpose of study was to identify cancer related symptoms of Sasang Constitution based on the classic of Sasang Constitutional Medicine (SCM). Methods The bibliographical study was performed with "Dongyisoosebowon-Shinchukbon(東醫壽世保元 辛丑本)", Dongyisoosebowon-Sasangchobongwon(東醫壽世保元 四象草本券), "Cancer", and several review articles. The perspective on severe illness in SCM was investigated. And 'the critical state' of constitutional symptoms based on "Dongyisoosebowon" was identified as cancer related symptoms. Results and Conclusions The perspective on severe illness of SCM was focused on the human being itself, compared with symptom based traditional Chinese medicine. The preservation of requisite energy (保命之主) was a vital factor of longevity to maintain healthy status and the classification of severity of disease. And critical state was an important indicator to control severe illness. Regarding cancer related symptoms in SCM, Janggwol(臟厥), Eumsung-gyeokyang(陰盛隔陽證), Janggyeol(藏結證) of Soeumin symptoms, Hwangdal(黃疸), Haso(下消), Eumheo-oyel(陰虛午熱證), Gochang, Tohyul(吐血) of Soyangin's symptoms, Joyeol(燥熱證), Bokchang-bujong(腹脹浮腫) of Taeeumin's symptoms, and Eolgyek of Taeyangin's symptoms could be shown the association with cancer. According to the prognosis on disease severity, regimens of daily life, behavior modifications as well as medications were also emphasized with great importance to control severe illness in SCM. These holistic approach for controlling severe illness in SCM could lead to the improvement of treatment outcome.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.107-121
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• 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyze the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) injections specified in the clinical guideline for COVID-19 by conducting a meta-analysis of viral pneumonia data. Methods: TCM injections data on viral pneumonia were collected until July 31, 2021. CNKI, PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane electronic database were used to collect the clinical data. "COVID-19," "Viral pneumonia," "Tanreqing," "Xiyanping," "Reduning," "Xingnaojing," "Xuebijing," "Shenmai," "Shengmai," and "Shenfu" were used as keywords. All data collected were mainly about TCM injections and viral pneumonia. Furthermore, studies that included results such as the total effective rate, cough disappearance time, antipyretic time, lung rhomboid disappearance time, and adverse drug reaction were collected for the meta-analysis to identify the efficacy of TCM injections. However, data unrelated to TCM injections specified in the clinical guidelines for COVID-19 or viral pneumonia were excluded. The quality of included RCTs was assessed by the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool, and Review Manager 5.3 software was used to conduct the meta-analysis. Results: A total of 18 studies with 1540 patients were included in this study. The results of the meta-analysis showed that the total effective rate OR = 4.61 (95% CI 2.92, 7.25, p = 1.00/ I² = 0%); the cough disappearance time: SMD -1.23 (-1.37, -1.09, p < 0.00001/ I² = 94%); the antipyretic time: SMD -1.26 (-1.40, -1.11, p < 0.00001/ I²=94%); lung rhomboid disappearance time: SMD -1.17 (-1.33, -1.02, p < 0.00001/ I² = 89%); and adverse drug reaction was OR 0.36 (95% CI 0.20, 0.64, p = 0.21/ I² = 30%). From the results, the treatment group (TCM injection) showed better efficacy than the control group (Western medication). Conclusion: Xiyanping, Reduning, and Tanreqing injections may yield benefits as COVID-19 treatments. However, clinical trials on TCM injections for the treatment of COVID-19 are still lacking. More high-quality clinical trials are still required.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제29권8호
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• pp.1212-1220
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• 2019

The study of metabolomics in natural products using the diverse analytical instruments including GC-MS, LC-MS, and NMR is useful for the exploration of physiological and biological effects and the investigation of drug discovery and health functional foods. Cordyceps militaris has been very attractive to natural medicine as a traditional Chinese medicine, due to its various bioactive properties including anti-cancer and anti-oxidant effects. In this study, we analyzed the metabolite profile in 50% ethanol extracts of C. militaris fruit bodies from three development periods (growth period, matured period, and aging period) using $^1H-NMR$, and identified 44 metabolites, which are classified as 16 amino acids, 10 organic acids, 5 carbohydrates, 3 nucleotide derivatives, and 10 other compounds. Among the three development periods of the C. militaris fruit body, the aging period showed significantly higher levels of metabolites including cordycepin, mannitol (cordycepic acid), and ${\beta}-glucan$. Interestingly, these bioactive metabolites are positively correlated with antitumor growth effect; the extract of the aging period showed significant inhibition of HepG2 hepatic cancer cell proliferation. These results showed that the aging period during the development of C. militaris fruit bodies was more highly enriched with bioactive metabolites that are associated with cancer cell growth inhibition.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.25-39
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• 2021

Objectives: Ssanghwa-tang (SHT) is a traditional herbal formula comprising nine medicinal herbs, and it is used for reducing fatigue in Korea. SHT exerts various effects such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-aging activities, and protection against acute hepatotoxicity. However, the genotoxicity of SHT has not yet been established. Methods: Ten components were identified in SHT water extract by using high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. We assessed the genotoxicity of SHT by using bacterial reverse mutation (Ames test), chromosome aberration, and in vivo micronucleus tests. Results: The contents of paeoniflorin, glycyrrhizin, and liquiritin apioside in SHT were 15.57, 6.94, and 3.48 mg/g extract, respectively. SHT did not increase the revertant colonies of Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli strains in the presence or absence of metabolic activity. Although SHT did not induce structurally abnormal chromosomes in Chinese hamster lung (CHL) cells in the presence of metabolic activity, the number of structurally aberrated chromosomes increased dose-dependently in the absence of metabolic activity. In the in vivo micronucleus test, SHT did not affect the formation of micronuclei compared with the vehicle control. Conclusions: Genotoxicity of SHT was not observed in the Ames test and in vivo micronucleus test. However, based on the results of chromosome aberration test, it can be presumed that SHT has the potential to induce genotoxicity because it induced structurally abnormal chromosomes in the absence of metabolic activity.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.181-200
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• 2023

