• 무역상무연구
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• 제39권
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• pp.345-366
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• 2008

The paper analyzes GMO legal system and the problems of its management in China and their suggestions to Korea. GMO has been arising as a principal alternative of grain while grain prices continue to climb. Although there has been concerns about GMO imported from China, it is true that we have not studied on China's legal system and the problems of its management in China. The paper believes that when Chinese government does not manage GMO primarily, we have a high possibility that China's GMO food will access to Korean market at any time, and threaten our health and safety. Hence, it is highly time to analyze how legally China treats GMO and what the problems of its management are. The paper found out problems of China's GMO management in three ways. Firstly, GMO legal system of China is confused and it has limitation of effectiveness. China has no regulations like "a law" to regulate GMO and regulations which exists now are not easy to apply in substance. Secondly, China has no administrative strictness to manage GMO. For example, the regulation which ministry of agriculture in China promulgated in March of 2002 started to use partially since 2003, 7. Thirdly, China, as a nation that administration superiors to, market does not do its roll to control GMO. It relates to the low concerns and care of Chines people about GMO. The paper shows suggestions and countermeasures according to problems of China's GMO management.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.91-94
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• 2009

An unreported disease of garlic was observed in commercial fields in Jiangsu province, China. The symptoms started as water soaked lesions at the base of the leaves. Later, water-soaked areas developed on stems and spread to the internal tissues, followed by yellowing and necrosis along leaf edges and soft rot of the stems. The causal organism isolated from symptomatic plants was identified as Pseudomonas fluorescens based on its biochemical and physiological characteristics and confirmed by the cellular fatty acid composition and Biolog data as well as 168 rRNA gene sequence analysis. The bacterial isolates caused similar symptoms when inoculated onto garlic plants. In addition, leek and shallot were susceptible to the P. fluorescens pathogen. However, the P. fluorescens pathogen failed to cause any symptoms when it was inoculated onto 15 other plants. This is the first report of a bacterial disease of garlic caused by P. fluorescens in China.

• 기술혁신연구
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.157-178
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• 2005

During the transformation of the agro-technology extension in rural China, many new Policy experiments are emerging to rebuild the lost linkages and to improve technology transfer with the system and among systems. Applying the Triple Helix Model of academy-agriculture-government relations, this paper explores a new pattern of technology transfer with the case of BaojiCity. The authors interpret the mechanism of 'Courtyards for Agro-experts', as well as the comparison between different types of courtyards. This article concludes that the Triple Helix in the agro-sector improves technology transfer and accelerates knowledge-based regional development. In the interest of farmers there should also be concern over reducing inequity the reform.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 1997년도 춘계 학술대회지
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• pp.16-17
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• 1997

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.73-84
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• 1999

There are a lot of thoughts and ideas for home, family and household in China. These thoughts and ideas hand down to posterity through classics. But, Home Economics in China doesn't have been condition of development. Home Economics in China regularly began to develop from the department of Home Science in a Women's College in SangHae. Talking this opportunity, there were departments of Home Science in many universities and colleges 1919 to 1930. But, the studies of Home Economics was discontinue by The Revolution of Culture. In that time, Home Economics was considered as a false science. In 1979, Home Economics in China began again after enforcement of the Innovation and The Open Door Policy. But up to the present it isn't systematically made up of the studies and the scientific papers of Home Economics. The department of Home Economics is only one in the College of Gillim-Agriculture. But, the objects of study in Home Economics include not only women but also men in China. Also, Home Economics in China is started first in Socialism Countries.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.395-402
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• 2018

Objective: An experiment was conducted to evaluate effects of inclusion level of palm kernel meal (PKM) and adaptation duration on the digestible energy (DE) and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of chemical constituents in diets fed to growing-finishing pigs. Methods: Thirty crossbred barrows ($Duroc{\times}Landrace{\times}Large\;White$) with an average initial body weight of $85.0{\pm}2.1kg$ were fed 5 diets in a completely randomized design. The diets included a corn-soybean meal basal diet and 4 additional diets in which corn and soybean meal were partly replaced by 10%, 20%, 30%, or 40% PKM. After 7 d of adaptation to the experimental diets, feces were collected from d 8 to 12, d 15 to 19, d 22 to 26, and d 29 to 33, respectively. Results: The DE and ATTD of gross energy (GE), dry matter (DM), ash, organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and crude protein (CP) in diets decreased linearly as the dietary PKM increased within each adaptation duration (p<0.01). Diet containing 19.5% PKM had less DE value and ATTD of all detected items compared with other diets when fed to pigs for 14 days (p<0.05). The ATTD of CP in PKM calculated by 19.5% and 39.0% linearly increased as adaptation duration prolonged from 7 to 28 days (p<0 .01). Conclusion: Inclusion level of PKM and adaptation duration had an interactive effect on DE and the ATTD of GE, DM, OM, and CP (p<0.01 or 0.05) but ash, NDF, and ADF in diet (p>0.05). Considering a stable determination, 21 days of adaptation to a diet containing 19.5% PKM is needed in pigs and a longer adaptation time is recommended as dietary PKM increases.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.802-811
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• 2020

