• 수산경영론집
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.49-65
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• 2018

The main purpose of this study is to explain fishery relation in the seas surrounding Korea and how the Prisoner's Dilemma (PD), within game theory is applied to the region and suggest possible co-operative approaches in the region. The seas surrounding Korea are very productive fishing grounds with abundant fisheries resources because of the favourable marine environment, including its geographical features and physical oceanography. Nevertheless, Fishery relations among the coastal states in the region have been historically characterized by conflict rather than co-operation. Based on the PD game where there is always an incentive to do better by not co-operating, in order to ensure a share of the short-run benefits, fishing countries in the region have so far pursued the non-co-operative strategy of 'don't fish responsibly' rather than the co-operative strategy of 'fish responsibly'. Considering rapidly deteriorating situations in terms of fishery resources, regional co-operation among coastal states is urgently required to eliminate overfishing and increase fish stocks to sustainable levels. The West Sea/East China Sea and the East Sea, semi-enclosed seas, have unitary ecosystems, and many migratory fish species are shared between coastal states. Therefore, one countries' efforts alone cannot effectively manage and conserve the fishery resources and close co-operation among coastal states is required. The 1982 UN Convention and other international instruments emphasize the role of RFOs in managing and conserving capture fisheries and encourage states to establish Regional Fishery organizations (RFOs) or strengthen existing RFOs to facilitate conservation and management for fish stocks. Therefore, an international regime is worthy of serious consideration in that it provides fundamental advantages for the conservation of fish stocks for the fishery characteristic of the region.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.99-109
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• 2000

The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea(hereinafter referred as "the Law") adopted in 1982 was enacted on November 16, 1994. South Korea, China, and Japan signed and ratified the Law, respectively. These three countries announced their domestic laws relating to Exclusive Economic Zone(EEZ) with reserving their applications. The enactment of the Law and announcement of EEZ inevitably brought new order on the seas. The New Fishery Agreement based on the Law with EEZ was concluded between South Korea and Japan and ratified by each country′s parliament. Another New Fishery Agreement between South Korea and China is also going to be concluded in near future. The New Fishery Agreements, however, do not include regulations relating to the marine scientific research, the protection of the marine environment, and so forth, which are essential for the States to fully implement the Law According to the New Fishery Agreements, it is impossible for the Coastal States to excercise their jurisdiction. Because the agreement of delimitation ocean boundaries among the three countries are not easy to settle, provisional agreements can only be concluded. Thus, many problems including the sovereignty over Dok-do between South Korea and Japan and delimitation of EEZ between South Korea and China can be arose anytime. This paper investigates the problems and possible counter measures in legal excercise on the seas by South Korean Government. The above mentioned problems introduced by the New Fishery Agreements include potential problems in the Middle Sea Zone, Provisional Zone, and so forth. In this paper, only the legal aspect of the Zones will be discussed excluding the law enforcement and the economic aspect of the Zones.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.26-34
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• 2004

The evolution of intricate and striking patterns of suspended sediments (SS), which are created by certain physical dynamics in the East China and Yellow Seas, has been investigated using satellite ocean color imageries and vertical profiles of particle attenuation and backscattering coefficients. The structure of these patterns can reveal a great deal about the process underlying their formation. Sea surface temperature (SST) analyzed from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) thermal infrared data were used to elucidate the physical factors responsible for the evolution of suspended sediment patterns in the East China Sea. The concomitant patterns of suspended sediments were tracked from the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) ocean color data. The detailed examination about these patterns gave birth to the definition of the evolution of suspended sediments (SS) into four stages: (1) Youth or Infant stage, (2) Younger stage, (3) Mature stage, and (4) Old stage. We describe about the three directional forces of the tidal currents, ocean warm currents and estuarine circulations that lead to occurrence of various stages of the evolution of suspended sediments that increase turbidity at high levels through out the water column of the inner and outer shelf areas during September to April. The occurrence of these four stages could be repeatedly observed. In contrast, vertical profiles of the particle attenuation ($c_{p}$) and backscattering ($b_{bp}$) coefficients displayed obvious patterns of the propagation of suspended sediment plume from the southwestern coastal sea that leads to eventual collision with the massive sediment plume originating from the Yangtze banks of the East China Sea.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.151-163
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• 1992

