• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.59 no.10
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• pp.414-420
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• 2016

Purpose: We investigated behavioral problems, attention problems, and cognitive function in children and adolescents born small for gestational age (SGA). Methods: Forty-six SGA children born at term and 46 appropriate for gestational age (AGA) children born at term were compared. Psychiatric symptoms were examined with reference to the Korean-Child Behavior Checklist, Korean-Youth Self Report, and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale (ADHD-RS). Cognitive function was estimated using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale. Sociodemographic data were recorded from interviews. Results: SGA children had high scores on delinquent behavior, aggressive behavior, and the externalizing scale, and they also showed a propensity for anxiety and depression. The SGA group had a higher mean ADHD-RS score than the AGA group ($10.52{\pm}8.10$ vs.$9.93{\pm}7.23$), but the difference was not significant. The SGA group had a significantly lower verbal intelligence quotient (IQ) than the AGA group, but the mean scores of both groups were within normal limits. Conclusion: This study indicates marked behavioral problems, such as delinquency, aggressiveness, and anxiety and depression, as well as low verbal IQ in the SGA group than in the AGA group. Even in cases in which these symptoms are not severe, early detection and proper treatment can help these children adapt to society.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.106-112
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• 2022

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the clinical and psychological factors influencing depressive symptoms in children and adolescents with epilepsy. Methods: We administered self-reported questionnaires assessing children's depressive symptoms (Children's Depression Inventory, CDI) and anxiety (Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale, RCMAS) to children and adolescents with epilepsy (n=87, age range=6-17 years). We asked their parents to complete questionnaires on epilepsy-related variables, parental stress (Questionnaire on Resources and Stress, QRS), parental anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, STAI), family functioning (Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale, FACES), children's attention problems (Abbreviated Conners Parent Rating Scale Revised, CPRS), and children's behavioral problems (Korean Child Behavior Checklist, K-CBCL). Stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed to identify predictive variables affecting depressive symptoms. Results: Family adaptability (r=-0.240, p=0.026), family cohesion (r=-0.381, p<0.001), children's attention problems (r=0.290, p=0.006), children's anxiety (r=0.714, p<0.001), children's behavioral problems (r=0.371, p<0.001), parental anxiety (r=0.320, p=0.003), and parental stress (r=0.335, p=0.002) were significantly correlated with children's depressive symptoms. Children's anxiety (β=0.655, p<0.001) and parental stress (β=0.198, p=0.013) were significantly related to their depressive symptoms (adjusted R²=0.539). Conclusion: Clinicians should detect and manage children's anxiety and parental stress, which may affect depressive symptoms in children and adolescents with epilepsy.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.43 no.3 s.205
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• pp.91-104
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• 2005

This study was designed to examine the relations of home environment, locus of control, social support and behavior problems of fourth-grade Korean-Chinese children in Yanbian in China. The subjects were 190 children who completed the locus of control and social support scale and their parents who completed the Child Behavior Checklist. T-test, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analyses were conducted. Mother's education level, and psychological and physical environment at home were negatively related to children's behavior problems. The scores of internal locus of control and support from the teacher were negatively related to children's behavioral disturbances. The factors with the greatest contribution to explaining behavior problems of Korean-Chinese children in Yanbian were found to be physical environment at home, internal locus of control, and teacher's social support.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.115-135
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to develop a "Family Play Therapy Program" using puppets to decrease attachment problems for families with children having attachment problems and to examine its effectiveness. The participants were an experimental group of 16 individuals(8 children with attachment problems whose ages ranged from 4 to 5 and 8 mothers) and a control group of 16 individuals (8 children with attachment problems whose ages ranged from 4 to 5 and 8 mothers). The experimental group was treated through the Family Play Therapy Program, which involved the use of puppets and was held for twelve sessions twice a week. The changes in the participants were measured in order to examine the effects of the program. The researcher measured children's emotional and behavioral expression(TBP), the mothers' sense of self(Self-Differentiation Scale), personal relationships(ECR-R), and the perception of family functions(ICPS-FFS) both before and after the FPT program and compared their differences. The MIM Rating Scale and Marschak Behavior Rating Scale were administered to examine the interactions between mothers and children, and 1:1 interviews were also conducted. The data thus gathered were used for non-parametric analysis(Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon rank sum test)using SPSS WIN 17.0. The results of this study were as follows: First, the program had a positive effect on children's emotional expression. After the problem were over, negative emotional and behavioral expression in the experimental group decreased. Second, the program had a positive effect on mothers' self-differentiation and personal relationships. Third, the program had a positive effect on changes in the interaction behaviors between the mother and child. Fourth, the program had a partially positive effect on the responses from their group developmental stages, especially on the subscale of both a program for the reinforcement of mothers' emotions and family play program utilizing puppets.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.75-84
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• 2006

Internalizing and externalizing behavior problems may be more common in children with disability families but rarely known is the magnitude of the problem and the risk factors compared to those in children with non-disability families. This study was undertaken to examine if socio-economic factors, parental health, and family functioning affect children's internalizing and externalizing behaviors differently between two comparison groups. The research literature on childhood behaviors was briefly reviewed. The data was derived from the Mental Health of Children and Young People in Great Britain, 2004. Regression analyses provide evidence that the family type, economic status, and income level are uniquely associated with an increased risks of internalizing or externalizing behavior problems in children with disability families, whereas sex, age, family size, parental health, and family functioning factors have similar impacts on the child's internalizing or externalizing variances between two groups. Intervention is desirable to address the concerns influencing internalizing and externalizing performances among children with disability or non-disability families.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.63-71
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• 2020