Objective: Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of dietary sucralose on diet preference and growth performance of weaned piglets, and a third experiment was a 28-d safety study to examine if high-dose sucralose could affect the health state of weaned piglets. Methods: In experiment one, 48 piglets had free access to a corn-soybean based diet and the same diet supplemented with 150 mg/kg sucralose for 15 d. In experiment two, 180 piglets were blocked into 5 treatments with 6 replications. They were fed basal diets supplemented with 0, 75, 150, 225, and 300 mg/kg sucralose for 28 days. In experiment three, 108 piglets were randomly assigned to 3 treatments and fed diets supplemented with 0, 150 (suitable level), and 1,500 (ten-fold suitable level) mg/kg sucralose for 28 d. Results: The experiment 1 showed that piglets preferred (p<0.05) diets containing sucralose during experimental period. In experiment 2, piglets fed a diet supplemented with 150 mg/kg sucralose had a higher average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) than pigs in the control group and other treatment groups during the experiment period. The concentrations of sucralose over 150 mg/kg may decrease feed intake. However, no difference in feed conversion ratio was observed. In experiment 3, piglets fed diet supplemented with 150 mg/kg sucralose had a higher ADG and ADFI than that of pigs in the control group and 1,500 mg/kg treatment groups during the experiment period. Clinical blood metabolites, organ index and histological morphology were not significantly different between sucralose treatments. Conclusion: Sucralose can promote feed intake and thereby improve growth performance of weaned piglets. Moreover, inclusion of 1,500 mg/kg sucralose was demonstrated to have no observed adverse effects. Supplementing 150 mg/kg sucralose for weaned piglets is recommended in this study.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권10호
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• pp.1456-1463
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• 2011

A total of 629 Duroc${\times}$Landrace${\times}$Large White crossbred pigs were utilized in three experiments (Exp. 1, 222 pigs weighing $25.6{\pm}2.0\;kg$ BW; Exp. 2, 216 pigs weighing 5$6.2{\pm}4.3\;kg$ BW; Exp. 3, 191 pigs weighing $86.4{\pm}4.6\;kg$ BW) conducted to determine the effects of fermented potato pulp on performance, nutrient digestibility, carcass traits and plasma parameters in growingfinishing pigs. Each experiment lasted 28 d. The pigs were assigned to one of two corn-soybean meal-based diets containing 0 or 5% fermented potato pulp. The inclusion of fermented potato pulp increased weight gain (p<0.05) in experiments 1 and 2 and increased feed intake (p<0.05) in experiment 2. Feed conversion was improved (p<0.05) in experiment 2 and showed a tendency to improve (p<0.10) in experiments 1 and 3 when pigs were fed fermented potato pulp. Fermented potato pulp increased (p<0.05) dry matter digestibility in experiments 1 and 3 and energy digestibility in experiment 2. Feeding fermented potato pulp decreased plasma urea nitrogen (p<0.05) and alanine aminotransferase (p<0.05) in experiments 1 and 2, while plasma aspartate aminotransferase was decreased (p<0.05) in experiment 3. Dietary fermented potato pulp did not affect the carcass characteristics of finishing pigs. Feeding fermented potato pulp reduced (p<0.05) fecal ammonia concentration in all three experiments. In conclusion, feeding growing-finishing pigs diets containing 5% fermented potato pulp improved weight gain and feed conversion without any detrimental effects on carcass traits. The improvements in pig performance appeared to be mediated by improvements in nutrient digestibility.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.323-334
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• 2020

Lysin motif (LysM) proteins are reported to be necessary for the virulence and immune response suppression in many herbaceous plant pathogens, while far less is documented in woody plant pathogens. In this study, we preliminarily characterized the molecular function of a LysM protein LtLysM1 in woody plant pathogen Lasiodiplodia theobromae. Transcriptional profiles revealed that LtLysM1 is highly expressed at infectious stages, especially at 36 and 48 hours post inoculation. Amino acid sequence analyses revealed that LtLysM1 was a putative glycoprotein with 10 predicted N-glycosylation sites and one LysM domain. Pathogenicity tests showed that overexpressed transformants of LtLysM1 displayed increased virulence on grapevine shoots in comparison with that of wild type CSS-01s, and RNAi transformants of LtLysM1 exhibited significantly decreased lesion length when compared with that of wild type CSS-01s. Moreover, LtLysM1 was confirmed to be a secreted protein by a yeast signal peptide trap assay. Transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana together with protein immunoblotting confirmed that LtLysM1 was an N-glycosylated protein. In contrast to previously reported LysM protein Slp1 and OsCEBiP, LtLysM1 molecule did not interact with itself based on yeast two hybrid and co-immunoprecipitation assays. These results indicate that LtLysM1 is a secreted protein and functions as a critical virulence factor during the disease symptom development in woody plants.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권10호
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• pp.1384-1389
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• 2006

Prolactin plays an important role in mammary gland development, milk section initiation and maintenance of lactation, so the bovine prolactin gene is considered as a potential quantitative trait locus affecting milk performance traits in dairy cattle. In this study, to determine the association between prolactin and milk performance traits, the genetic polymorphisms of a part of the prolactin gene were detected in a population of 649 cows of Chinese Holstein Dairy Cattle. Three SNPs in the promoter and one SNP in the intron1 of prolactin were identified, which was A/C (-767), G/T (-485), C/A (-247), and C/T (427), respectively. Statistical results indicated that one of SNP within promote, CHBP2, was significantly associated with milk yield (p<0.01), fat yield (p<0.05), protein yield (p<0.01), and protein percentage (p<0.05). The cows with genotype BB of CHBP2 had significantly higher milk yield (p<0.01), fat yield (p<0.05), and protein yield (p<0.01) than those of cows with genotype AA, while cows with genotype AA showed the highest protein percentage (p<0.05). In addition, based on the nine major haplotypes constructed from the four SNPs, the association analysis between diplotypes and milk performance trait was carried out. Results showed that the least square mean for fat yield of diplotype H2H8 was significantly higher than those of other eleven diplotypes (p<0.05). Our findings implied that CHBP2 and H2H8 of prolactin would be useful genetic markers in selection program on milk performance traits in Holstein Dairy Cattle.