황해, 동지나해와 제주도 주변해역의 해수분포의 계절변화를 살펴본 결과 이 해역전반에 걸쳐 공통된 계절변화가 보였다. 고온고염의 해수는 겨울에 황해 쪽으로 확장되며 여름에 동지나해 쪽으로 후퇴한다. 순압모델결과는 계절풍이 이와 같은 해수분포의 계절변화를 유도할 수 있음을 보여준다. 역풍류는 이 과정에서 중요한 역할을 하는데, 모델결과에는 역풍류의 축이 중국 쪽으로 이동되어 나타난다. 역풍류 축의 이동은 황해북부의 복잡한 해안선과 얕은 해저지형에 의한 에너지손실에 기인한다. 수치모델결과에 나타난 이동된 역풍류의 길은 여름철 황해저층냉수 남하의 길과 잘 일치한다.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2006년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2006 PORSEC Volume II
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• pp.831-835
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• 2006

NOAA/AVHRR data were used to analyze sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and thermal fronts (TFs) in the Korean seas. Temporal and spatial analyses were based on data from 1993 to 2000. Harmonic analysis revealed mean SST distributions of $10{\sim}25^{\circ}C$. Annual amplitudes and phases were $4{\sim}11^{\circ}C$ and $210{\sim}240^{\circ}$, respectively. Inverse distributions of annual amplitudes and phases were found for the study seas, with the exception of the East China Sea, which is affected by the Kuroshio Current. Areas with high amplitudes (large variations in SSTs) showed 'low phases' (early maximum SST); areas with low amplitudes (small variations in SSTs) had 'high phases' (late maximum SST). Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analyses of SSTs revealed a first-mode variance of 97.6%. Annually, greater SST variations occurred closer to the continent. Temporal components of the second mode showed higher values in 1993, 1994, and 1995. These phenomena seemed to the effect of El $Ni{\tilde{n}}o$. The Sobel edge detection method (SEDM) delineated four fronts: the Subpolar Front (SPF) separating the northern and southern parts of the East Sea; the Kuroshio Front (KF) in the East China Sea, the South Sea Coastal Front (SSCF) in the South Sea, and a tidal front (TDF) in the West Sea. Thermal fronts generally occurred over steep bathymetric slopes. Annual amplitudes and phases were bounded within these frontal areas. EOF analysis of SST gradient values revealed the temporal and spatial variations in the TFs. The SPF and SSCF were most intense in March and October; the KF was most significant in March and May.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2001년도 추계종합학술대회
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• pp.290-294
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• 2001

Satellite data, with Sea Surface Temperature(SST) by NOAA and Sea Level(SL) by Topex/poseidon, are used to estimate characteristics on the variations and correlations of SST and SL in the East Asian Seas from January 1993 through May 1998. In the oceanic climate, the variations of SL shown the high values in the main current of Kuroshio and the variations of SST shown not the remarkable seasonal variations because of the continuos compensation of warm current by Kuroshio. In the continental climate, SL shown high variations in the estuaries(the Yellow River, the Yangtze River) with the mixing the fresh water in the mouth of estuaries of the saline water in the coasts of continent and SST shown highly the seasonal variations due to the climatic effect of continents. In the steric variations in summer, the eastern sea of Japan, the East China Sea and the western sea of Korea shown the increment of sea level with 10~20cm. But the Bohai bay in China shown relatively the high values of 20~30cm due to the continental climate. Generally the trends of SST and SL increased during all periods. That is say, the slopes of SST and SL presented 0.29$^{\circ}C$/year and 0.84cm/year, respectively. The annual and semi-annual amplitudes shown a remarkable variations in the western sea of Korea and the eastern sea of Japan.

