• Strategy21
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• 통권36호
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• pp.59-93
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• 2015

A Paradigm shift is in process in China's foreign policies during Xi Jinping's era. Such changes occur with changing national identities from developing country to great power, and from continental power to continental-maritime power. China's pursuit for sea power embraces its global strategy. Accommodating the new identity of maritime power, China is developing its maritime strategy. New silk-road strategy actively utilizes China's advantage in economy, while avoiding direct military challenges against the U.S. China seeks an associated balance of power with the U.S. On the other hand, China make its determination clear to protect its core national interests, particularly Taiwan straits issue, deploying Anti-Access and Area-Denial strategy. 'Pax-Americana 3.0' and 'China's rise 2.0' have convoluted and evolved in complexity. South Korea faces much tougher challenges ahead in its foreign and security environments.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.219-228
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• 2012

Tintinnid species distribution has been monitored in the northern East China Sea (ECS) in the summer of 2006 through 2011. This is used to understand the water mass movements in the northern ECS. The warm oceanic tintinnid species had largely spread in 2007 in the area, indicating that there was greater warm water extension into the northern ECS. However the extension of neritic water within the Changjiang diluted water mass has strengthened in 2008 and 2010 because the neritic species distribution had relatively grown in both years. These annual results based on the biological indicators of tintinnid species are well matched with the salinity change in the area. The warm oceanic species, Dadayiella ganymedes had frequently occurred over the study years and had shown a significant relationship with the salinity change. This is valuable as a key stone species for monitoring the intrusion of the Kuroshio within the northern ECS. Information from tintinnid biological indicators can support physical oceanography data to confirm ambiguous water mass properties.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2018

This study focuses on red snow crabs for fisheries cooperation in South Korea, North Korea, and Japan. South Korea, North Korea, and Japan have had experience in promoting red snow crab fisheries cooperation. However, this cooperation is now discontinued. South Korea, North Korea, and Japan are required to play a role in mediating South Korea in order to promote red snow crabs fisheries cooperation. South Korea has the capacity to carry out economic intervention in North Korea and Japan. This is even more so in the red snow crabs. On the other, South Korea, North Korea and Japan's red snow crabs fisheries cooperation can develop into Northeast Asian fisheries cooperation including Russia and China. This can be done through the major fisheries of the East Sea, the squid and the alaska pollocks. The role of the Korean peninsula is important in Northeast Asian fisheries cooperation.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.25-29
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• 2014

China and South Korea have effectively reached a free trade agreement. The deal now faces legal and parliament reviews in the two countries. We need to discuss the recommendations on XML conversion with UN / CEFACT electronic documents. To solve this problem of interworking between these standards, Two kinds of translation rules is proposed for exchanging to UN / CEFACT Tag smoothly. For development and distribution of electronic documents to be conformed to international standards, it is enough to have the role of international activities continue to supply part of the domestic industry and the trends in participation and international standard. Our principal focus is on facilitating national and international transactions, through the simplification and harmonization of processes, procedures and information flows, and so contributing to the growth of global commerce. The agreement with South Korea will be China's ninth bilateral FTA.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.117-125
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• 2009

Information and computer technology(ICT) readiness in SME(small and medium enterprises) in globalized digital world get much attention due to its capability to reach broader customers and to personalized the products to the clients. The purpose of this study is to compare the readiness of ICT capabilities in SME between Korean firms operated in Qingdao China and Incheon, South Korea. The results of the study are presented and the implication of this comparative research is discussed. It is hoped that the finding of the research would be beneficial to academian and practitioners in China and South Korea.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제34권
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• pp.109-131
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• 2007

This paper has focusing CheongHaeJin's maritime trading activities between Korea, China and Japan in the 9th century. In operation of CheongHaeJin which Chang BoGo was given a key role, CheongHaeJin creates three nation's wealth in triangular trade among Korea, China and Japan. And also, CheongHaeJin's contribution is considerable to the maritime trade development of Northeast Asia through establishing trading advance base in China and Japan, and organizing Shilla's people in China. Chang BoGo justified the control over small business groups of the west and south sea of Korea and the east and south sea of China by keeping pirates away His trade groups controlled foreign trade of three countries: Shilla, the Dang Dynasty of China and Japan. They connected Persia, India, Southeast Asia, and China. CheongHaeJin's key success factors of the maritime activities are summarized as follows; There is a possibility of searching that successful factor from the people of operator of CheongHaeJin. Based on oceanic adventurous spirit with character and progressive thinking could complete the rally of sea influence and composition of fleets. Secondly, the success factor is the excellent operational ability and leadership which learned in the Dang Dynasty of China. Thirdly, In 9th century, International political context was suitable for CheongHaeJin's construction and operation. Such political circumstances had given to CheongHaeJin remunerative position. Finally, Although central government could not maintain the sea traffic securities, Chang BoGo's ocean trading fleets guaranteed the safe fishing industry of people and security of sea traffic.

