• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.123-149
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• 2013

In the past three decades since the advent of market oriented reforms began in 1978, China has made rapid strides in catalyzing economic growth. The economic development coincides with the development of significant capabilities in several areas of science, technology, and innovation. China has recorded notable achievements in a number of emerging fields. This paper investigates the process that has catalyzed the developments in Science and Technology (S&T) and the key factors that have facilitated this process. The causality of dynamism of S&T in China points at targeted development, an emphasis on high growth industries and high technology, commensurate resource mobilization, ruthless restructuring of innovation actors, dynamic organization and management of R&D, continuously evolving policies with strict enforcement, and implementable instruments. This paper attempts to bring out the roadmap of the Chinese transformation process in S&T and derive policy lessons for India.

• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.35-45
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• 2018

Purpose - The operating mechanism between education input and economic growth is a mysterious proposition that has attracted a vast array of scholars' interests to study on it. Therefore, this paper sets China as an example to analyze the dynamic relationship between education input and economic growth. Research design and methodology - The annual time series from 1990 to 2017 will be employed to conduct an empirical analysis under the vector autoregressive model. The education input is treated as an factor that impacts the economic growth such as labor input and capital input. Meanwhile, the education input will be added to the Cobb-Douglas production function to form a new one so as to explore the dynamic relationship between education input and economic growth. Results - According to the results of empirical analysis, it can be found that the education input has an increasingly positive effect on economic growth. Simultaneously, the economic growth also has a positive effect on education input, but this kind of effect is not steady. Of course, the labor input and the capital input also can promote the economic growth to some degree. Conclusions - The education input is one of most important inputs for a country. Based on the empirical analysis, this paper suggests that the China's government should put more emphasis on the education input so to make its economy develop well.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.49-63
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• 2005

China that holds various and plentiful food resources had little growth in dairy industry compared with her long history. But after the establishment the People's Republic of China, It began to activate. Because of the economic growth and the improvement of living standard of China, dairy products were becoming common food, so Chinese dairy industry was considering as a industry which accomplishes a rapid growth. On the ground of a sudden economic growth, the progress of income level of China and the open economy, the world dairy industry was concerned about the Chinese market, so, the Chinese dairy industry would bring an exorbitant change in the world dairy industry. Therefore, We Korean dairy industry must make inroads into the Chinese market by making a royalty profit through the transfer of technical know-how and the export of dairy products.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.629-641
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• 2007

Chinese government has implemented the West Development Strategy since 1999 to boost the region's growth and prevent the environmental degradation. Until now, the regional economy and living standard in Western China have been greatly improved, while it also indicated by the State Council that the ecological environment still deteriorated with part improvement, and pressure of water shortage increased. The paper focus on the relationship of GDP per capita and the volume of industrial waste water discharge of all the 12 provinces in Western China from 1989 to 2004, by the expanded EKC model in the cubic form. Results show that they mainly have down trend in the whole sample space but small up trend in the recent years. That means controlling of industrial wastewater discharge is still an important task to be insisted in the Western China.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.29-33
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• 2015

Purpose - This paper aims to explain the interactive relationship between small and medium-sized enterprises' clusters and regional economic growth, with Jiangsu Province as an illustrative example. It focuses on studying the promotional effects, if any, of small and medium-sized enterprises' cluster-development on regional economic growth, and vice-versa. Research design, data, and methodology - Data were collected from the Jiangsu Statistical Yearbook and the China Industrial Economic Statistical Yearbook, by selecting 26 industries as the research subjects. The sample interval selection is 1981-2012. The data were analyzed with the dynamic panel system using stata 12.0. Results - 1) The small and medium-sized enterprises' cluster degree and Jiangsu's economic growth have a long-term stable equilibrium relationship. 2) In the short term, they have a dynamic adjustment 3) The enterprises' cluster degree leads to regional economic growth in Jiangsu, but not vice-versa. Conclusions - Small and medium-sized enterprises' clusters have an important promotional effect on Jiangsu's economic growth, especially industries with high degree of agglomeration. Therefore, the formation of these clusters can significantly improve economic growth.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.19-41
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• 2017

This paper examines the aspects of changes in China's consumer market since the mid-1980s. By comparing urban and rural residents' expenditures, I find that the rural consumer market has exhibited extraordinary growth. Over the past decade, the consumption growth rate and average propensity to consume by rural residents have surpassed those of their urban counterparts, with the former's consumption patterns becoming increasingly similar to the latter's. Such a phenomenon prevails in rural areas which neighbor second-and third-tier cities where urbanization is progressing rapidly. These findings imply that Korean companies need to diversify their export goods in line with China's expanding rural markets while further differentiating their product composition to satisfy the heterogeneous demands in urban areas. With regard to the government, efforts must be made to strengthen the export cooperative system so that it targets not only urban but also rural markets in China.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.285-299
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• 2005

The economic reform in China since 1978 has been increasingly sped up and deepened. The recent development of private enterprises, especially, has significant economic and political implications, whereas its regional differentiation has considerable impacts on both the development potential of certain regions and overall regional growth pattern. This study aims to understand the regional pattern of private enterprise growth as well as the institutional change which has structured the growth process. The development of private enterprises turned out to be closely tied to the marketization strategy of dual-track system and policy needs to reduce the unemployment level in both urban and 겨ral China. The regional pattern of the private enterprise growth can be characterized as ever-increasing spatial differentiation. Based on the basic statistical analysis results, it is argued that the private enterprise growth is closed related with the marketization level of the regional economy. Therefore, the strategy of developing private sector will be more important in shaping the regional development path as well as potential.

• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.19-28
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• 2024

Purpose: In the era of global economic integration, China's doors of openness have widened, leading to increasingly frequent economic and trade exchanges between countries. Exchange rates, as a crucial economic lever for regulating foreign markets, play a vital role in the balanced development of a nation's international trade. Therefore, the relationship between exchange rate fluctuations and foreign trade has garnered widespread attention. Research design, data and methodology: This study utilizes import and export trade data between China and five ASEAN countries from 1998 to 2019. It employs regression analysis to examine the specific impact of the real effective exchange rate of the Renminbi on China's import and export trade with these ASEAN nations. Results: The empirical analysis yields the following conclusions: Firstly, the real effective exchange rate of the Renminbi exhibits a long-term stable relationship with China's import and export trade with the five ASEAN countries. Renminbi appreciation contributes to an increase in export trade volume but is detrimental to import trade. While this conclusion may deviate from classical trade theories, it aligns with the practical realities of China's foreign trade. Secondly, the coefficients before Gross Domestic Product (GDP) all display positive values, indicating that the growth of total economic demand has a stimulating effect on China's import and export trade.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.311-329
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• 2019

Since China's opening to international trade, the rapid growth of the country's export sector has been coupled by an intensification of migratory outflows of ethnic Chinese. The literature has already stressed the beneficial role of migration in enhancing bilateral trade. The present paper applies a gravity model in order to capture the impact of migration on Chinese exports for a relatively long period of time (1995-2017) where significant developments take place. We estimated four regressions, each of them confirming the positive network effects of migration for boosting export growth. Apart from the main finding, it appears that the role of institutional and geographical proximity can prove to be complementary for trade enhancement. The results finally suggest mixed effects due to the countries' import openness, indicating that China's free trade agreements acts as a substitute for smoothing trade competition from third countries.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.93-120
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• 2010

In 1978, Chinese reform and opening caused a big changes in Chinese labor relationship. Through reforming and opening, China gave up part of state ownership system and group ownership system, permitted private ownership system, and also opened the way for capitalists to ride again. Since China was established, the labor relationship ceased for 30 years has been appeared. However because the top priority aim of China's reform was economic growth, the protection of the rights and interests of labor was pushed back on the policy priority list. China takes foreign capitals based on cheap labor force quickly and China come up the worldwide plants. Since reformed, China keeps an economic growth rate of 9.7% annually for 30years. This economic growth is based on labor's sacrifice. However, Chinese fast economic growth causes side effects such as increasement of the gap between the wealthy and the poor, increasement of unbalanced development between regions, and the increasement of conflict between labor and management. Especially, according to changes in labors' level of consciousness, the labors recognized that their rights and interests are exploited by employers. Therefore, the labor dispute is continuously increasing. Chinese government changes their policy from the policy focusing on enterprise development to the policy protecting labor's rights and interests. In order to protect labor's rights and interests, China conducts labor contract law and labor dispute conciliation arbitration law in 2008. This kind of changes in Chinese labor environment affect a lot to Korean companies which already entered into China or are willing to enter. According to studying on present situation and resolution system in Chinese labor dispute, this paper suggests the proper countermeasure related to labor dispute of Korean companies which entered in China. First, the success rate of labor dispute conciliation by enterprise labor dispute conciliation committee is around 20% during recent several years and the success rate by year is in decline. Therefore, when labor dispute is occurred, our companies which entered into China better use other labor dispute methods such as negotiation and arbitration than conciliation in order to settle a conflict. Second, from the Korean enterprises entered in China point of view, there exists a problem not to sue except special cases which provided in the law even though they are dissatisfied with arbitrate judgment. Thus, when labor dispute occurred, Korean enterprises try to do best to settle the dispute through negotiation. However, in case of that the dispute cannot be settled by negotiation, they have to attend in the arbitration as if it is a last chance. Third, Korean enterprises keep in mind that dispute handling procedures between labor union and users or between labor group and users are different, and then deal with separately. Thus, dispute between labor and users have to follow arbitrate procedures as a necessary procedure, but in case of dispute related to group contract, namely dispute against labor union, labor dispute can be settled by arbitrate or suit, so after figuring out the situation exactly, it is necessary to select more advantageous way in order to settle the dispute. Moreover, in case of the dispute between labor union, they have to keep in mind that conciliation procedures cannot be used.