Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.7466/JKHMA.2014.32.3.115

The Development and Effectiveness of a Family Play Therapy Program Using Puppets for Families with Children Having Attachment Problems  

Roh, Nam Sook (Department of Child Development and Education, Myongji University)
Roh, Nam Sook (Department of Child Development and Education, Myongji University)
Publication Information
Journal of Families and Better Life / v.32, no.3, 2014 , pp. 115-135 More about this Journal
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop a "Family Play Therapy Program" using puppets to decrease attachment problems for families with children having attachment problems and to examine its effectiveness. The participants were an experimental group of 16 individuals(8 children with attachment problems whose ages ranged from 4 to 5 and 8 mothers) and a control group of 16 individuals (8 children with attachment problems whose ages ranged from 4 to 5 and 8 mothers). The experimental group was treated through the Family Play Therapy Program, which involved the use of puppets and was held for twelve sessions twice a week. The changes in the participants were measured in order to examine the effects of the program. The researcher measured children's emotional and behavioral expression(TBP), the mothers' sense of self(Self-Differentiation Scale), personal relationships(ECR-R), and the perception of family functions(ICPS-FFS) both before and after the FPT program and compared their differences. The MIM Rating Scale and Marschak Behavior Rating Scale were administered to examine the interactions between mothers and children, and 1:1 interviews were also conducted. The data thus gathered were used for non-parametric analysis(Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon rank sum test)using SPSS WIN 17.0. The results of this study were as follows: First, the program had a positive effect on children's emotional expression. After the problem were over, negative emotional and behavioral expression in the experimental group decreased. Second, the program had a positive effect on mothers' self-differentiation and personal relationships. Third, the program had a positive effect on changes in the interaction behaviors between the mother and child. Fourth, the program had a partially positive effect on the responses from their group developmental stages, especially on the subscale of both a program for the reinforcement of mothers' emotions and family play program utilizing puppets.
Keywords
children with attachment problems; Family Play Therapy Program using puppets; the interaction behaviors between the mother and child;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Burch, C. (1980). Puppet play in a thirteen-year-old boy: Remembering, repeating, and working through. Clinical Social Work Journal, 8(2), 79-89.   DOI
2 Sheidlinger, S. (1974). On the concept of the "mother group". International Journal Group Psychotherapy, 24, 417-428.
3 Shin J.-S., & Lee, H.-R. (2007). The effect of dance therapy program for developing kindergarten children's creativities and self-concepts. Journal of Child Education, 16(1), 297-307.
4 Shin, S. J. (1997). Effects of parenting stress, social support and parenting efficacy on mothers' parenting behaviors. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
5 Shin, Y.-G. (1994). The relationship family system types and self-differentiation in college students. Unpublished master's thesis. Pusan National University, Pusan, Korea.
6 Solomon, J., & Gorge, C. (1999). The measurement of attachment security in infancy and childhood. In J. Cassidy., & P. R. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical application (pp. 287-316). New York, NY: Guildford Press.
7 Song, Y.-H., & Seo, G.-N. (2002). The assessment model for the structured parent-child interaction. The Journal of Play Therapy, 6(1), 45-58.
8 Song, Y.-H., Yoon, G. H., Lee, S. H., Oh, M. K., Kim, E. K., Kim, H. G., et al. (2004). Play diagnosis and assessment (2nd ed.). Seoul: Sigma Press.
9 Sun-Woo, H. (2006). The effects of family play therapy on self-esteem and self-improvement for children with learning-disabled. Journal of Child Education, 16(1), 201-212.
10 Sun-Woo, H. (2007). A study of family play therapy for parent-children with emotional and behavioral disorder interaction. Journal of Emotional & Behavioral Disabillities, 23(4), 197-216.
11 Sung, Y. H. (2004). Enhancing effect of Interaction between mother and child through theraplay. Journal of Open Early Child Education, 9(4), 375-390.
12 Mckay, J. M., Pickens, J., & Stewart, A. L. (1996). Inventoried and observed in parent-child interactions. Current Psychology: Development.learning. personality.social ball, 15(3), 932-940.
13 Moos, R. H., & Moss, B. S. (1981). Family environment scale manual. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
14 Mueller, N. (1996). The teddy bears' picnic: Fouryear-old children's personal constructs in relation to behavioural problems and to teacher global concern. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 37, 381-389.   DOI
15 Noller, P., Seth-Smith, M., Bouma, R., & Schweutzer, R. (1992). Parent and adolescent perceptions of family functioning: A comparison of clinic and nonclinic families. Journal of Adolescence, 15, 101-114.   DOI   ScienceOn
16 O'Connor, K. (2001). The marchak interaction method rating scale. California School of Professional Psychology.
17 Park, L. G. (1999). A study of the development on family training program to promote parent-child social interaction for children with autistic spectrum disorders. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.
18 Park, M.-H. (2005). Effects of empowering mother's attachment program on developmental and characteristics of rad children. Journal of Emotional & Behavioral Disabillities, 21(1), 193-211.