• 항공우주시스템공학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.44-51
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• 2014

This thesis analyzes the latest operating concept and status for Air Defense Identification Zone (ADIZ) researching overseas ADIZ CONOPS, international legal basis for ADIZ, the intention & background of proclamation for China Air Defense Identification Zone(CADIZ). Firstly, ADIZ is lawful concerning international connivance for ADIZ where around 20 countries have operated, Article 56 "Rights, jurisdiction & duties of the coastal State" and Article 301 "Peaceful uses of the seas" on the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea(UNCLS). Secondly, ADIZ has been regarded as a support means for national interest & policy as well as military air defense one. Thirdly, Based on legal re-interpretation for UNCLS relating to ADIZ, China proclaimed CADIZ where can ensure national maritime policy and strategy including A2/AD(Anti-Access & Area Defence), inroad into the ocean, claim for Senkaku Islands possession, etc..

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.397-402
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• 2006

China Coastal Water (CCW) usually appears in the seas surrounding Jeju Island annually (June-October) and is very pronounced in August. The power spectrum density (PSD), sea level anomalies (SLAs), and sea surface temperatures (SSTs) were found to peak annually and semiannually. The peaks at intervals of 80-, 60-, and 43-days are considered to be influenced by CCW and the Kuroshio Current. Generally, low-salinity water appears to the west of Jeju Island from June through October and gradually propagates to the east, where CCW meets the Tsushima Current. Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis of SLAs and SSTs indicated that the variance in SLAs and SSTs was 55.70 and 98.09% in the first mode, respectively. The PSD for the first mode of EOF analysis of SLAs was stronger in the western than in the eastern waters because of the influence of CCW. The PSD for the EOF analysis of SSTs was similar in all areas (the Yangtze Estuary and the waters to the west and east of Jeju Island), with a period of approximately 260 days.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.515-528
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• 1994

제주도 주변해역에 출현하는 중국대륙연안수의 특성을 여러자료를 근거로 분석한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 제주도 주변해역에 출현하는 여러 수괴중 $32.20\%0$ 이하의 저염분수는 중국대륙연안수로 해석된다. 2. 본 연구기간중, 제주해협 표층에는 1월${\sim}5$월 중순까지는 $34.00\%0$ 이상의 고염분수가 출현했고, 5월 하순부터 점차적으로 염분이 저하하여 $32.20\%0$이하의 중국대륙연안수는 7월초에 출현하여 10월중에 소멸했다. 3. 제주해협에서 중국대륙연안수의 두에는 평균 25m이고, 대체로 50m 정도의 깊이까지 영향을 주고 있다. 그러므로 동 해협의 하계 성층구조는 $0{\sim}50m$까지는 심한 염분약층이 형성되며 50m 이심은 동계와 같이 균질염분층에 가까운 성층이 된다. 4. 하계에는 제주도 주변표층 대부분의 해역에 중국대륙연안수가 출현하지만 그 중 최저염분을 갖는 이 연안수의 Core는 제주도 서방해역에서 제주해협 서쪽 입구로 유입되어 동 해협 중앙부를 통해 해협 동쪽으로 유출되며, 해협을 통과한 후에는 과유의 형태로 이동되는 것 같다.

• 한국해안해양공학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.94-108
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• 1994

연근해에서의 위성고도계 자료의 정확도가 향상됨에 따라 기존에 잘 알려져 있는 Schwiderski의 전구적 모형보다 더 정확한 조석모형으로 위성고도계 자료에서의 조석성분에 대한 보정을 향상시킬 필요가 있다. 초기단계로 오오츠크해, 남중국해와 북서태평양역을 포함하는 동아시아 전 해역에 대해 기존의 조석모형보다 해상도가 높은 1/6도 격자체계의 조석모형을 수립하여 반일주조(M$_2$, S$_2$, $N_2$, $K_2$)와 일주조(K$_1$, $O_1$, P$_1$, Q$_1$)의 조석체계에 대한 수치모형실험을 수행하였다. 계산된 결과들과 이 해역에서의 관측치와 기존의 경험적 조사도 및 Schwiderski의 조석도와 비교분석이 이루어졌다.