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Bojungikgi-tang (BJIG) and its modifications for patients with anemia. Methods: The subject of analysis of this study was a parallel design randomized controlled trial in which BJIG or its modifications was administered orally to patients who met the World Health Organization's anemia criteria and the efficacy and safety were prospectively measured. Electronic databases were searched to retrieve eligible literature published from 1 January 2000 to 12 February 2023. A meta-analysis was conducted, and the risk of bias (RoB) and level of evidence of the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane RoB 2 tool and GRADE method, respectively. Results: Five studies were included in the meta-analysis. When BJIG or its modifications was administered to anemia patients receiving conventional treatment, additional benefits compared to the non-administered group were found in terms of an increase in red blood cell count (mean difference (MD) 0.46 × 10¹²/L, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.17 to 0.74), hemoglobin concentration (MD 9.28 g/L, 95% CI 6.06 to 12.51), hematocrit (MD 2.57%, 95% CI 1.76 to 3.38), total effective rate (odds ratio 5.29, 95% CI 2.05 to 13.68), and traditional Chinese medicine symptom scores (standardized MD -1.51, 95% CI -2.79 to -0.24). Conclusions: This study demonstrated the clinical potential of BJIG and its modifications to provide additional benefits to patients with anemia receiving conventional treatment.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.1-15
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• 1997

${\ulcorner}$Classified Collection of Medical Prescriptions${\lrcorner}$(1445) is a book compiled the medical achievements of China and Choseon in those times and it's our source of pride to have it In this country. It also deserves careful investigation since this book can provide some clues of features of missing books in China and Korea. The extent of accuracy of xylographica of old books determines the possiblity of in depth further study. So authors attempted to investigate the xylographica of ${\ulcorner}$Classified Collection of Medical Prescriptions${\lrcorner}$ one of the 3 main books in Korea. Previous investigation done by Miki Sakae and Kim Doo Jong are noticeable. On the basis of their respective works, we analyzed 'Annals of the Choseon Dynasty' to find records related with ${\ulcorner}$Classified Collection of Medical Prescriptions${\lrcorner}$ and estimated the situation of its publication. We tried figure the situation of those times of China, Japan and Korea(including North Korea) and tried to estimate the book's original xylographica as much as we could. By King Sejong's command, the first draft of ${\ulcorner}$Classified Collection of Medical Prescriptions${\lrcorner}$ consisted of 365 books was made by collaboration of civil officials and medical officers during the period from 1443 to 1445. And then from 1451(first year of Moonjong's reign) to 1464(l0th year of Sejo's reign) lots of manpowers were employed and through the process of countless erasure, proofreading, arrangement and rearrangement revised version of ${\ulcorner}$Classified Collection of Medical Prescriptions${\lrcorner}$ which is called by Sejo text was completed. After 3 years of wood engraving work, the first printed form of ${\ulcorner}$Classified Collection of Medical Prescriptions${\lrcorner}$ (alternately called Seongjong text) in folding case consisted of 266 chapters, 264 volumes came into the world in 1477.(8th year of Seongjong's reign). This was 32 years after the initial completion of the edition. So ${\ulcorner}$Classified Collection of Medical Prescriptions${\lrcorner}$ exists in three forms as Sejong text, Sejo text and Seongjong text respectively. Since those texts were plundered during the Japanese invasion of Korea in 1592, none of the original copy remains within korea. The texts were constantly moved to kadeungcheongieong, to Kongdeungpyeongio, Jesookoan of Edo, to East University of department of classic books, to Cheoncho archives, to the Imperial Museum and finally is kept in the royal palace at present. (Doseoryo text Eulhae printing type) Reduced-size republication books of ${\ulcorner}$Classified Collection of Medical Prescriptions${\lrcorner}$ in wooden type were imported at the time of 'Byeongja Korea-Japan Treaty in 1876' and of those 2 books, one copy was treasured in the Royal Household of the Yi Dynasty and than was lost during the Korean War circa 1950. The other remaining copy has been kept succesively by Kojong's imperial grant, Royal doctor Hong Cheol Bo, Hong Taek Joo, Hong Ik Pyo the book agent, and now is kept In Yonsei University Library and this is the only existing copy in Korea at present. In 1965, Dongyang Medical college published the transcription version of ${\ulcorner}$Classified Collection of Medical Prescriptions${\lrcorner}$ consisting of 11 books and then in 1981 after edition and arrangement by Choonghoa(中華) publishing company, photoprint copy of ${\ulcorner}$Classified Collection of Medical Prescriptions${\lrcorner}$ was published in Keumgang(金剛) publishing company In 1991, October Yeokang(驛江) publishing company producd photocopies of ${\ulcorner}$Classified Collection of Medical Prescriptions${\lrcorner}$ which were previously translated into Korean by North Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine and then issued by medical publishing company. In China, two institutes, Zhejiang Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Huzhou Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital cooperated to publish a revised and marked text consiting of 11 books by adding marking points to japanse Edohakhoondang text which were used as a reference. Both the korean and chinese texts issued were grounded by the ${\ulcorner}$Classified Collection of Medical Prescriptions${\lrcorner}$ kept in the royal palace. Any further study concerning ${\ulcorner}$Classified Collection of Medical Prescriptions${\lrcorner}$ can acquire its accuracy and objectivity when the japanese text kept in the royal palace is taken as an original copy.