• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.54
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• pp.185-220
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• 2017

This study analyzes the behavior of China in the international context of East Asia based on the in-depth understanding of Confucian Sino-centrism. The rise of China is a dream to be realized for Chinese while actually it is regarded as new threats for the neighboring countries. It is therefore no surprise that the neighboring countries that once subordinated themselves to China voluntarily feel threatened by the resurrection of China. The reason is that China is pursuing hegemony based on China's stronger power rather than seeking culture and morality as they did in the past. The new hegemonic pattern seems not to contribute to the China's profit, only to increase the tension among North East Asia. That's because the neighboring countries are active in expanding military expenses with strengthening ties with the US. In this context, is it possible that China can rise gently without threatening the neighbors? There must be a way. It is that China will be born as a superpower with Confucian morality as the way the Confucian Sino-centrism is intended. When the neighboring countries are impressed by the way the China treats them with moral virtues, the leadership of China will be strengthened of itself. It is the most desirable way of realizing the dream of China.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.24
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• pp.10905-10909
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• 2015

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of FNA-Tg for detecting lymph node metastases in patients with a history of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). Materials and Methods: A total of 58 patients with DTC diagnosis and evidence of single or multiple suspicious cervical lymph nodes were assessed. All underwent total or near-total thyroidectomy with (35 cases) or without (23 cases) radioiodine (RAI) ablation, followed by thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) suppression therapy. A total of 68 lymph nodes were examined by ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (US-FNA) for both cytological examination and FNA-Tg measurement. Serum Tg and anti-thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) levels were also measured. Diagnostic performance including sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of FNAC and FNA-Tg were calculated and compared. The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was used to estimate the relationship between FNA-Tg and serum TgAb. Results: The FNA-Tg levels were significantly higher with DTC metastatic lymph nodes (median 927.7 ng/mL, interquartile range 602.9 ng/mL) than non-metastatic lymph nodes (median 0.1 ng/mL, interquartile range 0.4 ng/mL) (p<0.01). Considering 1.0 ng/mL as a threshold value for FNA-Tg, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PPV and NPV of FNA-Tg were 95.7%, 95.5%, 95.6%, 97.8% and 91.3%, respectively. The sensitivity and accuracy of the combination of FNAC and FNA-Tg were significantly higher than that of FNAC alone (p<0.05). The diagnostic performance of FNA-Tg was not significantly different between cases with or without RAI ablation, and the serum TgAb levels did not interfere with FNA-Tg measurements. Conclusions: Measurement of FNA-Tg is useful. The combination of FNAC and FNA-Tg is more sensitive and accurate for detecting lymph node metastases in patients with a history of DTC than FNAC alone. Serum TgAbs appear to be irrelevant for measurement of FNA-Tg.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.2139-2144
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• 2012

Objective: Gastric cancer remains a major health problem in China. We hypothesized that XRCC1 Arg194Trp and ADPRT Val762Ala may be associated with risk. Methods: We designed a multicenter 1:1 matched case-control study of 307 pairs of gastric cancers and controls between October 2010 and August 2011. XRCC1 Arg194Trp and ADPRT Val762Ala were sequenced, and demographic data as well as lifestyle factors were collected using a self-designed questionnaire. Results: Individuals carrying XRCC1 Trp/Trp or Arg/Trp variant genotype had a significantly increased risk of gastric cancer (OR, 1.718; 95% CI, 1.190-2.479), while the OR for ADPRT Val762Ala variant genotype (Ala/Ala or Val/Ala) was 1.175 (95% CI, 0.796-1.737). No gene-gene or gene-environment interactions were found. In addition, family history of cancer and drinkers proportion were higher among cases than among controls (P<0.05). Conclusions: XRCC1 194 Arg/Trp or Trp/Trp genotype, family history of cancer, and drinking are suspected risk factors of gastric cancer from our study. Our findings may offer insight into further similar large gene-environment and gene-gene studies in this region.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.73-90
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• 2017

After the conclusion of the $18^{th}$ CPCNationalCongress, the Shanghai Free Trade Zone was established, and the One Belt One Road Initiative was brought up. These measures accelerate the development of international commercial activities as related disputes grow in variety and quantity. To better settle international commercial disputes and increase the influence of China in this area, this article reviews and analyzes the development of international commercial arbitration in China. In the conclusion part, it gives suggestions for international commercial arbitration in China in order to improve and accelerate the further development of international commercial arbitration in China.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.49-63
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• 2005

China that holds various and plentiful food resources had little growth in dairy industry compared with her long history. But after the establishment the People's Republic of China, It began to activate. Because of the economic growth and the improvement of living standard of China, dairy products were becoming common food, so Chinese dairy industry was considering as a industry which accomplishes a rapid growth. On the ground of a sudden economic growth, the progress of income level of China and the open economy, the world dairy industry was concerned about the Chinese market, so, the Chinese dairy industry would bring an exorbitant change in the world dairy industry. Therefore, We Korean dairy industry must make inroads into the Chinese market by making a royalty profit through the transfer of technical know-how and the export of dairy products.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2000.06a
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• pp.171-183
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• 2000