• 해양안보
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.115-140
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• 2021

남중국해는 풍부한 해저 및 어로자원 뿐만 아니라 매년 4만여 척 이상의 선박이 통과하고, 세계 해양물류 50%, 원유 66%가 통과하는 중요한 해상교통로이다. 특히 대한민국의 수입 물동량의 30%, 에너지 수입량의 90%가 당 해역을 통과하고 있다. 미국과 중국은 이 해역의 중요성을 일찍이 깨달아 각각 '인도-태평양 전략', '일대일로(一帶一路) 전략'을 시행하는 등 국가전략적 차원에서 해양안보를 통한 국익을 구체화 하고 있다. 이런 지정학적 갈등은 남중국해에서 미국이 실시하는 '항행의 자유 작전'이라는 양상으로 드러나고 있다. 이러한 중요성에도 불구하고, 항행의 자유 작전에 대한 국내 연구는 미흡한 것이 사실이며, 기존 연구 대부분도 국제법과 국제 협약에 대한 분석을 중심으로 수행되었다. 본 논문은 항행의 자유 작전에 대한 전략적 인식을 통해 그 기원과 배경을 분석하고, 미·중 전략경쟁이 장기화되는 상황에서 한반도 안보에 주는 함의를 도출하고자 한다.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.562-569
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• 2004

To operate a border station between South and North Korea is one of the most important tasks for the future inter-Korean railway transportation. Currently, North Korea and China are operating three border stations each. Among them, a Dandong-Sinuiju route handles the most amount of transport volume and can be a model for the operation of South-North Korean border station. This Study is to suggest an efficient way of operating the planned South-North Korean border station and international railway transportation via the station. To that end, operation system at the border station between Chinese Dandong and North Korean Sinuiju was analyzed and the Train Operation Agreement made by the two Koreas was studied.

• 암석학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.59-87
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• 2012

최근 송림 조산운동시기인 트라이아스기에 홍성 지역의 에클로자이트와 경기육괴 내에 광범위하게 나타나는 충돌 후 화성암이 형성되었음이 확인되었다. 이러한 새로운 발견에 의해 1980년대 말에 확인된 남중국판과 북중국판의 충돌대인 트라이아스기 친링-다비-수루 충돌대가 한반도의 홍성 지역으로 연결된 후 양평 지역을 거쳐 오대산 지역으로 연결되는 모델이 제시되었다. 그 이후 충돌대는 일본 서남부의 고생대 섭입 복합체와 북한의 고생대 섭입 복합체인 연변대로 연결될 가능성이 높다. 이럴 경우 경기육괴는 홍성-양평-오대산 충돌대를 경계로 나뉘어져야하며 충돌대 북부는 북중국판에 남부는 남중국판에 대비될 것이다. 남중국판과 북중국판의 충돌은 페름기에 한반도로부터 시작하여 중국 쪽으로 진행되었으며 트라이아스기 말에 충돌이 완료되었다. 다비-수루-홍성-양평-오대산 충돌대를 따라 동측에서 서측으로 변성조건이 체계적으로 변화한다. 가장 동측에 해당하는 오대산 지역에서는 245-230 Ma 초고온 변성작용이 한반도의 서측에 해당하는 홍성지역에서는 230Ma 고압변성작용이 그리고 중국의 수루, 다비 지역에서는 220Ma의 초고압 변성작용이 일어났다. 충돌대를 따라 나타나는 체계적인 변성조건의 변화는 충돌 전 섭입된 해양지각의 양이 동측에서 서측으로 증가하여 섭입하던 대륙판과 해양판의 분리되는 깊이가 동측에서 서측으로 점차 증가하였기 때문인 것으로 생각된다. 한반도 남부 영남육괴와 남중국판 남부에 광범위하게 나타나는 페름기-트라이아스기 섭입관련 화성암은 북중국판과 남중국판의 페름기-트라이아스기 충돌이 남중국판 남쪽 경계부에서의 섭입작용을 시작시켰을 가능성이 있음을 지시한다. 즉 한반도의 송림 조산운동 시기에는 경기육괴지역에서 대륙충돌이 일어나 한반도가 형성되었으며 동시에 대륙충돌에 의해 영남육괴 남측에 섭입대를 형성되었을 것으로 예상된다. 홍성-양평-오대산 충돌대를 경계로 하여 경기육괴 북부와 남부는 모두 콜롬비아 초대륙 형성 후기인 1870-1840 Ma에 대륙충돌이나 섭입 작용에 의해 화성 및 변성작용을 강하게 받았다. 옥천 변성대는 중국 남중국판 내에 나타나는 760Ma 경에 형성된 난후아 열곡대에 대비될 수 있으며 그럴 경우 경기육괴 남부와 영남육괴는 각각 남중국판의 북부 양쯔판과 남부 커테시아판에 대비된다. 최근 경기육괴 변성퇴적암, 옥천변성대 등에서 광역적으로 발견되는 실루리아기-데본기의 쇄설성 저어콘은 경기육괴 내에 데본기 혹은 그 이후 고생대 시기의 퇴적암이 존재할 가능성을 제시하고 있으며 홍성과 광천 지역에서 확인된 데본기의 변성작용과 함께 페름기-트라이아스기의 대륙충돌 이전인 고생대 중기에도 경기육괴에 활발한 지구조 운동이 일어났음을 지시한다.