19 Roh, N. S. (2005). The therapeutic possibility of puppetry activity. Journal of Research of Performance Art and Culture, 10, 191-222.
20 Park, U. H. (2001). The study on the relationship among family cohesion, self-differentiation and college adjustment. Unpublished master's thesis. Seoul Women's University, Seoul, Korea.
21 Lee, S. H. (2006). The effects of experiential family play therapy on attention deficit hyperactivities of children and family functions. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Daegu University, Gyeongbuk, Korea.
22 Lee, W. G. (2005). The effects of korean parent-child relationship on interpersonal relationship -mediated by self- differentiation and we-consciousness. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Hongik University, Seoul, Korea.
23 Lim, S. H. (2013). The effects of mother's reactions to young children's negative emotional expressiveness on children's. Unpublished master's thesis. Gachon University, Gyeonggido, Korea.
24 Lim, S. J. (2007). The effect of adult attachment on the help seeking behavior: A structural equation modeling approach. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Chonnam National University, Chonnam, Korea.
25 Linn, S. (1982). Techniques for puppet therapy. Association for Play Therapy Newsletter, 1(3), 1-2.
26 Lopez, F. G., & Brennan, K. A. (2000). Dynamic process underlying adult attachment organization: Toward an attachment theoretial perspective on the healthy and effective self. Journal of Counselling Psychology, 47, 283-301.   DOI   ScienceOn
27 Lyons-Ruth, K., Alpern, L., & Repacholi, B. (1993). Disorganized infant attachment classification and hostile-aggressive behavior in the preschool classroom. Child Development, 64, 572-585.   DOI   ScienceOn
28 Kuethe, J. L. (1964). The pervasive influence of social schemata. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 68, 248-254.   DOI
29 Malkin, M. (1971). Traditional and folk puppets of the world. New York: Barnes.
30 Kobak, R. R., & Screery, A. (1988). Attachment in late adolescence: Working models, affect regulation, and representation of self and others. Child Development, 59, 135-146.   DOI   ScienceOn
31 Lee, G. T. (2000). Cosciousness structure of korean. Seoul: Shinwon Moonwhasa.
32 Lee, J. J. (2002). A study on the construction and validation of parent-adolescent affective bonding(bu-jauy- chin- sung-cheong) scale. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea.
33 Lee, K. S. (1997). A study on the characteristics of attachment disorder and the development and application of parent-child relation improvement program for children with attachment disorder. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Ewha Womens University, Seoul, Korea.
34 Lee, K.-S. (2008). Assessment of relationship in infant mental health. Korea Association for Infant Mental Health, 1(1), 11-23.
35 Thoman, E. B. (1975). Mother-infant adaptation: The first five weeks. Paper session presented at the Perinatal Nursing Conference, Battelle seattle Research Center, Seattle.
36 Tyson, R. L., Emde, R. N., Gulenson, E., & Osofsk, J. D. (1985). The origins and fates of psychopathology in infancy: A panel discussion. In J. D. Call, E. Galenson, & R. L. Tyson (Eds.), Frontiers of infant psychiatry (pp. 480-489). New York: Basic Books.
37 Jeon, G. Y. (1993). The influence of adolescent-perceived family cohesion, family adaptability and family system type on adolescent adjustment. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Gyeongbuk University, Gyeongbuk, Korea.
38 Woo, B. L. (2003). Difference in internal working model between mothers with children with attachment disturbance/disorder and mothers with non-clinical children: By means of aai. Unpublished master's thesis. Hanshin University, Kyonggido, Korea.
39 Yalom, I. D. (1995). The theory and practice of group psychotherapy (4nd ed.). US: Perseus.
40 Yoon, H. J. (2006). The difference of children's emotional intelligence according to mother's self-differentiation level. Unpublished master's thesis. Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.
41 Jeon, O. B. (2006). Understanding of child development. Seoul: Hakjisa.
42 Joins. com. (2009). Examplary case of koyong city's on the study of emotion disorderen. Retrieved from http:// blog.naver.com/alswjdch?Redirect=Log& logNo=50043653763.
43 Kang, M.-J. (2004). The impacts of group play therapy for siblings of children with disabilities on psychosocial adoptablity and family cohesion. Unpublished master's thesis. Daegu University, Gyeongbuk, Korea.
44 Kang, I. S. (2003). The study related to mothers' internal representations toward the children with attachment disorder/disturbance and other siblings-the application of the working model of the child interview (wmci). Unpublished master's thesis. Hanshin University, Kyonggido, Korea.
45 Kim, G. W., Uoo, M. S., & Uoo, J. L. (2004). Play therapy. Seoul: Hakjisa.
46 Kim, J. S. (1999). Theory of creative arts therapy and practice (2nd ed). Seoul: Keapa Press.
47 Dillavou, J., Gahan, D., Leonhardt, W., Binkley, M., Brinkmeyer, G., & Boerio, C. (1954). Puppetry: A form of play therapy to help adolescents. Progressive Education, 31, 252-255.