Regarding the ancient Sino-Kroea sea communication as the main theme, the propagation of the China-culture in Koran Peninsula and he influence of Chinese ancient shipbuilding technique for Korea are described in the paper. Frequent sea trade resulted in the flourishing of Chinese and Korean harbours on both side of Yellow Sea. Sino-Koran sea communication is of long-standing. Korean Peninsula (KP) is just as the large arm extended to the great sea from the North-east China. It is the Chinese mainland plate-lump's extended part in the Yellow Sea. In the ancient time, the land communication between China and Korea was often not unimpeded, the contact between China and KP, such as the South-Korea, depended on the sea communication mainly, Although the friendly relationship between China and Korea rose one after another in the various historical period, but considering from the great background of people's historical development, just as the modern people benefited fro the Europe-American culture, the people of ancient time also benefited from the China-culture. All China, KP and Japan obtained the development by propagating the ancient China-culture. The seagoing ships which carried out the Sino-Korea sea communication and trade, as the friendly envoys, finished the mission linked u and developed the Sino-Korea culture contact.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.65-74
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• 2015

This paper deals with architectural activities related to Korean society in Jichang district in North East China, focused on the articles of Manseon-ilbo published there during the Japanese colonial period. Construction-related contents in the area closely connected with topical interest, publicity, and enlightenment as a local media source provide positive grounds about pending issues in colonial situations. This paper handles with articles issued in the 1940's newspapers just before the Pacific War. At that time Japanese enter in the Chinese continent, and construct a stable basis in the intimate association with Germany and Italy, countering against the United State. Among articles regarding architecture, most of contents are based on healthcare and public facilities, and urban planning. Overwhelmingly the most popular articles are about new constructions of educational facilities and residential matters. The shortage of goods and the excessive concentration of population resulted in urban and house problems, which were particularly much more serious in Korea society. Such social atmosphere made all activities regarding building constructions, in particular educational facilities, in civil level rather than the helps of the Japanese colonial government. Thus, through education and house matters we can read a slice of Korean society to survive in the colonial environment of Jichang district.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.8 no.2 s.19
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• pp.47-58
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to analyze the historical and environmental background of the straight-line-shaped plan emerged in northeast region of China during the Qing dynasty. This raper is mainly based on the writings in Yeon-haeng-rok. The results are summarized as follows: First the necessity of a lot of sunshine due to the cold climate in that region made the people select the plan that rooms to be added side by side. Second, it was not necessary to build the house with non-straight-line-shaped plan due to the reason that the northeast region of China is so vast and the size of the house lot was not limited. Third, the condition of family income somewhat affect the shape of plan to be straight-line-shaped, which is much economical to construct a house than other shape of plan. Fourth, the way of living of the people in that region during the Qing dynasty made the house plan straight-line-shaped which is convenient to sit either on the floor or on the chair within a room. Fifth, straight-line-shaped plan became an adequate means to represent the hierarchy of the use of inner space of a house and eventually became an architectural norm of this region.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.147-168
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• 2011

The objective of this study is to establish the method of conservation for traditional Korean settlements, based on the field surveys on the representative traditional settlements in Korea and China. The method is approached from grasping the conservation mechanism in which non-physical aspects deeply influence physical ones. The study has analyzed the characteristics and problems in the current methods of conservation for the traditional settlements, through comparing conservation practices at the World Heritage-class settlements such as Yangdong, Hahoi, and Oeam villages in Korea and Xidi-cun, Hong-cun, and Dangjia-cun in China. As a consequence of the study, the conservation method for the traditional Korean settlements is established as follows; Firstly, the conservation targets are classified into 4 types in terms of the relations of elements; individual, correspondent, sequential, and network elements. Secondly, the conservation strategies include the structuralizations of targets, by means of sequencing and networking. Thirdly, the conservation programs are made in consideration of the sustenance, transformation, replacement, and extinction of traditional use patterns.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.501-515
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• 2016

Seismic analysis for steel frame structure with brace configuration using topology optimization based on truss-like material model is studied. The initial design domain for topology optimization is determined according to original steel frame structure and filled with truss-like members. Hence the initial truss-like continuum is established. The densities and orientation of truss-like members at any point are taken as design variables in finite element analysis. The topology optimization problem of least-weight truss-like continuum with stress constraints is solved. The orientations and densities of members in truss-like continuum are optimized and updated by fully-stressed criterion in every iteration. The optimized truss-like continuum is founded after finite element analysis is finished. The optimal bracing system is established based on optimized truss-like continuum without numerical instability. Seismic performance for steel frame structures is derived using dynamic time-history analysis. A numerical example shows the advantage for frame structures with brace configuration using topology optimization in seismic performance.