• Strategy21
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• 통권39호
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• pp.5-46
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• 2016

North Korea's 4th nuclear test on Jan. 6 and following developments once again awakened the world into seriousness of the nuclear matters on the Korean peninsula. On March 2, UNSC adopted Resolution 2270 which is complemented by Seoul government's measures such as withdrawal from the Gaesung Industrial Complex (Feb. 9) and announcement of unilateral sanction (March 8). Seoul government also strongly urged the international community to strangle North Korea's 'financial resources.' The U.S., Japan, China, and other countries have issued unilateral sanctions to complement the UNSC measure. South Korea and the U.S. conducted their annual joint military drill (Resolve-Foal Eagle) in the largest-ever scale. North Korea, however, responded with demonstration of its nuclear capabilities and announcement of de facto 'nuclear-first' politics. North Korea test-fired a variety of delivery vehicles, threatened nuclear strikes against South Korea and the U.S., and declared itself as an 'invincible nuclear power armed with hydrogen bombs' at the 7th Workers 'Party Congress held in May, 2016. Considering the circumstantial evidences, the North's 4th nuclear test may have been a successful boosted fission bomb test. North Korea, and, if allowed to go on with its nuclear programs, will become a nuclear power armed with more than 50 nuclear weapons including hydrogen bombs. The North is already conducting nuclear blackmail strategy towards South Korea, and must be developing 'nuclear use' strategies. Accordingly, the most pressing challenge for the international community is to bring the North to 'real dialogue for denuclearization through powerful and consistent sanctions. Of course, China's cooperation is the key to success. In this situation, South Korea has urgent challenges on diplomacy and security fronts. A diplomatic challenge is how to lead China, which had shown dual attitudes between 'pressure and connivance' towards the North's nuclear matters pursuant to its military relations with the U.S, to participate in the sanctions consistently. A military one is how to offset the 'nuclear shadow effects' engendered by the North's nuclear blackmail and prevent its purposeful and non-purposeful use of nuclear weapons. Though South Korea's Ministry of Defense is currently spending a large portion of defense finance on preemption (kill-chain) and missile defense, they pose 'high cost and low efficiency' problems. For a 'low cost and high efficiency' of deterrence, South Korea needs to switch to a 'retaliation-centered' deterrence strategy. Though South Korea's response to the North's nuclear threat can theoretically be boiled down into dialogue, sanction and deterrence, now is the time to concentrate on strong sanction and determined deterrence since they are an inevitable mandatory course to destroy the North' nuclear-first delusion and bring it to a 'real denuclearization dialogue.'