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of clinical and psychological factors on the parental stress of children and adolescents with epilepsy. Methods : Children and adolescents with epilepsy (n=90, age range=6-17 years) completed questionnaires on epilepsy-related variables, children's depressive symptoms (Children's Depression Inventory, CDI), children's anxiety (Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale, RCMAS) and performed the scale for children's intelligence (IQ). Parents who have children and adolescents with epilepsy completed questionnaires on parental stress (Questionnaire on Resources and stress, QRS), parental anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, STAI), children's attention problems (Abbreviated Conners Parent Rating Scale Revised, CPRS), and children's behavioral problems (Korean Child Behavior Checklist, K-CBCL). Stepwise regression analysis was performed to determine the significant predictive variables that affect parental stress. Results : In the correlational analysis, duration of seizure treatment (r=0.253, p=0.016), children's IQ (r=-0.544, p<0.001), children's attention problems (r=0.602, p<0.001), children's depressive symptoms (r=0.335, p=0.002), children's anxiety (r=0.306, p=0.004), children's behavioral problems (r=0.618, p<0.001), and parental anxiety (r=0.478, p<0.001), showed a significant correlation with parental stress. Children's behavioral problem (β=0.241, p=0.010), children's IQ (β=-0.472, p<0.001), and parental anxiety (β=0.426, p<0.001) were significantly related to the parental stress (Adjusted R²=0.619). Conclusions : Clinicians should pay attention to children's intelligence and behavioral problems and parental anxiety, which affect parental stress with children and adolescents with epilepsy.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.8
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• pp.221-230
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine validity of the Korean-Child Behavior Checklist: K-CBCL) as measures for emotional and behavioral problems for use with children with autism spectrum disorders. In present study, the factor of the K-CBCL was investigated, using data of 248 children with autism spectrum disorders, with 11.17 mean ages. The two factor model of Internalizing problems (Withdrawn, Somatic Complaints, Anxious/Depressed) and Externalizing problems (Delinquent Behavior, Aggressive Behavior) was investigated by the confirmatory factor analysis. The two factor model of K-CBCL was adequate for children with autism spectrum disorders. The inter-item consistency for the sub-factor of K-CBCL demonstrated on adequate reliability of the measure. Although the inter-item consistency of Withdraw, Social problems, Delinquent Behavior was not acceptable, the inter-item consistency of Internalizing, Externalizing and total problems were good. This results supported validity and reliability and suggested that K-CBCL is used to assess for emotional and behavioral problems in children with autism spectrum disorders.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.195-211
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• 1994

This study was designed to examine the effects of family structure (nuclear, extended family) on children's behavioral and emotional problems. The subjects of this study were 650 primary school children aged 8 to 13 living in Seoul and Incheon (324 from nuclear and 326 from extended families). The Children's Behaviour Questionnaire (CBQ: Rutter, 1970) and a questionnaire containing demographic questions and some additional questions were used for instruments. For the analyses, frequencies, descriptives, chi-square, factor analysis, and t-test were used. The results were analysed and explained in their cut-off points, prevalences, differences and factor structures. The cut-off score obtained in this study was 18, and the prevalences with this cut-off score were 6.3% in total subjects, 8.0% in nuclear families, and 4.6% in extended families. The children from extended families showed less behavioral and emotional problems, especially antisocial behaviours, compared with those from nuclear families, and this difference was significant (p<.05). The factor structures of the CBQ were 'antisocial', 'neurotic', 'mannerism' and 'speech' in total subjects, and, in the case of nuclear families, the factor structures were same as in total subjects, but, in the case of extended families, the 'emotional anxiety' factor was included instead of the 'speech' factor.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.275-281
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• 2021

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by abnormalities in social communication/interaction and restrictive, repetitive patterns of behavior. ASD is a relatively common psychiatric disorder, with a prevalence of approximately 1.7% in children. Although many children and adolescents with ASD visit the hospital for medical help for emotional and behavioral problems such as mood instability and self-harming behavior, there are also many visits for sleep disturbances such as insomnia and sleep resistance. Sleep disturbances are likely to increase fatigue and daytime sleepiness, impaired concentration, negatively impact on daytime functioning, and pose challenges in controlling anger and aggressive behavior. Sleep disturbance in children and adolescents with ASD negatively affects the quality of life, nothing to say the quality of life of their families and school members. In this review, sleep disturbances that are common in children and adolescents with ASD and adolescents are presented. The developmental and behavioral impacts of sleep disturbances in ASD were also considered. Finally, non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatments for sleep disturbances in children and adolescents with ASD and adolescents are reviewed.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.56-65
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was done to evaluate the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy in a victimized community district and to determine if the program is an effective nursing intervention to reduce posttraumatic stress disorder symptom, depression and state anxiety. Methods: A nonequivalent control group design was used for the study. The participants, 32 elementary school students, were selected from grades 4, 5, 6 and each student was assigned to either the experimental (16) or control (16) group. Cognitive behavioral therapy was used as the experimental treatment from April 9 to May 28, 2009. The experimental group received cognitive behavior therapy intervention 8 times. Data analysis was done using ANCOVA with SPSS 17.0. Results: After the intervention, the experimental group showed significantly lower levels of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms than the control group. Conclusion: The findings from this study suggest that cognitive behavioral therapy is an effective nursing intervention to decrease the level of mental health problems of children in victimized district. Further research is required in order to identify the continuous effects of cognitive behavioral therapy.