48 Kim, K. J. (2004). The influences of family of origin and self differentiation on family functioning among married people. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, Korea.
49 Kim, S. H. (2004). A study of experiences in close relationships-revised test validation: The application of confirmatory and factor analysis. Unpublished master's thesis. Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
50 Kim, Y. S. (2006). A case study of brief family play therapy to the step family. Journal of Korean Women's Psychological Association, 11(3), 311-325.
51 Fenney, V., & Ryan, S. M. (1994). Attachment style and affect regulation: Relationship with health behavior and family experiences of illness in a student sample. Health psychology, 13, 334-345.   DOI   ScienceOn
52 Gehring, T. M. (1993). Family system test(fast). Seattle: Hogrefe & Huber.
53 Gehring, T. M., & Page, J. (2004). Testing about fast. In Y.-H. Song, G. H. Yoon, S. H. Lee, M. K. Oh, E. K. Kim, H. G. Kim, et al (Eds.), Play diagnosis and assessment (pp. 465-473). Seoul: Sigma Press.
54 Gendler, M. (1986). Group puppetry with school-age children rationale. Procedure and therapeutic implication. Arts in Psychotherapy, 13(1), 45-52.   DOI   ScienceOn
55 Gitlin-Weiner. k., Sandgrund. A., & Schaefer. C. (2004). Play diagnosis and assessment. New York: Wiley
56 Carter, S. (1987). Use of puppets to treat traumatic grief: A case study. Elementary School Guidance and Counseling, 21(3), 210-215.
57 Jang, H. S. (1997). Life span model of attachment and the transmission across generations: Studies in the life-span developmental perspective. Journal of Korean Psychological Association, 16(1), 80-97.
58 Jang, M. J. (1998). Intergenerational transmission of attachment: Mothers internal working model of relationships and infant attachment patterns. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Kyunghee University, Seoul, Korea.
59 Je, S. B. (1989). A study of relationship between differentiation of self and dysfunctional behavior. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Pusan National University, Pusan, Korea.
60 Cassidy, J. (2000). Emotion regulation: Influences of attachment relationships. In N. Fox (Ed.), The development of emotion regulation: Behavioral and biological considerations. Monograph of the Society for Research in Child Development, 59(240), 228-249.
61 Cha, J. H., & Chun, Y. J. (2002). Relations between the health of the family of origin and intimacy among the pating couples. Journal of Family Relations, 7(1), 39-57.
62 Chae, J-Y. (2009). Influences of fathers' attachment representations and parenting behaviors on preschoolers' attachment representations and social competence. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
63 Chasin, R., & White, T. B. (1989). The child in family therapy: Guidelines for active engagement across the age span. In Combrinck-Grahan (Ed.), Children in family contexts: Perspectives on treatment (pp. 5-25). New York: Guilford Press.
64 Choi, E. A., & Kim, M. J. (2006). Analysis of trends in intervention studies for children with attachment problems. Journal of Play Therapy, 10(2), 141-160.
65 An, Y. H. (1988). Analysis of the relationship between family adaptability and family cohesion and male adolescents' mental health. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
66 Choi, G. S. (1992). A Study on the relationship between social competency of child and the child rearing behaviors and involvement of father. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
67 Choi, S. O. (2005). Development and evaluation of family theraplay to help families of domestic violence victims. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea.
68 Choi, Y. H. (2006). Effectiveness of filial play therapy as parent education. Journal of Korean Association of Child Studies, 27(5), 1-17.
69 Athanasiou, M. S., & Gunning, M. P. (1999). Finial therapy: Effects on two children's behavior and mothers' stress. Psychological Report, 84, 587-590.   DOI
70 Baggerly, J., & Exum, H. A. (2008). Counseling children after natural disasters: Guidance for family therapists. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 36, 79-93.
71 Bowlby, J. (1988). A secure base: Parent-child attachment and healthy human development. New York: Basic Books.
72 Brennan, K. A., Clark, C. L., & Shaver, P. R. (1998). Self-report measurement of adult romantic attachment: An integrative overview. In J. A. Simpson, & W. S. Rholes (Eds.), Attachment theory and close relationships (pp. 46-76). New York: Guilford Press.
73 Bretherton, I., & Munholland, K. A. (1999). Internal working models in attachment relationships: A construct revisited. In J. Cassidy., & P. R. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of attachment: Theory, research and clinical application (pp. 89-123). New York: Guilford Press.
74 Dozier, M. (1990). Attachment organization and treatment use for adult with serious psychopathological disorders. Development and Psychopathology, 2, 47-60.   DOI
75 Randolph, E. M. (2000). Manual for the randolph attachment disorder questionnaire (3rd ed.). Evergreen, CO: The Attachment Center Press.
76 Lee, M.-A. (2004). Effects of art therapy on attachment security and social ability of insecurely attached children. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongnam, Korea.
77 Kwon, T.-E. (2005). A case study on the effects of sand play therapy on sibling relationship focused on communicative sand tray. Unpublished master's thesis. Daegu University, Gyeongbuk, Korea.